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The Financial Bubbles (merged)

Discussions about the economic and financial ramifications of PEAK OIL

Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby steam_cannon » Tue 15 May 2007, 23:07:17

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('mmasters', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('steam_cannon', 'I') think gold will stray from the pack when the real instability begins and form a tremendous bubble of its own. India should be a real circus act to watch; expect tremendous celebrations on the upside of the bubble and mass suicides on the downside.
Thanks for the input! :) It sounds like it's going to be a real wild ride...
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Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby cube » Wed 16 May 2007, 01:09:43

I've noticed whenever the stock market goes up everybody cheers as if that's a good thing. However whenever the same happens in the commodities market most people complain.

interesting huh?

I think people/ general public should stop complaining and join in on the fun. 5 years from now anybody who didn't invest their money into commodities will look back with regret.

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Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 16 May 2007, 06:10:40

I think you have to distinguish between 'nominal prices' and 'real or relative prices' for commodities and their relationship to other assets - financial or otherwise.

If you buy into peak oil theory, which is actually a geological fact and not a theory at all then commodity prices are not in a bubble.

First of all we are in a super cycle that starts at very low levels. The CRB Index was at 183 in 1999 and again in 2001, roughly corresponding to crude oil at $10-50 per barrel, so this rally is starting from a very low base when you consider non-commodity consumer price inflation over the past 35-years.

This is being driven fundamentally by increased population as well as more consumption of almost everything. And the countries in former communist countries of Eastern Europe as well as Chindia and Asia contributing to international trade in a more meaningful way. This has lead to lower real prices for many consumer goods even if headline inflation increased, which not only stimulates consumption, but has caused their own living standards to rise and that triggers further consumption of goods & services. An extra billion or two of workers and consumers being added to the demand for commodities.

And in terms of peak oil and the search for substitutes like bio-fuels is at the moment not only taking land out of production for food, but as we suspect those lower EROEI levels mean this is making that substitute fuel more expensive and less efficient than the petroleum that it is replacing. Take 25% of your land out of food production and get back a lower EROEI and you can see how prices in real terms go up.

Metals, of course, are not only expensive to find and exploit, but also very energy intensive. This drives up the mine's break even costs. Either destroying the supply side of the equation as mines become unprofitable or fuelling inflation from higher commodity prices that. Either way there is a floor to how low prices can fall in the face of increased demand from an expanding world economy and more people.

Any recession is by its nature temporary and does not affect the long-term demand for commodities, metals and energy that is being driven by population growth and rising living standards along with longer longevity. Crunch time may come around 2030 when populations are still growing even as conventional sources of energy can no longer continue to grow.

However, in nominal terms we may see price swings of up to 35-40%, which would be quite normal within the super cycle. Long-term investors should face less pain than short-term speculators, so long as they are diversified and can fund their positions. But no matter how you slice it, if you buy the wrong asset at a high price you will have to wear it - like it or not.
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Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby halcyon » Wed 16 May 2007, 16:38:41

Short term (0-2 years): yes (overvalued)
Longer term (5-20 years): no
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Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby cube » Wed 16 May 2007, 17:32:19

I think the reason why commodities have been frowned upon while stocks are cheered is because most people think of a rise in commodity prices as being bad for the economy.

I can see where people get this idea. If commodity prices rise then that makes finished goods more expensive. And if YOU as a consumer have to pay more money for something then that means your standard of living is going downhill.

As a beginning investor one of the things that I had to learn....or I should say "unlearn" was the habit of thinking in terms of
good vs. bad

Investing is NOT ethics or morality. There is no such thing as good and bad, there is only right and wrong.
right == you're making money
wrong == you're losing money

The problem with thinking in terms of (good and bad) is you're going to always be betting on the long side, the optimistic side, even when things start to go downhill. This is where 80% of the money is lost in the remaining 20% of the time. Humans are naturally optimistic. (I'm talking about the general public and not the people who visit this forum *smirk*) They always like to think things can only go up.

