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How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Thu 05 Jun 2008, 21:35:53

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('BO', 'W')hat I find to be really funny though is the trotting out of the old dead horse, Papau New Guinea. I can't tell you how many arguments I have had with academics, etc. who always bring that up. Somehow, because tribes on Papau New Guinea practiced cannibalism, the other millions of tribes did too, how absolutely naive and simplistic.


Yeah man, P-NG is only the best collection of examples of isolated tribal cultures which we have. The basis for most comparative studies of tribal culture, given that anthropology is supposed to be an empirical science. 8O Not for [smilie=adora.gif] Quinn [smilie=adora.gif] and his followers, apparently. What do those pesky academics know, the Guru has spoken.

Given that most of the other millions of tribes have been extinct for millenia, it would make sense to draw conclusions
by studying the tribes which still exist. It is called the method of scientific induction. Admittedly itself a product of civilization, so perhaps we should drop it and return to magical thinking:

-tribal=good
-civilized=bad
-logic=evil
-reason=taboo

But I can see how the evidence presented by anthropologists who spent decades in the field could be so inconvenient for armchair speculators like [smilie=adora.gif] Quinn [smilie=adora.gif] .

Papuans have inhabited the Australasian continental island of Papua for over 40,000 years while Austronesians have been there for several thousand years. These groups have developed diverse cultures and languages in situ; there are over 300 languages and two hundred additional dialects in West New Guinea alone

Western New Guinea is home to around 312 different tribes, including some uncontacted peoples.


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Kind hearted tribal warrior. :-D
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby threadbear » Thu 05 Jun 2008, 21:48:07

From Jane's original post. This is the attitude I've been responding to, that I've been asked to reference. Tribal life, as BTU and Yesplease and others describe, isn't all Care Bears and rainbows. There is a world of difference between simple living and primitive tribal life where people bash each others heads in for sport. Why put them on pedestals. They're people. Nuts, just like us.

"I am spiritual, however, and do respect others religious views.
My view of a natural lifestyle also coincided with my love for all tribal cultures and their respect for nature and understanding of the world around them, how they live in harmony on earth and with themselves. When I first thought about it I thought to myself, “that is the real way we should be living in life, like the tribal cultures.” Every aspect of their cultures describe a harmony with nature and because we are from nature I saw this as the best way to live."
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Thu 05 Jun 2008, 22:06:28

Yup.

Regarding mass extinction, many scientists agree that the great mammals (a long series including the mammoth and many other) met their ends as species at the hand of tribal human hunters. 8O

Fifty thousand years ago, continents were populated with more than 150 genera of megafauna (animals weighing more than 44 kg) [1-4]. By 10,000 years ago, at least 97 of those genera were gone . Prevailing explanations include human impacts, environmental changes, and a combination of both. If humans caused the extinctions, it will profoundly influence our thinking about what is "natural", how ecosystems respond to different scales and kinds of environmental change, how long extinctions take, and conservation of species and ecosystems.


Anthropogenic extinction models, including overkill, blitzkrieg (rapid overkill), and sitzkrieg (fire, habitat fragmentation, and the introduction of exotic species and diseases), have been considered plausible because large animals were preferentially affected. Species with low reproductive rates, with which large body size correlates, were hit hardest. Almost all of the slow-breeding survivors in Australia, Eurasia, the Americas, and Madagascar are nocturnal, arboreal, alpine, and/or deep-forest dwellers, which is consistent with overkill models of extinction but hard to explain by environmental change alone. Survival of large, open-country, slow-breeding animals in Africa is an exception to this pattern that must be factored into extinction explanations.

On islands, humans cause extinctions through multiple, synergistic effects, including predation and sitzkrieg. Only rarely have island megafauna been demonstrated to go extinct because of environmental change without human involvement. Incontrovertible impacts of humans on islands have been cited as a potent argument that prehistoric humans also caused extinctions on continents, but extrapolation of extinction mechanisms from islands to continents is often disputed.

In summary: One of the great debates about extinction is whether humans or climatic change caused the demise of the Pleistocene megafauna. Evidence from paleontology, climatology, archaeology, and ecology now supports the idea that humans contributed to extinction on some continents, but human hunting was not solely responsible for the pattern of extinction everywhere. Instead, evidence suggests that the intersection of human impacts with pronounced climatic change drove the precise timing and geography of extinction in the Northern Hemisphere. The story from the Southern Hemisphere is still unfolding. New evidence from Australia supports the view that humans helped cause extinctions there, but the correlation with climate is weak or contested. Firmer chronologies, more realistic ecological models, and regional paleoecological insights still are needed to understand details of the worldwide extinction pattern and the population dynamics of the species involved.




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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Thu 05 Jun 2008, 22:27:46

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jane', ' ')And in OUR culture cannibalism is "bad" as are many aspects of tribal cultures, so does that mean:
a) we have to do that too?
b) its wrong because we say its wrong?



