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LNG pt. 1 (merged)

Discussions of conventional and alternative energy production technologies.

Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby Free » Wed 21 Dec 2005, 11:53:59

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FireJack', 'I') have wondered about this, if there was somekind of fire on a LNG tanker would it explode or would it simply burn off.


I am just reading the novel "The Scorpions Gate" from the counterterrorism expert Richard A. Clarke, where he is describing a scenario of terrorists kidnapping an LNG tanker and wanting it to explode at a naval base in Bahrain.
He compares the explosion to that of a small nuke...
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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby lateStarter » Wed 21 Dec 2005, 13:30:03

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FireJack', 'I') have wondered about this, if there was somekind of fire on a LNG tanker would it explode or would it simply burn off.


from Wikpedia:

LNG safety and accidents
Most experts agree that since LNG is a liquid rather than a compressed gas, spilled LNG would vaporize from its liquid form, then disperse or burn slowly if ignited, rather than explode. There has been only one serious accident involving LNG since long distance transportation started in the 1960s. That accident was at a LNG liquefaction plant. No accidents have yet occurred involving LNG tankers or at their fueling terminals.

LNG transport by sea has been very safe, a major accident has never occurred in over 33,000 voyages at sea for over 45 years, since maritime inception in 1959. There have been eight significant incidents with LNG ships, with no spills. In its liquid state LNG is not explosive, although it could feed a fire as it vaporizes and mixes with air. For an explosion to occur with liquid natural gas, it must vaporize and mix with air in the proper proportions (the explosive range is 5% to 15%), and then be ignited afterwards. The two major areas of concern are during the liquefaction process, and warming vapors occurring from a spill.

The East Ohio Natural Gas Company experienced a failure of an LNG tank on 20 October 1944, in Cleveland, Ohio. 128 people perished in the explosion and fire. The tank did not have a dike retaining wall, and it was made during World War II, when metal rationing was very strict. The steel of the tank was made with an extremely low amount of nickel, which made the tank brittle when exposed to the extreme cold of LNG, and the tank ruptured, spilling LNG into the city sewer system.

1979, Lusby, Maryland, at the Cove Point LNG facility a pump seal failed, releasing gas vapors, which entered and settled in an electrical conduit. A worker switched off a circuit breaker, igniting the gas vapors, killing a worker and causing heavy damage to the building. National fire codes were changed as a result of the accident.

Skikda, Algeria, 19 January 2004. Explosion at Sonatrach LNG liquefaction facility. 27 killed, 74 injured, three LNG trains destroyed, 2004 production was down 76% for the year. A cold hydrocarbon leak occurred introducing the high-pressure steam boiler with gases via a combustion air fan. The explosion inside the boiler fire box resulted in a larger explosion of vapors outside the box.

2005 Pipeline Accident Probably Due to Corrosion in KY. The fires, started when natural gas leaking from a pipeline operated by Englewood-based MarkWest Hydrocarbon Inc. ignited, injured nine people and destroyed five homes. This accident was not related to LNG.
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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby Free » Wed 21 Dec 2005, 13:51:20

Well that just shows you that you shouldn't rely on novels for facts, doesn't it? :)

Thanks for the info - so as I understand it leaks are rarely a serious problem, and even with explosives it would be difficult to blow it up? - my doomerometer concerning LNG-tankers has been tuned down significantly...
Last edited by Free on Wed 21 Dec 2005, 14:08:29, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby lateStarter » Wed 21 Dec 2005, 14:01:49

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FireJack', 'I') have wondered about this, if there was somekind of fire on a LNG tanker would it explode or would it simply burn off.


from Wikpedia:

LNG safety and accidents
Most experts agree that since LNG is a liquid rather than a compressed gas, spilled LNG would vaporize from its liquid form, then disperse or burn slowly if ignited, rather than explode. There has been only one serious accident involving LNG since long distance transportation started in the 1960s. That accident was at a LNG liquefaction plant. No accidents have yet occurred involving LNG tankers or at their fueling terminals.

LNG transport by sea has been very safe, a major accident has never occurred in over 33,000 voyages at sea for over 45 years, since maritime inception in 1959. There have been eight significant incidents with LNG ships, with no spills. In its liquid state LNG is not explosive, although it could feed a fire as it vaporizes and mixes with air. For an explosion to occur with liquid natural gas, it must vaporize and mix with air in the proper proportions (the explosive range is 5% to 15%), and then be ignited afterwards. The two major areas of concern are during the liquefaction process, and warming vapors occurring from a spill.

