Donate Bitcoin

Donate Paypal


PeakOil is You

PeakOil is You

America now has more untapped oil than any other country

General discussions of the systemic, societal and civilisational effects of depletion.

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby rockdoc123 » Mon 18 Jul 2016, 23:34:19

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')ne thing I'm wondering about in Argentina is the Supreme Court's stepping in to prohibit what was going to be a price hike for NG to something like $7.50/MMBTU. This was last week, and I believe it's the first time the Court has done such a thing. I'm looking to see if they're looking at oil as well.


I saw that. It is interesting and I guess it depends on what they are currently paying to import gas from Bolivia (at one point that was $9/MCF but lower now I think) and LNG from overseas (it was as high as $14/MCF at one point not long ago but global LNG prices have dropped considerably). The reason for lifting the price in the first place was to make Argentine exploration for gas attractive (has to be high enough but can't exceed what they can buy it for elsewhere I suppose). But there are also politics at work. Still some pro-Kurshner types hanging on in various places and I'm sure they want to make it as tough for Macri as possible.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')lways something of interest in NW Argentina


It is an amazing country, crazy politics, unions with too much power, huge estancias, amazing wine and beef. What I always found interesting was that although the entire country sits on the ocean along its east coast Argentines tend to eat very little fish. Try to find a good seafood place in Buenos Aires, a tough task.
User avatar
rockdoc123
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 7685
Joined: Mon 16 May 2005, 03:00:00

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby tita » Tue 19 Jul 2016, 07:36:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('rockdoc123', 'n')ot very successful? Not sure what planet you are living on but oil and gas companies got into the shale business to make money, not create production. They are hardly "not for profit" organizations. As an example Cheseapeake Energy (exclusively unconventional production) had an operating net profit after tax and royalties of about $5 B in 2014.


Well... I said actually. Of course, the idea is to make money. But, as I understood, it is actually quite difficult for some of them, as they are losing money. BTW, Cheseapeake sold assets for around 5B in 2014, which may explain this net profit. Different story for their profit in 2015.

Of course, a successful company has to make money on the long run (the actual situation may reverse). Which means repay his debts and continue to invest to keep revenue flowing. But actually, the investing part is almost on hold. And except in Argentina where oil is subsidied, there won't be development until price is sufficient.

And when a governement pays to extract its own unconventional oil (Argentina), while other governements live on the profits of the oil they extract (even at actual prices), it's difficult to see unconventional oil like a new "El Dorado".
User avatar
tita
Coal
Coal
 
Posts: 418
Joined: Fri 10 Jun 2005, 03:00:00

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby rockdoc123 » Tue 19 Jul 2016, 10:18:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')ell... I said actually. Of course, the idea is to make money. But, as I understood, it is actually quite difficult for some of them, as they are losing money. BTW, Cheseapeake sold assets for around 5B in 2014, which may explain this net profit. Different story for their profit in 2015.


for clarity what you said was: $this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t is actually not very successful
, which could be written as : it is, in fact, not very successful.

You need to understand the Cheseapeake story and you also need to understand what happened to the global industry with low prices. At the right price (which is anywhere from $30 - $65/bbl) shales in the US are profitable. CHK strategy was to pick up large swaths of land, drill wells to identify the sweet spots and then sell off or farmout those areas they did not see as being attractive. This is standard operating procedure for oil and gas companies but not at the scale CHK undertook. The shale companies are largely not doing well at this moment in time due to their success at bringing on so much oil and gas over the past few years. That is what resulted in the supply overhang and the subsequent fall in prices. They were victims of their own success. At the current price of $45/bbl there are a number of places that are still quite economic including parts of the Eagleford and Permian basin.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')ut actually, the investing part is almost on hold. And except in Argentina where oil is subsidied, there won't be development until price is sufficient.


and that is no different for the conventional oil and gas business either. And as pointed out by WoodMac recently the shale industry will come back with full investment much quicker than the larger conventional plays in the offshore.