But that's not how life works. In the long run I think the ultimate trend is neither up or down but instead sideways.

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Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby Mircea » Fri 18 May 2007, 03:45:44

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', 'A')nd in terms of peak oil and the search for substitutes like bio-fuels is at the moment not only taking land out of production for food, but as we suspect those lower EROEI levels mean this is making that substitute fuel more expensive and less efficient than the petroleum that it is replacing. Take 25% of your land out of food production and get back a lower EROEI and you can see how prices in real terms go up.


Nexsol sells for more than regular diesel, at least here in the US it does.

As far as taking land out of production for food, well, that's a purely economic issue. The fact is, the world over-produces food which results in lower prices for farmers. That might seem bizarre given that some people are starving, but food isn't free and some governments are just plain stupid.

Look back to 1984 when everyone is singing "We Are The World" because Eithopians are starving. The Eithiopian government could have bought $2 Billion worth of food, but instead they bought $2 Billion worth of MiG fighters from the USSR (plus spent millions more buying weapons and ammunition from the Czechs to prosecute its war against the Eritreans). The government had the money, but like many governments then and now, it just didn't spend it right.

As a farmer, EROI is not your concern, but making enough money to repay your bank note on the farm, the loans for all of your farm machinery, the cost to transport your goods to the co-op or market and the cost of seed, pesticides, fertiliers and electricity, gas, and water is a great concern.

Consequently, you're going to grow whatever brings you the most money, and if that is bio-fuel crops, then that's the way it shall be. If at some point in the future it becomes more profitable to grow food crops, then they'll switch back.
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Re: Commodity Bubble?

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 18 May 2007, 06:16:01

Mircea wrote:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')s a farmer, EROI is not your concern, but making enough money to repay your bank note on the farm, the loans for all of your farm machinery, the cost to transport your goods to the co-op or market and the cost of seed, pesticides, fertiliers and electricity, gas, and water is a great concern.


All your points are valid. But lower EROEI does have macro-economic impact as less NET energy overall is available to produce not only food crops, but also the energy needed to power electricity networks and mine for basic metals.

NET lower energy inputs from a worse EROEI mean less economic output. A small subset of farmers may benefit from higher farmgate prices for their produce, but their costs will be increasing for all their inputs too.

Plus add in climate change as well as soil erosion, salination, falling ground water tables and drought and you can see that yields might also be negatively effected - for food as well as fuel crops.

Farm income = revenue (yield x price) - costs (inputs)

If costs rise faster than revenues then it does not matter whether they are growing crops for food or bio-fuel.

I still maintain that farmers (collectively) will take a portion of their crop to use as their own bio-fuel in the form of ethanol or bio-diesel (as well as rely on the alternatives like solar already suggested), but that still leave less crop to sell and hence less revenue, but the same cost base (i.e. less NET energy & food from worse EROEI).

The ideology of food distribution has nothing to do with it.
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ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby AFO » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 18:19:45

http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/edito ... /0606.html

Has anyone thought of what the "oil price impact" would be if stock Market crashes due to sell offs above the 10%, by the end of 2007.

Has anyone done a study on 1929 & 1987 stock crash and how oil prices have responded. Whether consumption & production changed beyond normal means?

I am interested in your feedback
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby Tyler_JC » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 18:30:09

Oil consumption crashed.
Oil prices crashed.
Oil consumption recovered.
Oil prices recovered.
Life went on.

Or do you want me to go into detail?
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby ohanian » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 18:44:32

If you don't mind me asking.

What are the normal PE ratio (price/earnings ratio) for
stocks on Wall Street these days?

I think this would give me an indication of whether the stocks are over valued.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby drew » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 19:23:42

They're not even 20 to 1 which is still 'healthy' or 'cheap'! Not that that is any help to you.