The East Ohio Natural Gas Company experienced a failure of an LNG tank on 20 October 1944, in Cleveland, Ohio. 128 people perished in the explosion and fire. The tank did not have a dike retaining wall, and it was made during World War II, when metal rationing was very strict. The steel of the tank was made with an extremely low amount of nickel, which made the tank brittle when exposed to the extreme cold of LNG, and the tank ruptured, spilling LNG into the city sewer system.

1979, Lusby, Maryland, at the Cove Point LNG facility a pump seal failed, releasing gas vapors, which entered and settled in an electrical conduit. A worker switched off a circuit breaker, igniting the gas vapors, killing a worker and causing heavy damage to the building. National fire codes were changed as a result of the accident.

Skikda, Algeria, 19 January 2004. Explosion at Sonatrach LNG liquefaction facility. 27 killed, 74 injured, three LNG trains destroyed, 2004 production was down 76% for the year. A cold hydrocarbon leak occurred introducing the high-pressure steam boiler with gases via a combustion air fan. The explosion inside the boiler fire box resulted in a larger explosion of vapors outside the box.

2005 Pipeline Accident Probably Due to Corrosion in KY. The fires, started when natural gas leaking from a pipeline operated by Englewood-based MarkWest Hydrocarbon Inc. ignited, injured nine people and destroyed five homes. This accident was not related to LNG.
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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby No-Oil » Fri 23 Dec 2005, 09:53:28

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Free', 'W')ell that just shows you that you shouldn't rely on novels for facts, doesn't it? :)

Thanks for the info - so as I understand it leaks are rarely a serious problem, and even with explosives it would be difficult to blow it up? - my doomerometer concerning LNG-tankers has been tuned down significantly...


Not quite correct. The major problem with ships would be man made explosions. One minr upper containment explosion & one larger lower containment vessel explosion, would lead to a very rapid spill of the liquid gas onto the seas surface. This would provide a flat surface barrier to to gas & cause it to dispiser rapidly outwards from the ship. The sea would also act as a massive heat sink, heating the gas from liquid to gasious form is a very short time. A secondary fire source would ignite this mixture & caiuse a huge explosion.

The variables here are;-
1. The number of containment vessels breached, most ships have from 3 to 6 vessels.
2. The time lag between breach & ignition.
This is the main concern for the anti-terrorist teams.

Thus the ships are generally safe when operated in a safe environment. They are bombs in motion when near shore or possible attack/accident locations. It makes interesting reading when you look at the Marine accident reports. They rarely if ever make the news, but the number of ship-2-ship accidents is staggering. There are relatively few LNG ships on the oceans at any time, & these are operated by very experienced companies. In the rush for gas that will take place over the next few years, there will be many more & they will be operated by inexperienced companys with "cheap labour" crews. How long till they manage to destroy one ? &/or a town/city?

Watch this space for the big news report. Remember the ammo ship explosion in Halifax during the war, they told the people it was perfectly safe & most of the time it was. But one accident later they were burying the people who thought it was safe. It all depends on your perpective, pre or post first major accident, personal or a report !
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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby Free » Fri 23 Dec 2005, 14:24:36

Thanks No-Oil for this very qualified information!

Of course you are right that there is always the possibility of something going wrong, but as a layman I had the imagination that you just need "a match" and the thing would go boom.
Obviously, as you and lateStarter showed, many more conditions have to be fulfilled previous to ignition, and that sort of is quite reassuring (compared to the match phantasy).

Yes we can quite safely assume that at one point there will be an LNG accident again, but if we look at the list of the accidents so far the probability of wiping out a whole town or inflicting huge casualties is quite low IMHO...
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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby Permanently_Baffled » Fri 23 Dec 2005, 14:32:22

Without sounding flippant, dont all forms of energy generation carry a risk?

Ie

Nuclear (TMI, Chernobyl etc)
Coal(kills more than nuclear, just ask Chinese miners!)
Gas (LNG ships, large scale storage facilities)
Oil (Buncefield?, if Fawley went up in the UK it would take everything upto Winchester ! :))

etc

The decision on LNG Im sure is the lesser of the evils? If we dont have LNG we have to use coal or Nuclear. In which case more deaths/risks have to be taken.