A$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'n')d when a governement pays to extract its own unconventional oil (Argentina), while other governements live on the profits of the oil they extract (even at actual prices), it's difficult to see unconventional oil like a new "El Dorado".


Argentina does not pay to extract it's own oil. YPF is the national oil company but it behave exactly like any oil and gas company, it's profits are held within the corporation and they pay royalties and taxes as any other oil and gas company would. They fund their operations through their own cashflow but more importantly through leveraged farmouts which they have done with Chevron, Exxon, Total and Wintershall. YPF is actually in the position where they take little front end risk as all of the capital expenditures up to the point of full development are paid for by the foreign participants.
User avatar
rockdoc123
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 7685
Joined: Mon 16 May 2005, 03:00:00
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Tue 19 Jul 2016, 16:53:50

The STACK trend is becoming more interesting. But it will be even more difficult to estimate individual well URR then it was in the early days for the Eagle Ford. Two reasons: high NG to oil ratio and, in particular, it's "geopressred". IOW for its depth the reservoir pressure is much higher then expected. Thus gives much higher initial glow rates but given the apparent limited drainage radius it may decline much faster. Additionally as the pressure drops there's can be a tendency tot the reservoir to actually start crushing itself and destroying flow capability. But the high initial rates will lend themselves a quicker payout and better ROR:

Devon STACK spacing test flows 1,400 boe/d/well
HOUSTON, July 19
07/19/2016
ByOGJ editors

Devon Energy Corp.’s Alma spacing pilot in the overpressured oil window of the Oklahoma STACK play tested five wells per section across a single interval in the Mississippian Upper Meramec, delivering 30-day production rates averaging 1,400 boe/d/well, of which 60% was light oil.

In addition to the strong initial production rates, early flow-back results from the Alma pilot indicate minimal interference between wells, suggesting potential for tighter spacing in the overpressured oil window, Devon says.
The Alma wells were drilled with 5,000-ft laterals. They were brought online on 12/64-in. chokes, gradually increased to 20/64-in. In the overpressured oil window in southwest Kingfisher County, the Pony Express 27-1H well, drilled with a 5,000-ft lateral, recorded a 30-day average rate of 2,100 boe/d, 70% oil.

Devon says oil productivity from the Pony Express is the highest of any Meramec well drilled to date in the play on a per-lateral-foot basis.
After the Alma test, Devon says it has two successful spacing pilots in the core of the Meramec oil window. Production from the two-well Born Free pilot continues to perform well, achieving a 90-day average rate of 1,500 boe/d/well, of which 60% is oil. The Born Free pilot wells were 400 ft apart and landed in two intervals in the Upper Meramec.

Devon’s next pilot is the Pump House test in southwest Kingfisher County. The Pump House is testing seven wells per section in a single interval in the Upper Meramec. Initial flow rates are expected in the third quarter.
To determine the optimal approach for developing stacked-pay intervals in the Meramec, the firm is participating in several additional spacing pilots during the remainder of the year.

The spacing pilots are focused in the overpressured oil window, testing up to eight wells per section in a single Meramec interval and evaluating the joint development of multiple stacked-pay intervals through staggered well pilots.
The firm expects to start full-field development in 2017.
User avatar
ROCKMAN
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 11397
Joined: Tue 27 May 2008, 03:00:00
Location: TEXAS

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby rockdoc123 » Tue 19 Jul 2016, 17:32:09

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he STACK trend is becoming more interesting.


Interesting, says something about the resiliency of the North American oil industry. Times get tough but the good companies seem to be able to redirect their efforts to more profitable parts of the business. I wonder how much of that 5000 foot lateral is actually perf'd? Any idea of how many stages of fracks were used? I guess I'm wondering if this is a product of the quality of the reservoir or instead a product of the technology and methodology applied to the completion?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')dditionally as the pressure drops there's can be a tendency tot the reservoir to actually start crushing itself and destroying flow capability.


