by virgincrude » Wed 12 Nov 2008, 07:11:35
Tyler_JC, you claim I may have missed the point by saying, as others here have done, that the US can simply print its way out of debt, and that therefore, the US is good for all outstanding debt. I understand that the US can freely print as many dollars as it sees fit, and I think you're getting at the crux of the problem which is to say that the face value of those dollars will suffice to pay off the debt. Can you see how unlikely this is as a solution? The dollar will, (at the very least: i.e barring the introduction of some 'new' currency) be further devalued so as to make the actual printed $5.- bill worth only cents. Not its face value.
As mentioned in the article, printing your way out of debt is not a serious solution.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'D')efault is the failure to honour contractual obligations; in the case of debt, non-payment of interest or principal payments due to the lender. The financial impact of default is the loss suffered by the lender.
Lenders to the United States (“US”) government have already suffered significant losses. The losses have not been from non-payment but because repayments have been in a constantly debased currency – the dollar.
Assume a Japanese investor bought 30 year US Treasury bond in 1985 when the $/ yen exchange rate was $1 = Yen 250. Based on an exchange rate of $1 = Yen 105, the investor has lost 58% of the investment. The investor can take comfort that at the low of $1=Yen 84, the investor would have lost 66%. European investors who bought US government bonds in recent years would have also suffered significant losses. Based on the highest $/ Euro exchange rate (Euro1 = $ 0.85) and recent trading levels (Euro1 = $ 1.56), the investor would have lost (up to) 46%.
Given that in a typical sovereign default the investor loses 50% to 80% of the value of the investment, the losses suffered are not far short of default. Despite “strong dollar” official policies, a case can be made that the US is in the process of defaulting on its obligations via a systematic devaluation of its currency.
You, and many others here, seem willing to bet your life on the notion that the US shall come through on ALL its debt. This is just a manifestation of American exceptionalism: it is actually too difficult for you to get your head around the probability that the US shall default because of the US belief system which states that America is not just fundamentally good, but is exceptionally good.
But anyone seeing the data, the actual figures involved must eventually come to the same conclusion: it is actually impossible that America shall repay even half of its debt. The article enumerates the various forms the debt takes:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')S problems are evident from other indicators. The US national debt as of March 2008 stands at
$9.4 trillion. This equates to over $30,000 per person in the US population or a little over $60,000 per head of the US working population. The US national debt has grown by $3 trillion (50%) since 2000, when it was $6 trillion. In 2007 alone, it grew by $500 billion, from $8.7 to $9.2 trillion. In 2005, it was 67% of US GDP, up from 51% in 1988. Prior to the current crisis, the Office of Management and Budget projects that total debt will rise to $12.3 trillion in 2013.
Of the
$4.7 trillion in private hands,
$2.4 trillion (51%) is held by foreign investors. Japan holds around
$600 billion (24%) and China holds
$500 billion (around 20%). U.K., Brazil and the oil exporting countries own about 6%. Middle East and Russian holdings may be higher as Belgium, Caribbean Banking Centers and Luxembourg (8%) may be vehicles for investments by oil-exporting countries wishing to avoid disclosure. As James Fallow writing in The Atlantic noted: “every person in the (rich) United States has over the past 10 years or so borrowed about $4,000 from someone in the (poor) People’s Republic of China.”
The debt figures do not include significant private sector debt (both corporate and consumer). It does not include “hidden” liabilities - unfunded public (Social Security) and private pension arrangements or unfunded medical and health obligations (Medicare and Medicaid).
In June 2008, Peter Orszag, Congressional Budget Office Director, did not mince words when testifying before the Senate Finance Committee: “…the
US economy faces the long-term threat of ‘collapse’ unless major reforms on health care spending are instituted in the coming years.” The federal budget, according to Orszag, is on an “unsustainable path” with health care costs growing much faster than the overall economy. Unless health care spending is brought under control, Orszag noted that the American economy faces crippling problems that “would make our current economic difficulties look tiny”. In July 2008, Richard Fisher, head of the Dallas Federal Reserve Bank, speaking in a private rather than official capacity noted that “the unfunded liabilities from Medicare and Social Security...comes to $99.2 trillion over the infinite horizon”. This equates to $1.3 million per family of four - over 25 times the average household's income.
The debt figures also do not include “off-balance sheet” liabilities - the approximately $6 trillion plus in debt and guarantees of the government sponsored enterprises (“GSE”) - Fannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association) and Freddie Mac (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation). This is supported by modest levels of capital (about $81 billion). In mid 2008 these obligations became de facto part of US national debt with astonishing speed.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')ltimately, the US may be forced to finance itself in foreign currency. This would expose the US to currency risk
inflicting near mortal losses on Citibank.