Choose your poison!

Renewables would be the safest and lowest risk. But like anything else , low risk = low return(or in this case energy)

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Re: UK: Safety fears for fleet of new LNG tankers

Postby Free » Fri 23 Dec 2005, 14:40:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Permanently_Baffled', 'W')ithout sounding flippant, dont all forms of energy generation carry a risk?


Our chemical teacher even defined "accident" like this: Unwanted/uncontrolled transformation/releasing of energy.
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LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby advancedatheist » Sun 01 Jan 2006, 11:09:14

http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/artic ... _page_id=2

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')P feels the heat over gas debacle
Lisa Buckingham, Mail on Sunday
1 January 2006
DESPITE sub-zero temperatures and soaring gas prices, BP has again failed to deliver liquefied natural gas to the huge Isle of Grain terminal.

The energy giant has been warned by the regulator Ofgem and Chancellor Gordon Brown that unless it keeps the storage tanks full, it will lose its exclusive rights.

In a week when British Gas warned homeowners of even bigger bills because of high wholesale gas prices, BP and Algerian partner Sonatrach advertised the berth at the UK's only LNG import terminal to any supplier. But National Grid, owner of the Kent terminal, said no cargo had arrived.
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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby Laurasia » Sun 01 Jan 2006, 15:03:07

Well, I wonder where that piece of news fits in with all the other strange info swirling around the subject of natural gas; the crisis between Russia and the Ukraine, and something similar that someone posted on one of these threads about LNG tankers not getting to the US either?

I'm not in the UK, but my family, my Mum and my sister, are, and I know that there have been a lot of very low temps over there. I'm rather worried, needless to say.

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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby Free » Sun 01 Jan 2006, 15:11:38

Don't forget about the troubles with newly constructed LNG tankers:

http://www.peakoil.com/fortopic15791.html

It seems to me that there are not that many LNG tankers around, if 20 tankers already cause headaches...
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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby RonMN » Mon 02 Jan 2006, 05:18:38

I have to say that something seems to be very wrong with NG...

I was just reading how several other countries are affected by russia turning off the gas to the ukraine...I can't imagine making other countries suffer because only the ukraine hasn't paid it's bill. Considering it's january, couldn't this possibly considered an act of war? If it's simply to make a point about paying the bill, why not turn it off during a more mild month of the year?
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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby untothislast » Mon 02 Jan 2006, 05:37:50

We're currently on the outer fringes of an undeclared world war over access to energy resources.

The invasion and occupation of Iraq was all about securing a stake in the middle of the world's premier oil producing region. The actual motive was easily camouflaged with rhetoric about WMD and the act of 'bringing democracy' to the beleaguered Iraqi people. Now, as nations start to openly jostle for position, countries like Russia are starting to declare their hands in an overtly political fashion, which will ultimately force into the open the discussion and admissions about supply scarcity which the West has done its utmost to conceal.

2006? You had to be there . . .
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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby shakespear1 » Mon 02 Jan 2006, 06:04:18

I am not a great fan of Russian politics, but lets give them a small break. They are doing what any other nation would certainly do intheir position.

They are selling something that is looking to be in short supply in the near future if not already. Their economy is basickly running on oil/gas. SO WHY shouldn't they tell the Ukranians or any one else "Pay market rate". Simple principle of business that has been done this way for a heck of a long time in the West with little symapthy for the little guy.

Sorry, time to try something else such as economize and get off the petro habit. We are dealing with a commodity which will not be replaced for at least 20-40 million years from now :roll:
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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby PWALPOCO » Mon 02 Jan 2006, 06:54:43

So , where ARE the LNG Tankers ?

The UK arent getting them, apparently we were being outbid by up to $14m per tanker by the US and Spain and I seem to recall another article about some other far off land getting the tankers either (was it ironically the US?).

So, I guess the Spaniards are gobbling up all the LNG then ? Wouldnt like to see their bills if they are prepared to pay even more than we are for it.

In the meantime , glancing at the rows of newspapers in the local shop the frontpages are all how the Europeans are cowering at the Russians Gas Dictatoropoly(TM).