Image

Friendly cannibal. :-D

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('firestarter', 'A')ctually, pre civilized tribal life (tribes-gatherer hunters-- existing before civilization) was essentially ludic/peaceful [smilie=violent1.gif] , egalitarian [smilie=violent1.gif] , exhibited little if any organized violence [smilie=5zombie.gif] , was non sexist [smilie=5bullwhip.gif], non materialistic [smilie=eusa_shifty.gif] , had no conception of private property [smilie=3some.gif] , and existed in this general condition for some two million years. [smilie=sad5.gif]




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New age anthropology ! [smilie=eusa_doh.gif]

Courtesy of Lucis Trust. [smilie=laughing7.gif]

[smilie=adora.gif] http://www.lucistrust.org/ [smilie=adora.gif]

We EAT YOUR BRAINS Image

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jane', '.').. I guess I am a "naive" girl...
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby Elias » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 15:29:42

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'M')aybe some of them would have done it if they only could. Wait, some of them did it in e.g. Easter Island, New Zealand etc :shock:


Three points to make:

1) You're chosen example of Easter Island is hotly contended - the Little Ice Age has been held accountable anywhere from entirely responsible for mass extinction, to entirely unresponsible. Obviously people will always pick and chose facts to suit their own argument, but for me this is far too contentious to be considered a credible point either way.

2) You indicate (more) primitive cultures could/would have caused mass extinctions had they had the chance. I'm interested to hear your reasoning for this. Cannabilism (very rare) has been an overblown feature of this thread in the argument against primitive cultures - but it's now coming back to bite you on the arse. Along with methods of abortion and contraception, cannablism has functioned as a population control in primitive cultures (not for the fun of killing each other as you seem to believe). A stable population is an important part of a primitive (non-totalitarian agriculture) existence - where unlimited growth is not possible without destroying the surroundings. In a hunter-gatherer existence there is no motive to destory the surroundings, because the surroundings are your food source. This is equivalent to an agriculturist going around tearing his own crops up. To be horribly simplistic, the forest is the supermarket and the stock, why cut it down?

3) However the mass extinction on Easter Island came about, the inhabitants found living there were not typically primitive. They in fact lived by a process of totalitarian agriculture: "Cornelis Bouman, Jakob Roggeveen's captain, stated in his log book, '... of yams, bananas and small coconut palms we saw little and no other trees or crops.' " This is tantamount to the island being one big field of wheat - a sterling example of civilization, combined with the presence of the world-famous moai statues, another hallmark of civilization. Easter Island tells us this: if the mass extinction was induced by man; it was not so they might starve to death on a barren island, it was so they could practice totalitarian agriculture and civilization. This is such a clear example of why civilization IS the problem.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')ou are committing a pretty common logical fallacy. The fact that certain effects of tribal violence where lower than the corresponding effects of civilized violence does not mean that the level of violence was lower in the case of tribes. Violence is an intensive and not extensive concept (it doesn't add).

Civilized societies amplify the effect of their violence through technology, but that doesn't mean that the level of violence in civilization is higher than in tribal societies. It's only that its expression on larger scales is enabled by technology.


It's an interesting theory; perhaps technology does amplify violence. However, how do you explain primitive societies which are free of violence? While I admit there are primitive societies which are (by my own standards and moral compass) seemingly violent, there are many many more who practice compassion, equality, peace, etc. Like it or not, there ARE tribes who settle disputes with bouts of tickling, there ARE tribes who's closest word for rape is "he looked at me in a way I didn't like", there ARE tribes like the Huaorani who live within an "egalitarian social system", "does not know a permanent 'above' and 'below' nor does it know discrimination against women", where "leadership is assumed only in certain situations and for a short period", and where "once the prevailing problem is solved, leadership is relinquished." How do you explain away primitive people like this, who to my knowledge are the majority, not the minority?

In your posts following the one I've quoted, you sunk to all-out racism in your assessment of other cultures (plus, a sort of premature victory dance of smilies and dodgy captions). Granted, you can probably find examples of a primitive culture on the other side of the world, alien enough to me that I don't understand their customs and concept of morality. You may make me feel repulsion, and moral superiority over them. But then I'll stop, and assess the morality of my own culture; a culture in which our food is grown by slaves, our clothes are made by slaves, people die of famine and debt to statisfy some abstact idea of a global economy; a concept of numbers on paper, and figures on hard-drives in banks; a culture where our meat dies in factory farms. I'll glance from images of animals dieing knee-deep, in it's own feaces, having never known love or light - to images of an animal dieing under the sun, with dignity, with a spear-throw from a primitive hunter of the Hadsa, who then kneels to kiss his prey, and thank him as a "brother" who has provided food to feed his family. There is a universal morality - and every culture in the world practises it bar one. It is a morality that we should all be able to breathe clean, non-poisonous air, and clean, non-poisonous water. It is the civilized culture which obstains from this morality, which fails to recognise everything needs clean air and clean water. I'm sorry if you don't like scary painted faces, and the idea that human flesh is edible, but until civilization satisfies the most basic of moralities then you can get off your high-horse and tell me a better way to live than the Huaorani.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 16:35:02

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Elias', ' ')cannibalism - but it's now coming back to bite you on the arse.


What a great way to equivocate about the obvious. Eat any fresh human arse recently ?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Along with methods of abortion and contraception, cannablism has functioned as a population control in primitive cultures (not for the fun of killing each other as you seem to believe).


Someone must be dead before you eat them, so indeed war-based cannibalism reduces population. So do diseases, murder, wars, revolutions etc. A genocide once in a while also helps, the larger the genocide the better.

Great argument, man.

