by bobcousins » Thu 13 Apr 2006, 19:00:35
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('bobcousins', 'T')he question of how order arises out of chaos is quite fascinating, but the Laws of Thermodynamics don't tell us anything useful in this regard.
Thinking about this a little, thermodynamics does tell us something. For complexity to arise, it must do so in a region where complexity is as likely as not.
So when matter is in a cold state, there are insufficient ways for matter to arrange itself in a highly complex way, and similar for very hot states. In between, many more states are possible, so more complex forms are able to arise. Therefore we would not expect to find something as complicated as life in a solid, nor in a gas.
Another way of looking at this is that there needs to be enough energy to create interesting structures, but not so much energy that the structures disassociate into simple ones. You might call this the Goldilocks Principle.
The surprising implication is that although life on Earth seems very complex, it cannot be much more unlikely than there being no life (unless the Earth is not an isolated system, i.e. life is brought in from other space).
So although it seems incredibly unlikely that atoms would simply arrange themselves into the form of a penguin, the
process that creates the penguin cannot be that improbable. Indeed, if you take apart a penguin, you find it is assembled from many commonly occurring molecules. The apparently "ordered" state of the penguin is an illusion.
While there are many things that are fleeting random patterns, the origin of complex systems is far more than that. It is certainly not true that every possible set of circumstances is tried eventually. Randomness may provide the backdrop, but there are very definite processes that create complexity. In the case of life, that process is evolution. It is not just down to probability.