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THE Stagflation Thread (merged)

Discussions about the economic and financial ramifications of PEAK OIL

Re: stagflation - not likely?

Unread postby MrBill » Thu 01 Jun 2006, 09:15:17

Global liquidity, Asian growth and demand for commodities. A few sentences.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')n an earlier report on the topic of Asian liquidity and its impact on commodity
prices, we warned that a reversal in Asian monetary conditions could threaten
synchronised global themes ranging from property and gold to industrial metals.
Given the recent market action, we thought it worth constructing a composite
liquidity indicator for Asia (ex-China) which we can monitor over coming months.
► Synchronised booms across Asia have been interpreted as structural. Market
commentators often see skyrocketing forex reserves across many emerging economies,
particularly in Asia, as the structural result of outsourcing and increased exports
combined with larger US Treasury holdings from continuous currency interventions. Both
of these are deemed to be ongoing. Hence, the liquidity multiplier-effects of these huge
reserves are assumed to keep working too. We, however, think that the payback for a
protracted liquidity boom (2002-5) is now hitting Asian shores in the form of explosive
commodity and energy price behaviour – something to which Asia is, in turn, highly
sensitive. Inflation worries are making Asian central banks rapidly rein in liquidity.
► Our newly constructed Asian monetary conditions indicator declining. Although it is
a provisional indicator based on an unweighted aggregate of bond yields and quantity of
money measures from key Asian economies (ex-Japan, ex-China), our new Asian
monetary conditions indicator has progressively weakened over the past year. In fact, the
individual monetary constituents all tell the same story. Our charts inside show how an
entire range of global themes, from property to gold to metal demand, followed the
liquidity boom in a synchronised manner during 2002-5. They are now under pressure.
► A weakening US IT cycle and rising domestic Asian inflation not helpful. Had Asia's
real economy been in a position to continue accelerating despite tighter money, the
capex and construction booms which had been fuelling metal demand could have
continued for a while longer. Unfortunately, US IT orders data as well as our Asian export
model are signalling weaker external demand for Asia during H2 2006. This is a bad time
for central banks to be running out of monetary levers.
DRKW Research - Global Economics for Investors
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Re: stagflation - not likely?

Unread postby Ayame » Sat 29 Jul 2006, 07:42:29

Is the US undergoing stagflation yet? Someone said inflation was strong but economic growth has slumped, is that stagflation?
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Re: stagflation - not likely?

Unread postby Kingcoal » Sat 29 Jul 2006, 08:41:06

I remember the early EU being advertised as a "united states of Europe." There is a huge difference between the USA and the EU, however. In the US, once you join (become a State of the Union), you join forever. To cede from the Union will bring the US military calling.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby Tyler_JC » Fri 04 Aug 2006, 15:55:53

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', 'B')ack to fighting stagflation – I’m still not clear on why fighting the inflation monster is of a higher priority than spurring the economy and creating jobs. Plus, in a twisted sort of way, with the US’ extreme foreign debt load, doesn’t raising interest rates shift the burden to the US? Lower interest rates, and thus higher inflation, does tend to inflate away their debt. Yes I realize there are risks, but we’re in a pick your poison situation and don’t see why allowing higher inflation isn’t the lesser of the two evils.


FatherOfTwo, you are mostly correct.

Since the 1970's, the Federal Reserve has given up trying to eliminate inflation entirely. For a debtor nation, this is generally seen as a good thing.

They decided that a strong economy with 2% or 3% inflation is better than a weak economy with zero inflation.

That's why the Fed's "inflation target" isn't zero.

The balance between growing the economy and stopping inflation is too difficult and too dangerous to risk a zero percent inflation target. Moderate inflation gives the Fed a cushion against overzealous rate hikes.

The Fed sometimes goes too far in its efforts to stamp out excess liquidity (1929-1930 ring a bell?) and as a result, the money supply dries up causing a recession.

To be fair, the central bank has a very difficult job. They are trying to predict the future of the most complex system imaginable while only looking in the cloudy, rear-view window.

And we won't have Alan Greenspan to spread magic confidence dust over the markets.

Personally, I don't worry about it. As Greenspan once said:

"If the evident recent success of fiat money regimes falters, we may have to go back to seashells or oxen as our medium of exchange. In that unlikely event, I trust, the discount window of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York will have an adequate inventory of oxen."

:roll:

Nope, the Fed won't have gold or silver or foreign currency stockpiles. But we will have livestock...:)
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby jaws » Fri 04 Aug 2006, 19:09:14

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', 'M')rBill, thank-you! My dig against economics is more based on my lack of understanding of it, however, I’ve always puzzled over how willingly economists dismiss, or severely discount, the impact of scarce resources. Many automatically assume demand will “create” them, or force the creation of an alternative. It’s like the economist who is locked in an air tight vault and says that because he demands oxygen, that it will be created. That’s why I said it’s detached from reality :-)

An air tight vault isn't an economic problem, it is a physical problem. The vault does not obey the laws of economics, only human beings do that. When economists say that natural resources are created, they mean that what converts an inert naturally occuring substance into a resource is human demand. For example when oil was "discovered" in the mid 19th century, it was because a use for oil was discovered. Oil had always been around, and if at any point before in history it had been discovered people would just have considered it a useless, harmful substance to be cleaned up. It was the invention of mechanical power that made oil highly valuable.