If I were the Russians Id be doing the maths on how much more they can grab in price increases. They certainly seem to be pivotal in much of Europes supplies and Winter has a while still to go.

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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby Tanada » Mon 02 Jan 2006, 11:29:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Leaf', 'S')eems like it may be possible that prices now at $200-400 USD meter for gas in Europe..ie via Russia as of now may be seeing even anouther price spike before the yr is over. Germany is paying what 290 or so for Russian gas..Woundnt surpise me come April is 400 dollars range isnt seen...what and see.


The good news is, these kind of pricesw are going to shoot gas fired electricity plants dead, and keep more of them from being built.
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To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
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Re: LNG tankers avoiding the UK?

Postby DantesPeak » Mon 02 Jan 2006, 11:51:05

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('untothislast', 'W')e're currently on the outer fringes of an undeclared world war over access to energy resources.

The invasion and occupation of Iraq was all about securing a stake in the middle of the world's premier oil producing region. The actual motive was easily camouflaged with rhetoric about WMD and the act of 'bringing democracy' to the beleaguered Iraqi people. Now, as nations start to openly jostle for position, countries like Russia are starting to declare their hands in an overtly political fashion, which will ultimately force into the open the discussion and admissions about supply scarcity which the West has done its utmost to conceal.

2006? You had to be there . . .


Well put, but in retrospect, I think the first oil war was the invasion of Iran by Iraq in the 80s. The main goal of Iraq was to secure the oil fields near the Persian Gulf.

Later, as we all know, Iraq invaded Kuwait over an oil dispute. Evidence points to the fact that Kuwait conducted horizontal drilling into Iraq's oil fields before the war.

But the start of hostilities in 2003 by the US was the biggest and boldest move to secure energy supplies. Washington insiders later revealed that
top adminstration officials were looking closely at possible Iraq oil reserves, and they were advised - at least briefly - by the likes of Simmons.

Russia, with its energy supplies, can now assert its power.

Also, please note, LNG supplies are going to the highest bidder - as this story about India points out:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'S')hell closes operations of its LNG Hazira terminal

Gujarat and other western states likely to suffer shortage of 7 lakh cubic metres/day

Kamlesh Trivedi / Ahmedabad January 2, 2006

Shell has terminated its operations for the time being at its Hazira terminal in South Gujarat.
When contacted by Business Standard Nitin Shukla, CEO, Shell Hazira, refused to comment on the issue.

The Hazira terminal of Shell has one tank with full storage capacity of 138 million cubic metre.

Shell Hazira was looking for some long term tie up for its LNG in India but it never found it mainly because it had not tied up any long term supply for its Indian operations.

The nearest point where Shell has its LNG liquefaction facility was Oman, and another Australia.

Shell had started diverting its cargo for its Indian operations to the US market where natural gas prices have flared up because of cold winter and reduced supply worldwide.


http://www.business-standard.com/common ... ono=210302
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LNG as interim energy source

Postby Graeme » Sun 02 Jul 2006, 03:59:37

LNG as interim energy source

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he deepwater liquefied natural gas project proposed by BHP Billiton is not a renewable source of energy, but it is certainly a lot cleaner than the existing, appallingly dirty sources of California's energy, including coal, oil and nuclear. Coal-fired power plants in this country contribute 90 percent of all pollution generated by the electric industry, including dangerous nitrogen and sulfur oxides, toxic mercury, and carbon dioxide, the pollutant that contributes most to global warming. In contrast, electricity produced from LNG emits 60 percent less carbon dioxide compared with coal. The Cabrillo Port project can replace dirtier sources of energy and provide cleaner energy required now, while we aggressively move toward a more sustainable and renewable portfolio of energy sources.


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Re: LNG as interim energy source

Postby pea-jay » Sat 08 Jul 2006, 04:47:19

I have some personal experience with this subject.

LNG is indeed in CA's plans. It was incorporated in the state's planning documents, with key state planners focused on its touted effect of lowering prices for the state's consumers. When I was a planner, I chatted with a few of the guys that authored the report. The PRICE justification was the KEY reason for persuing this option. The state is standing by the EIA's forecasts for Natural gas production, even after years of evidence of its uselessness.

I also had this conversation with a energy industry executive on the future of natural gas and LNG.

Very interesting.
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