I would think switching to a silica bead propant rather than sand might alleviate that problem?
User avatar
rockdoc123
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 7685
Joined: Mon 16 May 2005, 03:00:00
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby StarvingLion » Tue 19 Jul 2016, 18:09:07

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')nd when a governement pays to extract its own unconventional oil


The governments everywhere are BROKE! and so are the oil & gas companies. They mean YOU directly get to pay for this money losing shit show called unconventional oil. What do you think the cashless "society" is about? Every one except the scammers are forced "investors" (bagholders).

The new technology gibberish of Shale 2.0 is a policy of obscurantism (the practice of deliberately preventing the facts or full details of something from becoming known). Trust the Technology Cloud (FOG) of Shale 2.0!
Outcast_Searcher is a fraud.
StarvingLion
Permanently Banned
 
Posts: 2612
Joined: Sat 03 Aug 2013, 18:59:17
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby tita » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 07:08:07

rockdoc - sorry for my frenglish. I was confusing 'currently' with 'actually'.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he shale companies are largely not doing well at this moment in time due to their success at bringing on so much oil and gas over the past few years. That is what resulted in the supply overhang and the subsequent fall in prices. They were victims of their own success. At the current price of $45/bbl there are a number of places that are still quite economic including parts of the Eagleford and Permian basin.


We can also argue that they were victims of a lack of demand for 100$ oil. I'm not talking about a peak oil demand here. But the high prices from the last 10 years induced some changes in the consumers behaviour. The car park in the US is more efficient. People use some alternative to heat their houses. In Europe, there is a trend in the young people to not own a car, or not get their driving license and only rely on public transports. And the global economy is in a very strange dynamic, with some kind of continuous crisis healed with debt and money injection. They were victims of trying to sell something that could not be afford.

The actual unconventional oil prospects are not more expensive than the actual conventional ones. Drilling in Texas, including the costs of fracking is probably cheaper than the Kashgan prospect. The rise of US tight oil is due to lack of cheap conventional oil. There is of course some economic production of 45$ unconventional oil. But not enough to replace the depletion of the wells drilled when oil was 100$. Any growth needs lots of drilling.

A situation similar to the one of the end of the 90's, where oil was cheap and E&P companies slashed their investements. The difference is the price floor where producers drill massively, and the nature of unconventional oil with fast development time (5% of global production in just 5 years is impressive). Oil is getting more expensive. The illusion is to believe that actual prices are going to stay for long while the production grow as usual, feeding the global economy.
User avatar
tita
Coal
Coal
 
Posts: 418
Joined: Fri 10 Jun 2005, 03:00:00
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby AdamB » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 09:27:55

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('rockdoc123', '
')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')dditionally as the pressure drops there's can be a tendency tot the reservoir to actually start crushing itself and destroying flow capability.


I would think switching to a silica bead propant rather than sand might alleviate that problem?


Cost appears to have nixed that solution, at least in the overpressured portions of the Utica. Instead what was developed was a completion plan consisting of a large slickwater pad, switching up chemistry on the fly to a XLink and putting in as much sand as the fluid will hold, for a very specific amount of fluid, and then tapering off to a screen out. I've taken to referring to them as "sand pills". Synthetic proppant costs too much, and the idea that is gaining ground is if you put that large slug right where you want it, the overburden can't crush it all flat. This also fits in with the idea of minimizing, or better yet, controlling half lengths, rather than maximizing them. The idea here is that you use the poor permeability of the shale to keep two zones of SRV apart, minimizing interference effects. They'll still be there, but there is no need to encourage them, and if this all works out right, you maximize recovery per SRV.
Plant Thu 27 Jul 2023 "Personally I think the IEA is exactly right when they predict peak oil in the 2020s, especially because it matches my own predictions."

