by MrBill » Mon 07 Aug 2006, 08:45:02
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', 'M')rBill, thank-you! My dig against economics is more based on my lack of understanding of it, however, I’ve always puzzled over how willingly economists dismiss, or severely discount, the impact of scarce resources. Many automatically assume demand will “create” them, or force the creation of an alternative. It’s like the economist who is locked in an air tight vault and says that because he demands oxygen, that it will be created. That’s why I said it’s detached from reality

.
Let us say your economist is not peak oil aware because he is looking at 'how much energy an expanding economy would need' without being a petroleum engineer or geologist, and not realizing that not only is crude oil a finite resource, but a depleting one with few alternatives. Okay, he is guilty of ignorance of peak oil, but does that make his forecast useless?
Let us say that today suppy of 85 mbpd = demand of 85 mbpd at $75 per barrel for all intents and purposes.
Now our economist buddy says, in order for Chindia to catch-up to the West their economies will need to use more energy in absolute terms. Let us say, 100 mbpd over the next few years.
I do not know if in the short term we can boost production to 100 mbpd or keep it there, but let us assume, no, 85 mbpd is all the crude we can exploit now given the limitations of our technology and known reserves.
Supply 85 mbpd cannot equal demand of 100 mbpd and not at $75 per barrel.
We have to assume substitution of stationary power away from crude oil to natural gas, coal, hydro, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, etc. even if it is at the margins and not a signficant portion of overall supply. Also, we have to assume some coal to liquids via bio-fuel production for transport fuels.
But bottom line 'latent demand' for crude is 100 mbpd even if supply is stuck at 85 mbpd. As we assume that crude is our preferred source of transport fuel due to energy per volume we can assume gasoline or diesel from crude will elbow out any inferior substitutes. So we can also assume any gasoline or diesel that gets made will get burned and zero excess capacity.
By simple extrapolation 100 / 85 x $75 = $88.25 in real, inflation adjusted terms as the new equilibrium price needed so that Chindia can continue to grow.
If Chindia and the world need 150 mbpd and supply shrinks to 75 mbpd then the new equilibrium price will be 150 / 75 x $75 = $150 assuming several things all of which you may argue about. For example is the price relationship linear or non-linear? What about demand destruction from higher prices? How scalable are any of those alternative sources of energy? Etc.?
So even though the economist is naive about peak oil and geology what he is saying is that in order to grow, the world will need a certain amount of energy, and if that energy is not available, it will not grow to that point and/or the price will be much higher. The forecast still has value, you just have to work a little harder to extract that extra information that the economist being human missed because you hang-out on Peak Oil and know better.
Here is a great article from Paul Samuelson. In it he questions the benefits from trade that many economists take for granted. He basically suggests that comparative advantage can be arbitraged away in an open, global economy, so that the terms of trade are more important than many assume.
Really, it is worth a very close read as he attacks some of the assumptions that he has defended over the years.
And getting back to your point, this revision in his thinking is an attempt to link economic theory to the real world. $this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and
Confirm Arguments of Mainstream
Economists Supporting Globalization
Paul A. Samuelson
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'S')o it is not that U.S. jobs are ever lost in the long run; it is that the new labor-market clearing real wage has been lowered by this version of dynamic fair free trade. (Does Act II forget about how the United States benefits from cheaper imports? No. There are no such neat net benefits, but rather there are now new net
harmful U.S. terms of trade.) Finally, the Epilogue will comment on the robustness and relevance of the spelled out analyses in the two Acts. Qualitatively my Ricardian theorems do for the most part remain relevant.