By the way, what makes you believe that I view cannibalism as a fun way of killing each other ? I mean, beyond your cheap stereotypes. Most cannibalism is ritual and magical as far as I know ---the search for power, the fear of death, sexual connotations also. Stop attributing cheap ideas to those who don't buy into primitivist ideology.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')owever the mass extinction on Easter Island came about, the inhabitants found living there were not typically primitive. They in fact lived by a process of totalitarian agriculture: "Cornelis Bouman, Jakob Roggeveen's captain, stated in his log book, '... of yams, bananas and small coconut palms we saw little and no other trees or crops.' "


Yawn. They were "primitive" and "tribal" by any reasonable definition of the term, unless you want to blind yourself in order to push a nonsensical agenda. Agriculture was known way before the agricultural revolution, people used it any time the population grew beyond what hunter-gathering could support. Happened quite often on isolated islands.

It's quite obvious that hunter-gathering is the easier lifestyle (less work), while agriculture is the harder. It makes sense that one would default to hunter-gathering in a situation where that works (high bioresources per capita), and to the latter when that doesn't work.

So on an island you'd be a hunter-gatherer until most of the game is gone (which happens if your population is large enough), after which you have to rely on agriculture and animal husbandry.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('btu2012', '[')b]Violence is an intensive and not extensive concept (it doesn't add).


It's an interesting theory

It's not a theory but a mere clarification of a basic concept. But I understand that conceptual confusion is important to those who want to push nonsense.

Just to state this clearly, I am not arguing that primitive societies are more violent, but that on average they are about as violent as civilized ones once violence is "measured" correctly. That's well supported by anthropological data.

The source of violence is human nature, and the solution to violence is education of that nature, also known as virtue. This has little to do with the form of social organization.

Btu
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 16:43:08

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')ou indicate (more) primitive cultures could/would have caused mass extinctions had they had the chance.


It looks quite likely that they did (see the great mammals extinction event). The only thing that seems to stop most of them is the lack of sufficient technological means or population numbers, i.e. the lack of enough power.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 16:56:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Elias', 'I')n your posts following the one I've quoted, you sunk to all-out racism in your assessment of other cultures...

Yeah, anyone who doesn't buy your claptrap is a racist. Done name calling already ?
It's always wonderful to observe the argumentation style of ideology pushers.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby Elias » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 18:56:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hat a great way to equivocate about the obvious. Eat any fresh human arse recently ?

No.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'S')omeone must be dead before you eat them, so indeed war-based cannibalism reduces population. So do diseases, murder, wars, revolutions etc. A genocide once in a while also helps, the larger the genocide the better.
Great argument, man.

I referred to cannibalism as a cultural norm - therefore culturally accepted as "good". I don't know of any primitive cultures which would accept genocide as "good" - whatever you decide to propagate. Civilized cultures however ...
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')y the way, what makes you believe that I view cannibalism as a fun way of killing each other ? I mean, beyond your cheap stereotypes. Most cannibalism is ritual and magical as far as I know ---the search for power, the fear of death, sexual connotations also. Stop attributing cheap ideas to those who don't buy into primitivist ideology.

You implied there was no reason for the cannibalism other than the savagery/ignorance of the people. At best, you were demonstrating an enthocentric standpoint on a cultural norm very alien to your own. The fact is, there is a practical reason cannibalism exists, and you and I can judge it as distasteful - but most indiginous peoples would probably say the same of our culture (biggest man made structure? a landfill site). You don't understand their culture, fair enough, doesn't make it wrong. Given that all the primitive societies (bar the few that practise cannibalism) would also be pretty disgusted with it puts us in the same boat as them. Even if cannibalism was "wrong", it doesn't discredit every other primitve society that would therefore be "right".
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')awn. They were "primitive" and "tribal" by any reasonable definition of the term, unless you want to blind yourself in order to push a nonsensical agenda. Agriculture was known way before the agricultural revolution, people used it any time the population grew beyond what hunter-gathering could support. Happened quite often on isolated islands.

Well, I think jdumars gave a definition of civilization way back in this thread which outlined exactly what he's against. Totalitarian agriculturists would have originally developed from tribal societies - so to your mind they'd still be primitive. When do I get to call them civilized?

It's also important to distinguish between totalitarian agriculturists (who rely entirely on that one resource, and kill off competitors and bio-diversity to maintain that resource and keep it their own) and part-time agriculturists, and the nomadic variety. They do not carry the traits of an inherently destructive lifestyle. Many primitive peoples maintain relatively small gardens and crop fields - this is not what I'm against.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t's quite obvious that hunter-gathering is the easier lifestyle (less work), while agriculture is the harder. It makes sense that one would default to hunter-gathering in a situation where that works (high bioresources per capita), and to the latter when that doesn't work.
So on an island you'd be a hunter-gatherer until most of the game is gone (which happens if your population is large enough), after which you have to rely on agriculture and animal husbandry.
This for me is the crux. Based on your understanding (and civilization's understanding), totalitarian agriculture is a natural progression from a primitive existence. Supposedly, humans don't stop growing in population until they've consumed everything around them and have to try something else.

Hunter-gatherers do keep their populations in check deliberately, and effectively. As much as I admire a lot of primitive societies, I think you do them a bit too much credit to assume they grow and grow using up everything around them, until when there's nothing left they suddenly develop a new entire way of living. That's not how totalitarian agriculture was born, and it certainly wasn't how it spread. The capacity for agriculture already existed as we know, and our total dependence on it snowballed as slash and burn agriculture spread (cut all the forests down); plus livestock needed protection (kill all the predators and "pests" off). That's how mass extinction comes about.