Plant Wed 11 Apr 2007 "I think Deffeyes might have nailed it, and we are just past the overall peak in oil production. (Thanksgiving 2005)"
User avatar
AdamB
Volunteer
Volunteer
 
Posts: 11018
Joined: Mon 28 Dec 2015, 17:10:26
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby AdamB » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 09:33:22

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('tita', ' ')The illusion is to believe that actual prices are going to stay for long while the production grow as usual, feeding the global economy.


Who's illusion? Those who understand, or in the case of Rockman and Rocdoc, or have fought production decline their entire professional lives aren't the ones thinking silly thoughts or manufacturing up illusions to cheerlead. People who can't see past today, be they peakers or sheeple, will fall for any nonsense, and to them it isn't an illusion, just run of the mill ignorance of how the world, and this particular industry, works.
Plant Thu 27 Jul 2023 "Personally I think the IEA is exactly right when they predict peak oil in the 2020s, especially because it matches my own predictions."

Plant Wed 11 Apr 2007 "I think Deffeyes might have nailed it, and we are just past the overall peak in oil production. (Thanksgiving 2005)"
User avatar
AdamB
Volunteer
Volunteer
 
Posts: 11018
Joined: Mon 28 Dec 2015, 17:10:26
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby kublikhan » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 12:07:27

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('tita', 'W')e can also argue that they were victims of a lack of demand for 100$ oil. I'm not talking about a peak oil demand here. But the high prices from the last 10 years induced some changes in the consumers behaviour. The car park in the US is more efficient. People use some alternative to heat their houses. In Europe, there is a trend in the young people to not own a car, or not get their driving license and only rely on public transports. And the global economy is in a very strange dynamic, with some kind of continuous crisis healed with debt and money injection. They were victims of trying to sell something that could not be afford.
But globally oil demand kept growing even with oil at $100. Just not fast enough to absorb all of the new supply coming online. It's not like oil hit $100 and the global market said "Screw that! I'm not paying that!" Sure some in Europe or the US said that. But those voices were overwhelmed buy new consumption coming online in Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, etc. However you can't just dump infinite amounts of supply onto a market and expect demand to change to absorb all that new supply overnight.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U').S. crude output rose from 5.5 million barrels per day in 2010 to 9.2 million barrels as 2016 began, an increase of 3.7 million barrels per day in what can only be considered the relative blink of an eye.

U.S. and Canadian producers were adding millions of barrels a day in new production to world markets at a time when global demand was incapable of absorbing so much extra crude oil. An unexpected surge in Iraqi production added additional crude to the growing glut. Meanwhile, economic malaise in China and Europe kept global oil consumption from climbing at the heady pace of earlier years and so the market became oversaturated with crude. It was, in other words, a classic case of too much supply, too little demand, and falling prices. “We are still seeing a lot of supply,” said BP’s Dudley last June. “There is demand growth, there’s just a lot more supply.”
The Irony of Oil Abundance: Way Too Much Supply, Not Enough Demand
The oil barrel is half-full.
User avatar
kublikhan
Master Prognosticator
Master Prognosticator
 
Posts: 5064
Joined: Tue 06 Nov 2007, 04:00:00
Location: Illinois
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby kublikhan » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 12:34:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', 'O')il demand in countries all over the world (including Europe) is in decline.
Incorrect. Oil demand all over the world (including Europe) is rising:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'D')espite ongoing economic gloom and higher temperatures, European oil product demand continues to surprise to the upside. In 1Q16, OECD European demand averaged 13.6 mb/d, up by 180 kb/d on the year earlier. Lower oil prices and some slightly more positive economic news particularly stimulated industrial oil use. European residual fuel oil demand rose by 55 kb/d y-o-y in 1Q16, with sizeable gains also seen in gasoil/diesel, LPG (includes ethane), naphtha and jet/kerosene demand.

For 2016 as a whole, OECD deliveries are forecast to total 46.3 mb/d, up 145 kb/d y-o-y or 0.3%.

