by EnergySpin » Wed 14 Sep 2005, 06:40:35
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Starvid', 'O')nce upon a time the hydrogen needed for ammonia (fertilizer) was made not through steam reforming of natural gas, but by electrolysis of water.
This was abandoned because natural gas became cheaper, and today almost all ammonia plants use natural gas.
I wonder at what natgas price the electrolysis process becomes profitable again?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process
Apparently your Norwegian neighboors were doing till the 80s.
The German Environmental Ministry Handbook still contains a section on the environmental impact of ammonia plants generating NH3 from electricity so there must have been plants doing this till very recently (I started the ammonia thread as a hydrogen carrier and posted a little bit about the future of fertilizers cause I was sick by the repetitive doom-call: no oil, no gas no fertilizers).
My gut feeling is that is probably cost effective now or will be in short period of time to generate ammonia using electricity. And there was one recent publication in [i]Science]/i] where the reaction proceeded in room temperature using a Ru catalyst.
Historical note
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If you read the talk that Haber himself gave when he was presented with the Nobel prize in 1919, you will find that he did not do a natural gas feedstock for heat/hydrogen. He was using coke to generate Hydrogen from water which was combined with nitrogen to yield NH3. He received the Nobel prize for the last step of the Haber process (it is called the Haber reaction) because he figured out the right combo of catalysts, pressure, temperature etc.
"Nuclear power has long been to the Left what embryonic-stem-cell research is to the Right--irredeemably wrong and a signifier of moral weakness."Esquire Magazine,12/05
The genetic code is commaless and so are my posts.