As for the spread of totalitarian agriculture; of course those cultures who did practise it THEN grew in population, making them more powerful and ever growing, needing more land (invading neighbours not for tribal skirmishing but all out conquest). It spread mainly through a process of invasion, and either incorporation or genocide. This isn't heresay, it's still happening. Look at primitive cultures of today. Their land is taken from them and they are told they should live like us. If they say no, they die out. If they say yes (working all day every day, who'd want to do that?), then land becomes part of the global economy - which of course it will one way or another. If indiginous cultures of today don't become like us by choice, why would those of the past. This wasn't some great liberation from a brutal primitive existence, it always has been and always will be stealing land and lives.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t's not a theory but a mere clarification of a basic concept. But I understand that conceptual confusion is important to those who want to push nonsense.

I was speaking about your idea that technology amplifies violence. You seemed to cut that bit out. As far as I was aware, it's not an academically accepted concept, but your own - it wasn't sarcasm, I was trying to be nice.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'J')ust to state this clearly, I am not arguing that primitive societies are more violent, but that on average they are about as violent as civilized ones once violence is "measured" correctly. That's well supported by anthropological data.
Surely, it differs between cultures? Some primitive societies are more violent than others. These sorts of cultural variations arise through the specific area the culture exists, and the factors it has to react to; adaption; and evolution.

What binds civilized cultures as one is that violence is common everywhere. All civilized cultures know murder, and devise formal laws and punishments to discourage it. However, there are SOME primitive cultures which do not know murder; and where, for generations down the line, a tribal dispute was remembered and the place named as "The House of Hair-pulling". Cultures like this one exist, why is it wrong to aspire to that?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he source of violence is human nature, and the solution to violence is education of that nature, also known as virtue. This has little to do with the form of social organization.
Humans are capable of violence. All mothers are naturally inclined to protect their babies, etc. I'm not a pacifist, and I'm not saying violence was ever non-existent; only that inward violence within a tribe is rare; as you would expect from any healthy family-like structure.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t looks quite likely that they did (see the great mammals extinction event). The only thing that seems to stop most of them is the lack of sufficient technological means or population numbers, i.e. the lack of enough power.
I still don't understand why hunter-gatherers would deliberately want to destroy their own food-source. Let's pretend they have no ethical issues with this. Let's pretend Australian Aboriginees got fed with up looking after the land, re-planting after harvesting routes, etc. Let's say they started living like, well, like civilized people - without the agriculture; destroying everything they come across and covering it in tarmac. Within a stable-population hunter-gatherer existence, why would they do this?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')eah, anyone who doesn't buy your claptrap is a racist. Done name calling already ?
I thought the way you portrayed primitive people as incapable of "progressing" to totalitarian agriculture was offensive - when it's only because they've chosen not to. They prefer the way they live. So do I. I also didn't like the captions under some of the pictures - I felt it was mocking their culture.

It wasn't name calling. If I said you had used a noun, it doesn't mean I'm calling you a noun. I don't think your racist, your attitude at that time seemed racist.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t's always wonderful to observe the argumentation style of ideology pushers.
By dictionary defintion I suppose it is an ideology. But I don't see how everything you're propagating is anymore exempt.

Something is extreme in context of where the world is "at" at that time. In the context of Nazi Germany, Jews being allowed their rights is "extreme". In the context of a culture which normalises deforestation, trying to save a tree is "extreme". In the context of civilization, what I have is an extreme ideology. In the context of a sane, healthy earth an ideology which advocates a finite process of species extirpation, soil depletion, and resource use - all the while poisoning the air we breathe and water we drink - would be considered pretty fucking extreme. Civilization is an ideology, and just about everything you've read, watched and heard your entire life has been "pushing" it.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 20:52:50

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Elias', 'I') referred to cannibalism as a cultural norm - therefore culturally accepted as "good". I don't know of any primitive cultures which would accept genocide as "good" - whatever you decide to propagate. Civilized cultures however ...

Some primitive cultures did wipe each other out.

Regarding cannibalism, I am more interested in the ethical aspects of that than in what's "culturally accepted".
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')ou implied there was no reason for the cannibalism other than the savagery/ignorance of the people.

Could you be so kind as to point out where I implied what you attribute to me ?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')t best, you were demonstrating an enthocentric standpoint on a cultural norm very alien to your own. The fact is, there is a practical reason cannibalism exists, and you and I can judge it as distasteful - but most indiginous peoples would probably say the same of our culture (biggest man made structure? a landfill site).

Oh, I did ? What is the "practical reason" for cannibalism, prey tell ? I am confused.
I am not concerned with what is tasteful but with what is ethical. Again you attribute to me beliefs and ideas which I do not hold.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')ou don't understand their culture, fair enough, doesn't make it wrong. Given that all the primitive societies (bar the few that practise cannibalism) would also be pretty disgusted with it puts us in the same boat as them. Even if cannibalism was "wrong", it doesn't discredit every other primitve society that would therefore be "right".