Global oil demand in 1Q16 has been revised upwards to 1.6 mb/d and for 2016 growth will now be 1.3 mb/d. In 2017 we will see the same rate of growth and global demand will reach 97.4 mb/d. Non-OECD nations will provide most of the expected gains in both years. The growth rate is slightly above the previous trend, mostly due to relatively low crude oil prices.
OMR - Current Report
The oil barrel is half-full.
User avatar
kublikhan
Master Prognosticator
Master Prognosticator
 
Posts: 5064
Joined: Tue 06 Nov 2007, 04:00:00
Location: Illinois
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby AdamB » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 15:01:08

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', '
')Where did you cull that from Adam?


Dinner with completion engineers doing it.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', '
')You seem to pull off-the-wall stuff out of thin air.


I do get around. Who else could have I found something this funny found out in podunk Pennsylvania?

Image

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', '
')I couldn't find any reference.


How many completion engineers working the Utica did you talk to?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', '
')$100/barrel found no new major shale plays anywhere. (No rock, Argentina's 7,000 b/d Vaca Muerta does not count) And those supposed shut-in wells? They should be pumping again . . . out of cash-flow desperation?


$100/bbl didn't find the Eagle Ford, Marcellus, New Albany, Antrim, Devonian in general, Bakken or any other of the shales either. They were found way back when oil was like $1-$10. You do understand that folks have been studying the production potential of these things longer than there were peakers around to claim that they hadn't been found, right?

Start here, and then realize that producing shale gas and oil was going on for a century before the DOE was formed to invest money in things like this to study it.

http://www.netl.doe.gov/kmd/cds/disk7/d ... Report.pdf
Plant Thu 27 Jul 2023 "Personally I think the IEA is exactly right when they predict peak oil in the 2020s, especially because it matches my own predictions."

Plant Wed 11 Apr 2007 "I think Deffeyes might have nailed it, and we are just past the overall peak in oil production. (Thanksgiving 2005)"
User avatar
AdamB
Volunteer
Volunteer
 
Posts: 11018
Joined: Mon 28 Dec 2015, 17:10:26
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby AdamB » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 15:09:43

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', 'H')ere in the US we spent the last of our economy, rusting infrastructure and heavy industry on making tight-shale pipe strings. Our roads cities bridges and culture continues its long decline. Oil demand in countries all over the world (including Europe) is in decline.


Peak demand is a good thing. Surprised you aren't cheering from the tree tops. And real energy experts agree with you peak demand is soon to arrive. And she and my wife both EV off to work in the same kind of car (got my aunt to buy one just last weekend, she goes 5 days of puttering around town on a single charge), the women being the real drivers of why oil just doesn't matter much.

Here is said energy expert and peak demand:

http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-the-wor ... 1430881507

and here is the kind of gas/electric hybrid she drives. You should ask your wife if she wants to join the legions of female progressives pstarr, rather than celebrating the death of poor ocean animals.

Image


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', '
')So two very wealthy countries (US and China) have propped up the last of the high-hanging oil plays, tar and shale. But it's over. Really


That's what you and plenty of others said last time. And undoubtedly the times before that as well. You figure if you keep repeating it, you can change the history of how it didn't? And isn't now?
Plant Thu 27 Jul 2023 "Personally I think the IEA is exactly right when they predict peak oil in the 2020s, especially because it matches my own predictions."

Plant Wed 11 Apr 2007 "I think Deffeyes might have nailed it, and we are just past the overall peak in oil production. (Thanksgiving 2005)"
User avatar
AdamB
Volunteer
Volunteer
 
Posts: 11018
Joined: Mon 28 Dec 2015, 17:10:26
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby ennui2 » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 15:22:11

PStarr can't abide EVs not because he's anti-environment but because it would prop up the happy motoring lifestyle, which he abhorrs. That narrative was easy to hold onto back in the "Who Killed the Electric Car" days because you could say it's the "End of Suburbia" AND sling tinfoil about the car companies being anti-EV. Now that EVs are here it's necessary to FUD them the same way paid oil-industry shills do. As they say, common enemies make for strange bedfellows.