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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby Niagara » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 22:22:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('AFO', 'h')ttp://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/laird/2007/0606.html


This is a great article for the most part. The one area I disagree with though is gold.

It's true that commodities like copper will likely crash in a recession, because copper is used to manufacture stuff.

However I think there will be a flight to gold, as investors look for a safe haven. This will be bullish for the shiny stuff.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby Cobra_Strike » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 23:05:10

Gold is a major industrial metal too, don't forget that. It might very well stay virtually flat even as other asset classes go into decline. However I would not expect it too do much to the upside.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby FoxV » Thu 07 Jun 2007, 23:31:42

well from this chart we have GDP dropping by a total of 45% from peak to trough during the great depression

So if 1 additional dollar of oil consumed for every 2 additional dollars of GDP (no link, but I believe it was Chenney that said this), is it fair to say that oil consumption in the US will drop by 20% or more in a 1930's style crash (which I think is a minimum baseline compared to the mess we have today)
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 08 Jun 2007, 04:10:18

With central banks around the world simultaneously tightening rates to fight global inflation, I think it is safe to assume that many of the bubbles we have seen are peaking now.

However, that is not to say that new ones will not inflate to take their place if governments run larger deficits (smaller surpluses) to counteract slower growth in the real economy.

I whole-heartedly disagree about gold bucking this trend. It is a hedge against inflation. If inflation falls, gold will fall. If bubbles deflate taking liquidity out of the market then gold as an asset will deflate as well. If ‘real’ interest rates go up less money will be allocated to gold and more to interest bearing assets.

Even if the US dollar collapses, destroying demand, the nominal price of gold as expressed in US dollars may rise, but its value as measured in euros, yen or yuan will not defy gravity and rise relative to energy, base metals, commodities and other assets as the price of those other hard assets decrease.

But that is just my opinion.

UPDATE: on global liquidity
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'J')une 5, 2007
RISK IS STILL A FOUR-LETTER WORD
Rarely have so many earned so much for so long.

That sums up the performance record for the broad asset classes. By almost any measure, the past five years have been extraordinary. Rarely has everything run higher, year after year, and posted robust gains in the process.

One might think that the party would be showing signs of age after such an astonishing track record. But as our table below suggests, momentum in its upward form remains the dominant force in the markets this year--again. Indeed, red ink has been banished from the list.

Debating how long red will continue to be conspicuous in its absence from the performance tally should be topic number one for strategic-minded investors. By extension, one can reasonably question how long the mother's milk of this bull era will last, namely, liquidity, which has been exploding globally for some time now.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby evilgenius » Fri 08 Jun 2007, 06:05:45

I agree with Mr. Bill. Whenever higher rates have been laughed at as an ineffective mechanism for controlling inflation those people's faces have changed expression quickly. The problem here, I believe, is that the Fed has not been looking out for the little people in whose best interests vastly higher rate rises a while back should have occurred. Instead the Fed has kept the game going for those of whom they are most familiar, the rich.

The important thing to ask yourself about the current fury of M&A activity is to whom does the profit stream go? It goes to a small group of people, doesn't it? Therefore the huge organizations now being formed are taylor made for what is coming. The overall size of those organizations can and will decrease, but their overall scope and market size will not. So long as the number of people enjoying the fruits of the large organizations does not grow they are an excellent place for a rich person to park themselves during a depression.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 08 Jun 2007, 08:24:45

Dr. Evil Genius,

I think that like Hunter S. Thompson witnessing the top of 'the flower power wave' of the summer of '68 in San Fran, which gave way to 'the winter of dispair' in '69, that each wave has its zenith, and looking back we always say it should have been obvious to everyone at the time?

The hostile take-over of RJ Nabisco; the size of Dot.Con boom reverse take-overs (i.e. equity for cash stakes) in firms like AOL-Time, etc. always, usually, sometimes, once in a while, signal the absolute peak from which there is only one direction.