What makes you think that I don't understand their culture ? Do I have to accept cannibalism as ethical in order to understand cannibal cultures ?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')ell, I think jdumars gave a definition of civilization way back in this thread which outlined exactly what he's against. Totalitarian agriculturists would have originally developed from tribal societies - so to your mind they'd still be primitive. When do I get to call them civilized?
"Totalitarian agriculture" is a purely ideological term, a way to conflate agriculture with a word which has negative connotations. I don't see why agriculture needs to be totalitarian, or even that it was for most of history.

I am skeptical of definitions of civilization which are tailored to prove an ideological point. Let's keep to the accepted definitions of concepts and stop playing word games.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t's also important to distinguish between totalitarian agriculturists (who rely entirely on that one resource, and kill off competitors and bio-diversity to maintain that resource and keep it their own) and part-time agriculturists, and the nomadic variety.
Why do you assume that all forms of agriculture can be classed as either "totalitarian", "part-time agriculturists" or the "nomadic variety" ?

Can't one practice "non-totalitarian" full-time agriculture ?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')his for me is the crux. Based on your understanding (and civilization's understanding), totalitarian agriculture is a natural progression from a primitive existence. Supposedly, humans don't stop growing in population until they've consumed everything around them and have to try something else.
Actually I don't agree that "totalitarian agriculture is a natural progression from a primitive existence". I also don't quite know what the ideological expression "totalitarian agriculture" means in objective rather than emotional terms.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')unter-gatherers do keep their populations in check deliberately, and effectively.
Actually that's quite debatable, especially the "deliberate" part. The evidence presented by primitivists in favor of this
sweeping statement has been hand-picked from an unrepresentative sample. I don't think that this conclusion has much support from academic anthropology, so it is little more that an ideological belief.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')s much as I admire a lot of primitive societies, I think you do them a bit too much credit to assume they grow and grow using up everything around them, until when there's nothing left they suddenly develop a new entire way of living.
I was just making a trivial point, but I don't assume such a simple model. Of course the reality is much more complex, there are environmental, social, cultural factors etc.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')hat's not how totalitarian agriculture was born, and it certainly wasn't how it spread. The capacity for agriculture already existed as we know, and our total dependence on it snowballed as slash and burn agriculture spread (cut all the forests down); plus livestock needed protection (kill all the predators and "pests" off). That's how mass extinction comes about.
This whole grand vision of "totalitarian agriculture" reminds me of the Marxist "march of history". Little more than a sweeping fantasy without much historical support.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') was speaking about your idea that technology amplifies violence. You seemed to cut that bit out. As far as I was aware, it's not an academically accepted concept, but your own
Oh, that's simple common sense. Does common sense need to be academically accepted nowadays ? Technology usually provides more power, which can be used to amplify many things, in particular the effects of violence. Do I need to present the historic evidence for this ?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('btu2012', 'J')ust to state this clearly, I am not arguing that primitive societies are more violent, but that on average they are about as violent as civilized ones once violence is "measured" correctly. That's well supported by anthropological data.
Surely, it differs between cultures? Some primitive societies are more violent than others. These sorts of cultural variations arise through the specific area the culture exists, and the factors it has to react to; adaption; and evolution.
I highlighted a qualifier in my original statement which you seem to have missed. It seems that your comment is besides my point.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') still don't understand why hunter-gatherers would deliberately want to destroy their own food-source.
I didn't claim that it's deliberate, so you are attacking a red herring.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') thought the way you portrayed primitive people as incapable of "progressing" to totalitarian agriculture was offensive - when it's only because they've chosen not to. They prefer the way they live. So do I. I also didn't like the captions under some of the pictures - I felt it was mocking their culture.
I have no idea where you got this interpretation of what I said. When did I claim that they can't "progress to" whatever you call "totalitarian agriculture" ? Again you are discussing a red herring, and attributing to me beliefs and ideas which I do not hold.

Do you notice just to what extent you stereotype people who don't buy into primitivism ?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t wasn't name calling.
I don't see anything in what I said that could be called racist. Could you point it out to me ?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')n the context of civilization, what I have is an extreme ideology.

Here you have it. I am not concerned with whether this looks extreme or not in whatever context but with the fact that it is an ideology.

Ideologies are sweeping simplifications of reality, which support themselves by replacing the holes in our understanding with quasi-mystical, totalitarian beliefs. This sort of meme complex is intrinsically dangerous because it advises us to act based on highly simplistic models of reality.

I am against all ideologies, be they deemed extreme or not.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby yeahbut » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 22:26:47

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Elias', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hat a great way to equivocate about the obvious. Eat any fresh human arse recently ?

No.


:lol: :lol: my my, the questions one has to answer in the anthropological field can be quite intrusive, n'est-ce pa? :roll:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Elias', '
')I still don't understand why hunter-gatherers would deliberately want to destroy their own food-source. Let's pretend they have no ethical issues with this. Let's pretend Australian Aboriginees got fed with up looking after the land, re-planting after harvesting routes, etc. Let's say they started living like, well, like civilized people - without the agriculture; destroying everything they come across and covering it in tarmac. Within a stable-population hunter-gatherer existence, why would they do this?