Image

If he can't convince people to voluntarily leave suburbia and usher in a "World Made by Hand" then maybe he can body-english doom to compel people to give that lifestyle up against their will. But bitterness over other people's lifestyle is the fuel that drives his rhetoric, day in and day out.
"If the oil price crosses above the Etp maximum oil price curve within the next month, I will leave the forum." --SumYunGai (9/21/2016)
User avatar
ennui2
Permanently Banned
 
Posts: 3920
Joined: Tue 20 Sep 2011, 10:37:02
Location: Not on Homeworld

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby rockdoc123 » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 15:57:43

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'h')ere in the US we spent the last of our economy, rusting infrastructure and heavy industry on making tight-shale pipe strings.

Ignoring the melodrama the reality is on a $3 MM dollar horizontal well the casing cost would be in the order of ~$150K assuming it was normal spec steel. From 2011 to 2015 a little over 200,000 wells were drilled and completed in the US which would amount to ~$31 billion in spending. Sounds like a lot but in 2015 the US gov’t took in $2 trillion in tax revenues and spent $229 billion to service the debt. In 2015 gov’t spending on International Affairs was $40 billion. Hence an average per year spend of around $6 billion on casing is hardly the reason to imagine the US has been bankrupted.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')il demand in countries all over the world (including Europe) is in decline.

As pointed out demand is not declining all over the world, it is increasing albeit at a slower rate than was anticipated prior to oil price drop

From the BP annual report
Image
User avatar
rockdoc123
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 7685
Joined: Mon 16 May 2005, 03:00:00
Top

Re: America now has more untapped oil than any other country

Unread postby AdamB » Wed 20 Jul 2016, 23:58:16

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ennui2', 'P')Starr can't abide EVs not because he's anti-environment but because it would prop up the happy motoring lifestyle, which he abhorrs.


So he doesn't drive a car? Good for him, because those who whine about the benefits of petrochemicals while utilizing them the same as everyone else are the worst kind of hypocrites. Remember when early Prius adopters were chided for their nose in the air superiority because of their environmentally superior transport choices? Turns out, they deserved accolades, and in order to sell that feeling of superiority to others, the market developed even BETTER motoring products. And Amy happens to drive one, putting her in a different class than most everyone else except those without cars.

So if pstarr can live with automobiles then good for him...and lets hope he figures out how to post without using plastic in his computer, because if he can figure that one out, he might truly be the new breed of nose in the air snooty for being green.

Of course...if he is just another car driving, synthetic fiber wearing, using coal or natural gas to heat or cool or create electricity for his house...well...

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ennui2', '
')If he can't convince people to voluntarily leave suburbia and usher in a "World Made by Hand" then maybe he can body-english doom to compel people to give that lifestyle up against their will. But bitterness over other people's lifestyle is the fuel that drives his rhetoric, day in and day out.


Well, while the pictures of Sara crowing from atop the carcass of a beautiful ocean animal are a bit disconcerting, there is no reason to completely dismiss pstarr because of the feelings of his wife, perhaps he is trying to convert her to his non-fossil fuel lifestyle? Maybe she is a project, his way fo atoning for his past fossil fuel use by saving the environment one person at a time?
Plant Thu 27 Jul 2023 "Personally I think the IEA is exactly right when they predict peak oil in the 2020s, especially because it matches my own predictions."

Plant Wed 11 Apr 2007 "I think Deffeyes might have nailed it, and we are just past the overall peak in oil production. (Thanksgiving 2005)"
User avatar
AdamB
Volunteer
Volunteer
 
Posts: 11018
Joined: Mon 28 Dec 2015, 17:10:26
Top

PreviousNext

Return to Peak Oil Discussion

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests

cron