This current boom of M&A activity lead by hedge funds and private equity will no doubt be one of those crests. They have been fuelled by liquidity by the truck load supplied by your friendly local central bank. And not just the Fed a la Greenspan, but also Asian central banks as well that have kept their own currencies weak with low interest rate for far too long.

This current round of over the top prices paid for public companies by private equity will end soon enough. Either central banks will hike rates or someday, some bank will say, no.

These are not really my own ideas. More like recycled. But reduce, re-use, recycle, eh! ; - )

But it is clear the current round of bubbles have peaked (I think in any case). However, we have to ask what desperate central banks and central governments might cook up to save us 'from the next fall-out'? More of the same?

I feel pretty good about being over-weight cash, which carries its own risk in an asset price bubble; over-weight euros over US dolars; under-weight in equity, except select energy cos. & truly global blue chips with revenue streams abroad; no bonds, not even floating rate or inflation indexed; and my own property, as an inflation hedge, but with only 'some'debt, which makes sense in an inflationary environment as 'leverage', but not enough that it cannot be serviced out of current savings and/or cash flow (in the words of Brillcream, 'A little dab will do you.' ). Sure I could get run over tomorrow. Actually in Cyprus, not unrealistic? But I do not own the shiny stuff. Would of, could of, should of, say, in the past 5-7 years, but then again a lot of assets 'outperformed' during that time frame.

On the other hand, I am not so sure about these leveraged buyouts (LBOs) that have taken on massive amounts of debt, which need to be serviced come high or low tide? My guess that some, but not many, will be high and dry by the time this tide goes out? Even some that thought they had it right...

....Hunter S. Thompson in his own drug-addled, stream-of-consciousness, psycho-political, violent way would have understood that only a few are left-standing at the end of the day.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby vision-master » Fri 08 Jun 2007, 10:13:15

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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby Mircea » Sun 10 Jun 2007, 20:02:57

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', ' ')The hostile take-over of RJ Nabisco; the size of Dot.Con boom reverse take-overs (i.e. equity for cash stakes) in firms like AOL-Time, etc. always, usually, sometimes, once in a while, signal the absolute peak from which there is only one direction.


Wouldn't you characterize that as a fluke? The Dot.Coms had no cash. Their debt-to-cash ratio was like infinite to zero. That's what made investors nervous. The smart ones got out and left the McTraders holding the bag.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', ' ')I feel pretty good about being over-weight cash, which carries its own risk in an asset price bubble; over-weight euros over US dolars; under-weight in equity, except select energy cos. & truly global blue chips with revenue streams abroad; no bonds, not even floating rate or inflation indexed; and my own property, as an inflation hedge, but with only 'some'debt, which makes sense in an inflationary environment as 'leverage', but not enough that it cannot be serviced out of current savings and/or cash flow (in the words of Brillcream, 'A little dab will do you.' ).


Think back to KRK's attempt to takeover Kroger's. Kroger's like many pre-Great Depression companies had traditonally carried massive amounts of cash. After a large expansion, Kroger's was heavily in debt and KRK came after them. Kroger's took some of their cash and paid down their debts, then refinanced their loans with more favorable terms and their stocks jumped up. KRK couldn't handle it and had to back off.
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Re: ARE WORLD BUBBLES PEAKING?

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 11 Jun 2007, 03:03:16

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Mircea', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', ' ')The hostile take-over of RJ Nabisco; the size of Dot.Con boom reverse take-overs (i.e. equity for cash stakes) in firms like AOL-Time, etc. always, usually, sometimes, once in a while, signal the absolute peak from which there is only one direction.