Here's Tim Flannery addressing that very question during a debate in Canberra a few years back.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'M')y vision of them is that they're not Australian at this point. These are people who have come out of Africa, come through South East Asia, they've worked with the co-evolved large game fauna. They're exactly like us in every other way in terms of their mental processes and whatever. And when I put myself in the mind of a big game hunter in Java wanting to hunt Javan rhinos, I know what I'd be doing. I'd be doing magic spells and all this sort of stuff to slow the bastards down, to make them a bit less vicious - ceremony, ritual, that sort of thing, right. And when you come to Australia you cross that water gap and you meet something that's as big as a Javan rhino and it doesn't run away, it doesn't even try to defend itself. You are a god in a landscape where you've never been a god before. You can all of a sudden stick the spear through and if we can judge from megafauna like the elephant seals on Macquarie Island as they were on the 19th nearly 20th centuries, even then they don't run away; even when they've got a spear through their ribs, they still don't know what's going on. It takes these animals a long time to learn. So I don't think you need to be vicious in order to knock off these animals, you just need to be maladapted. You just need to have come from somewhere else. And I think that's what actually happened.


link

The concept of co-evolution is central to this theory. Mega-fauna in Africa that had a few million years to adapt to the incremental increases in the skills of early human hunters had a good chance of surviving, and indeed Africa retains more of it's large animals than any other continent. Animals in Australia, the Americas, the Pacific islands etc first encountered humans in their fully modern, fully kitted-up state, and consequently did not fare nearly as well.

Of course this theory is subject to intense debate and is far from universally accepted. That's why I often raise the subject of New Zealand- not just cos it's my home, but because it was the last large land mass on the planet to be settled, and therefore the effects of hunter/gatherers on the flora and fauna are evident and for the most part not in dispute. And those effects were devastating.

Btw, I think this is an interesting thread and I'm glad the level of debate has risen back up from that string of unpleasant, mocking posts a while back there. They added nothing and seem to have scared a few people off, which we certainly don't want(come back you lot!). I'm sure we can cope with other people having different opinions without resorting to that nonsense :)
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 23:06:34

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('yeahbut', 'B')tw, I think this is an interesting thread and I'm glad the level of debate has risen back up from that string of unpleasant, mocking posts a while back there. They added nothing and seem to have scared a few people off, which we certainly don't want(come back you lot!). I'm sure we can cope with other people having different opinions without resorting to that nonsense :)


Still smarting, eh ? I feel so sorry for your hurt ego... You poor thing :cry:
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby yeahbut » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 23:18:04

Ah, straight to the heart of my post...oh no, just to the bit about you :roll:... and you talk about ego :-D Anything on topic?
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Fri 06 Jun 2008, 23:37:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('yeahbut', 'A')h, straight to the heart of my post...oh no, just to the bit about you :roll:... and you talk about ego :-D Anything on topic?


Actually I agree with what you said, which was simply a quotation from someone else. :)

But we all know how hurt you feel... We understand.

By the way, I do find primitivists to be somewhat ridiculous, given what an absurdly idealized view they hold of tribal cultures. Statements like:

"Actually, pre-civilized tribal life (tribes-gatherer hunters-- existing before civilization) was essentially ludic/peaceful, egalitarian, exhibited little if any organized violence, was non sexist, non materialistic, had no conception of private property, and existed in this general condition for some two million years."

deserve to be lampooned.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Sat 07 Jun 2008, 08:13:46

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jdumars', 'C')ivilization is unsustainable. Prove to me otherwise. Explain how we can continue consuming more resources than are renewed. Explain to me how we can continue paving over farm land, cutting down forests, acidifying the oceans, extirpating species, degrading top soil, polluting everything. What does any of this have to do with philosophy?



I just don't understand how you can be so sure of such a sweeping statement. Civilization has many forms, ours is unsustainable but I am not sure of others. Egyptian civilization continued for millennia, so did the Indus valley civilization.

It's a bit glib to lump up all civilizations into a grand speculative vision masquerading as a theory.

I also think that people have a habit of looking for some "systemic" problem to blame, while most of the real problems they encounter are inside of them.

Blaming "civilization" itself seems too abstract and grandiose to actually be useful.

Also it seems to me that primitivists are extraordinarily non-objective in their descriptions of tribal culture, to the point of self-delusion or dishonesty. In this sense they behave like sheer ideologues. Their sweeping idealizations of tribal cultures are simply not supported by the anthropological and paleontological data.

For example, violent conflict between different tribes is rife in Papua-New Guinea, though intra-tribal conflict is usually resolved without killing. However, psychological intra-tribal conflict is also rife, in that sense tribes are much like extended disfunctional families. There is an awful lot of psychological manipulation, domineering, schizoid dynamics etc inside tribes. Totems, taboos, animism, shamanism, cannibalism, magic etc seem to be expressions of this psychopathology.

All of this is part of the reality observed by anthropologists in the field, which is somehow completely ignored by primitivists.

Btu

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Three independent cross cultural surveys of representative samples of recent tribal and state societies from around the world have tabulated data on armed conflict, all giving very consistent results. The results indicate that 90 percent of the cultures in the sample unequivocally engaged in warfare and that the remaining 10 percent were not total strangers to violent conflict.


Source: R. Keely, "Warless societies and the origin of war", University of Michigan Press, 2000.

Keeley argues in his monograph "War before civilization" that tribal warfare was often much more lethal than modern warfare, as far as death tolls are viewed against total population size.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Abduction of women is a common practice in warfare among tribal societies, along with cattle raiding. In historical human migrations, the tendency of mobile groups of invading males to abduct indigenous females is reflected in the greater stability of Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups compared to Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Case in point, "Mitochondrial Eve" is estimated to be about twice as old (140,000 years) as "Y-chromosomal Adam" (60,000 years).


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')eginning around 12,000 BC, combat was transformed by the development of bows, maces, and slings. [...] While there are no cave paintings of battles between men armed with clubs, the development of the bow is concurrent with the first known depictions of organized warfare consisting of clear illustrations of two or more groups of men attacking each other. These figures are arrayed in lines and columns with a distinctly garbed leader at the front. Some paintings even portray still-recognizable tactics like flankings and envelopments

The first archaeological record of what could be a prehistoric battle is on the Nile in Egypt near its border with Sudan. Known as Cemetery 117 it is at least seven thousand years old. It contains a large number of bodies, many with arrowheads embedded in their skeletons, which indicates that they may have been the casualties of a battle.

Further evidence of Neolithic warfare is evident in Talheim, Germany where archaeologists believe a massacre of a rival tribe was conducted approximately 7000 years ago. Approximately 35 people were bound and predominantly killed by a blow to the left temple. The Talheim site is one of the earliest indications of warfare in Neolithic Europe

The Māori of New Zealand are notable for the thousands of fortifications constructed to enhance a group's standing in the near continuous fighting on their islands in the South Pacific. [..] These substantial fortifications show that there was considerable social organization in the societies of prehistoric peoples. This is indirect corollary evidence for them also having been capable of conducting organized warfare.


Compare this with the following statement made above in this thread:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('firestarter', 'A')ctually, pre-civilized tribal life (tribes-gatherer hunters-- existing before civilization) was essentially ludic/peaceful, egalitarian, exhibited little if any organized violence, was non sexist, non materialistic, had no conception of private property, and existed in this general condition for some two million years.

Here are some examples of irrational tribal taboos, whose psychological origin is quite obvious:

Among the Guaycurus of Paraguay, when a death had taken place, the chief used to change the name of every member of the tribe; and from that moment everybody remembered his new name just as if he had borne it all his life.

After a Yolngu man named Bitjingu died, the word bithiwul "no; nothing" was avoided. In its place, a synonym or a loanword from another language would be used for a certain period, after which the original word could be used again; but in some cases the replacement word would continue to be used.

The Tuaregs of Sahara dread the return of the dead man's spirit so much that "[they] do all they can to avoid it by shifting their camp after a death, ceasing for ever to pronounce the name of the departed, and eschewing everything that might be regarded as an evocation or recall of his soul. Hence they do not, like the Arabs, designate individuals by adding to their personal names the names of their fathers. [...] they give to every man a name which will live and die with him." In many cases the taboo remains intact until the body of the dead has completely decayed, but until then the community must disguise itself so that the ghost shall not recognize them. For example, the Nicobar Islanders try to disguise themselves by shaving their heads.

Among the Kaurna and Ramindjeri tribes of South Australia, the repugnance to mentioning the names of those who have died lately is carried so far that persons who bear the same name as the deceased abandon it, and either adopt temporary names or are known by any others that happen to belong to them

Among the Goajiro of Colombia to mention the dead before his kinsmen is a dreadful offence, which is often punished with death; for if it happens on the rancho of the deceased, in presence of his nephew or uncle, they will assuredly kill the offender on the spot if they can. But if he escapes, the penalty resolves itself into a heavy fine, usually of two or more oxen.

The Nubas of East Africa believe that they would die if they entered the house of their priestly king; however they can evade the penalty of their intrusion by baring the left shoulder and getting the king to lay his hands on it.

In West Africa, in the woods of Shark Point near Cape Padron, in Lower Guinea, a priestly king named Kukulu once lived alone. Forbidden from touching a woman or leaving his house, or even leaving his chair, in which he would sleep, the natives feared that if he lay down no wind would rise and navigation would be stopped.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby pUnk » Sat 07 Jun 2008, 11:49:13

Whoa.

look at all the cherry picking going on. ( by the way- "essentially" doesn't mean universally for who ever cherry picked that quote of mine as proof that I somehow said WTF-ever.)
Look at all the double and triple and more posts.
Look at all the back slapping in defense of some argument that proves what again? That civilization is the best?
Ohhh. Look at all the scary photographs! That's proof enough for me that those are badd badd men! (Although having a camera present kinda negates primitivism I'd hafta say)

look folks. These are all the usual arguments I was referring to - Mega fauna, easer island, papau, mastodons. Blah, blah, blah. Yeah. We've heard this before. Actually I'd heard that shit and believed it way before ever even considering a different option. Remember- I was raised in this culture and have had to unlearn quite a few propaganda myths, some of which I still have relapses with because the indoctrination is that strong. Please don't tell me that y'all haven't considered the idea that scientists are propagandists as well. Science = monotheism.

Of course if you have something you wish to believe, you will find arguments to support it. But once that has been done, Look no further! Go no deeper! Besides, if this is about winning an argument, whats the point? Personal growth? Learning?

This is an agenda that is being pushed and has been pushed since well before the genocide of native american peoples to say the least. This is the argument that allowed civilization to commit that genocide- they were evil, inferior, cannibalistic savages , our way of life is best. Obviously, or they'de have survived. Jaysis. Keep drinking the cool-aid.