Wouldn't you characterize that as a fluke? The Dot.Coms had no cash. Their debt-to-cash ratio was like infinite to zero. That's what made investors nervous. The smart ones got out and left the McTraders holding the bag.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', ' ')I feel pretty good about being over-weight cash, which carries its own risk in an asset price bubble; over-weight euros over US dolars; under-weight in equity, except select energy cos. & truly global blue chips with revenue streams abroad; no bonds, not even floating rate or inflation indexed; and my own property, as an inflation hedge, but with only 'some'debt, which makes sense in an inflationary environment as 'leverage', but not enough that it cannot be serviced out of current savings and/or cash flow (in the words of Brillcream, 'A little dab will do you.' ).


Think back to KRK's attempt to takeover Kroger's. Kroger's like many pre-Great Depression companies had traditonally carried massive amounts of cash. After a large expansion, Kroger's was heavily in debt and KRK came after them. Kroger's took some of their cash and paid down their debts, then refinanced their loans with more favorable terms and their stocks jumped up. KRK couldn't handle it and had to back off.



Some have characterized this latest craze in private equity and hedge fund buy-outs, like the $45 billion take-over of TXU, as being NOT similiar to the Dot.Con equity swaps in the 1990s, but as being mainly cash-driven like in the 1980s. But both trends had their peaks and then retreated. Just like Japan's assault on corporate America had its zenith as well.

And this too shall come to pass... Once you start draining liquidity through higher interest rates then you start to attract more capital into interest earning investments. That lowers the PV of equity and other capital gains plays (FV). It also diverts cash away from alternative investments. While at the same time it drives up a banks' and corporates' cost of capital. The spread over LIBOR for corporate loans may still be extremely narrow, but the over-all net interest rate is higher. For example, 2.00% + LIBOR when Fed funds was 1% was circa 3.00% p.a., now 1.00% (half that spread) + LIBOR = 6.36% p.a..

I think the banks in general have been the smart ones doing the innovating through a whole barrage of dervitatives that have gotten risk off their balance sheets and into someone else's books. Who accepted those risks that banks did not want? Hedge funds, buyers of asset-backed securities, insurance cos., public asset & portfolio managers, etc. If I assume the underlying risk has not changed, just changed hands, then someone else is going to be left holding the bag if the liquidity bubble bursts. If I assume because risks were more widely dispersed, and yields were low as well as the cost of financing, then likely more risk was taken on (i.e. the cumulative risk is higher) making the system more prone to contagion than it might have been.

So I agree with your point that a large, well-capitalized firm will be in a better position to ride out a financial storm. However, in search of higher returns, many well-capitalized firms have been loaded up with debt by private equity groups, or activist hedge funds have encouraged management to do the same. These firms will not fair as well, so by default their shareholders or management either.

This may be why some firms decided to buy-back their own outstanding shares as well. Push up the share price making a take-over more expensive and less likely; decrease free cash flow making them less attractive take-over targets, and; consolidate shares outstanding, strengthening blocks of voting shares that senior management can control or influence. These Boards may very well see the writing on the wall, and they are in a defensive mode.

UPDATE: where is liqidity going?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hat caused the revaluation in the price of money? In broad terms, it's clear that risk is being repriced. What's triggered this repricing? Liquidity invariably turns up as a suspect. Mr. Liquidity is innocent till proven guilty, of course. But for the moment, he's been arrested and awaits arraignment.

Meantime, the court of public opinion will survey the evidence until a formal decision arrives. Exhibit A is the supply of liquidity in the global economy. But most standards, it's in amply supply, and then some. But for every action there's a reaction, which may or may not arrive in a timely fashion. Eventually, however, liquidity will have an impact and the debate about what comes next will be done.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are other measures of liquidity, and perhaps more relevant ones. But no matter which gauge you employ, the result is the same: the world is awash in capital. We know where the cash has gone; the question is where it's going in the coming weeks, months and years. Indeed, finding capital a home that offers an expected return that will beat the risk-free rate available is looking more challenging by the day. No doubt there's still opportunity left. But comparing that opportunity against the sea of cash-laden investors looking for financial salvation, frustration looks set to rise a notch or two.
LIQUIDITY'S INDICTMENT?
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