So hey! You win. Kill 'em all. And you're justified in so doing obviously by the lock tight proof that you have presented.

And while you're winning the argument, how's this way of life workin' out for ya? How's it workin' out for the planet?

If however, one wishes to learn, they will be open to new experience. If one is not, they will be immovable, stubborn, unreasonable, and defensive of their position. Thing is, almost none of us were born into believing that primitivism is good. We've changed our views. We already tried that civilized story and it's a killer. So we're looking for something that seems to have withstood the test of time to work well for not only our species but for so many others.

So. When the oil is gone, the power is off, if you're still alive, perhaps those primitive skills you could have been learning, instead of arguing the merits of tired old debunked "scientific" studies, will sound more desirable.

Thanks.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Sat 07 Jun 2008, 13:18:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pUnk', 'S')cience = monotheism


So many words... So little content... :(

But it's instructive to see how desperate and paranoid you become when you have to confront the actual evidence. Classical true believer syndrome.

The last refuge of those who have no argument is to attack reason itself.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'J')AKARTA, March 12, 2007 (AFP) - Nine people were killed and more than 150 hurt in Indonesia's remote Papua province after a murder accusation triggered clashes between tribesmen armed with spears and arrows, police said Monday.

A woman accused of poisoning her husband to death encouraged members of her clan to attack members of a rival group which her accuser -- and her dead husband -- belonged to, according to police spokesman Kartono Wangsadisastra.

Nine people were killed in the ensuing clashes between the Kobagau and Sani tribes and 154 others were injured, including a policeman hit by an arrow, the spokesman told AFP.

"We have managed to curb the violence, but as long as no customary peace-making ceremony has been held, it may well erupt again," he said.

According to tradition, a death should be avenged by another death or the killer's tribe must pay a hefty fine of prized pigs and hold a feast to seal peace.

Papua in eastern Indonesia is home to tribes that engage in elaborate war rituals to resolve disputes, with each camp taking turns to shoot arrows and throw spears. Around 15 people were killed in weeks of clashes last year.

More than 300 tribes are believed to make their homes in the province's jungles, some yet to have any contact with the outside world.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he Jakarta Post: August 3, 2006 (Mimika)

News of the deadly tribal clashes in Papua's Mimika regency shocked some in other parts of the country, with reports of the use of spears and bows and arrows an unsettling throwback to a bygone era.

But tribal warfare is still the accepted means to settle disputes for the seven tribes living in the regency.

The latest clash, with 10 people killed and dozens injured in Kwamki Lama village, Mimika Baru district, involved the Dani and Damal tribes. It could, however, have been any of the groups, with the playing out of the conflict following age-old patterns of a burst of violence followed by negotiations.

Kwamki Lama elder Philiphus Wakerma said exact rules governed conflicts, including that the battle zone must be limited to a specific area.

"A tribal conflict usually ensues from friction between two tribes or when a family member of a tribe abruptly dies," he told The Jakarta Post. "The cause of death is later determined through the traditional way of shooting an arrow in the air, and whoever is touched by the arrow is suspected of being the killer."
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby Elias » Sat 07 Jun 2008, 18:56:53

btu,

You keep ignoring what I believe are the strongest points people put to you.

You keep cutting out tiny sections of their responses and replying with an insult or condescending statement.

So what's the point?

You're obviosuly trying to score points, and "win".

This doesn't seem to be about learning or clarifying thoughts (of which any opposed to yours are called "ideologies").

It looks like a personal one-uppance.

Which I can't be arsed with.
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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby pUnk » Sat 07 Jun 2008, 19:07:26

Hi folks-

You know, I have only been a member of this forum for about a week. But. It really appears that people like to fight here. Is this true? It reallyseems trollish in that people don't wanna lose face so they just keep pushing rather than consider. They seem to be trying for a reaction. It's appears somewhat juvenile. There is a lot of name calling (which I might add is a luxury due to anonymity and/or distance). There appears to be little drive for dialogue. More like monologue. This looks like people just kinda taking shots at each other, talking at, or over each other. If I wanted that, I'd just get cable and watch Jerry Springer. Is this really why folks are here, to bicker, insult, try and get the last word, be clever, and witty(which admittedly I have regressed into but it leaves me feeling queasy)? So it seems that the point of discussion is nil. There is almost no courtesy or respect. The usual culprits of cheating at discourse are rampant.

I came here to participate in discussion, particularly on or about peak oil, and the effects it likely will have on all of us, and how we might deal better with it, especially after a collapse type situation. But there appears to be little to no basic foundation for actual discussion here at all. This is too bad, for these are important discussion to be having.

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Re: How my own observations mirrored Peak Oil...

Unread postby btu2012 » Sat 07 Jun 2008, 19:09:01

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Elias', 'Y')ou keep ignoring what I believe are the strongest points people put to you.


Could you please point out what important points I have been ignoring ?

Most of the points you made have been red herrings, and I pointed that out. You seem to have some ready-made caricature of "defenders of civilization" which you attack instead of addressing what I said.

I provided the scientific opinion of anthropologists that organized conflict is present in 90% of the tribal and "primitive" cultures studied. What is your answer to that ?
Last edited by btu2012 on Sat 07 Jun 2008, 19:16:41, edited 2 times in total.
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