It is what we do that creates natural resources. By changing what we do, we change natural resources available.

As for how rigorous economics is, all I can say is that it is a very controversial science and you need to make up your own damn mind as to what's true and what isn't. I've had professors who were die-hard Keynesians, and others who said that Keynesianism was voodoo. Those professors often swore by the theories of Paul Samuelson who famously predicted in one of his first books that the Soviet Union would rapidly overtake the USA economically.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby firestarter » Fri 04 Aug 2006, 20:11:20

If you take the best there is from all available economists, shake it up and pour it out you get

Image
Murray Rothbard


"Briefly, the State is that organization in society which attempts to maintain a monopoly of the use of force and violence in a given territorial area.

In particular, it is the only organization in society that obtains its revenue not by voluntary contribution or payment for services rendered but by coercion. "

-- Murray Rothbard “The Anatomy of the State,” Ramparts, Summer 1965, reprinted in Egalitarianism as a Revolt against Nature, and Other Essays, Auburn, AL

Man, Economy, and State
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby cube » Fri 04 Aug 2006, 21:06:30

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jaws', '.')...
As for how rigorous economics is, all I can say is that it is a very controversial science and you need to make up your own damn mind as to what's true and what isn't. I've had professors who were die-hard Keynesians, and others who said that Keynesianism was voodoo.
....
yup everybody must find truth for themselves in life.....even if they fail. 8)

Correct me if I'm wrong but doesn't Keynesianism economic theory state that stagflation is impossible? The argument being that if the economy is stagnating (high unemployment) then people have less money to spend. Less money == less demand for consumer products, thus prices cannot rise.

Of course we all know this idea is hogwash. The 1970's pretty much destroyed that theory.

I think we're going to see stagflation pretty soon like disco fever. Now that the housing boom is offically over or has been...consumer spending must fall. Since our economy is totally dependant on consumer spending.....expect the unemployment rate to rise. :-D
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby jaws » Sat 05 Aug 2006, 01:50:38

I stopped trying to understand keynesians a long time ago, sorry.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby Tyler_JC » Sat 05 Aug 2006, 15:25:30

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jaws', 'I') stopped trying to understand keynesians a long time ago, sorry.


Never forget that Mr. Keynes once said,

"I work for a Government I despise for ends I think criminal."

and

"In the long run, we're all dead"

We are in for some interesting times.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby Lighthouse » Sat 05 Aug 2006, 21:56:46

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jaws', 'I') stopped trying to understand keynesians a long time ago, sorry.


I consider myself more a "kid" of the Austrian School. As such Keynesians and I sometimes don't talk the same language even when we say the same ....
I am a sarcastic cynic. Some say I'm an asshole. Now that we have that out of the way ...
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 07 Aug 2006, 03:33:33

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Ayame', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', ' ')so I can only recommend reading Mogambo Guru about inflation. Check him out at dailyreckoning.com or his other haunts.


he has haunts other than the dailyreckoning.com?


Yep you can also find the complete Mogambo Guru HERE

Basically, if you have a healthy economy you do not need inflation to grease the wheels. But when the economy suffers a shock or starts to slow the inclination is to add a little liquidity. A little dab will do you. But unfortunately when you print more money you devalue ALL savings. That may benefit those who have assets that keep their real value, but they can only sell those assets once. For those on fixed incomes and that have no assets that appreciate along with inflation, they are poorer.

One analogy is the debate between old growth lumber and jobs in the forestry industry. Jobs in the forestry industry depend on a constant supply of marketable timber over time. Total allowable cut means you annually harvest trees as fast as they can grow back to maturity. That is the natural carrying capacity of the forest and therefore those jobs.

However, for the greater good of humanity we sometimes set aside old growth, natural forests to protect diversity and the integrity of certain slow growing species of trees. Let us say for argument, 10% or 100.000 hectares out of 1 million hectares. Unfair say some lumberjacks and their communities! We need more jobs. We need to cut those trees down. So they cut the protected area from 100.000 hectares to 50.000 and for a short period of time there are more forestry jobs and everyone is happy. Then they cut the protected acreage from 50.000 to 25.000 and well you get the idea. Pretty soon, there are no protected areas of old growth trees and the whole industry is forced to shed jobs because there can only be enough jobs to match the natural growth rate of trees.

So you can only harvest 1/70th or 1/50th or 1/100th of your acreage per year. That is total allowable cut. Anything more is inflationary, but it is not sustainable. No matter how many 'extra' jobs it creates this year, eventually you will have to return to the long run sustainable average.

The extra growth is an illusion and may be more painful in the end to cut back from 100.000 jobs to 50.000 jobs than if you would have kept it at 50.000 jobs in the first place. Keeping in mind that forestry is a primary industry and secondary and tertiary jobs depend on that reliable, sustainable supply of timber as well. If you expand above the natural carrying capacity of the forest, then those secondary and tertiary jobs will disappear and you will have more economic dislocation than if they would have never been created in the first place.

Another non-monetary economics example would be the Spanish fishing industry. Too many boats, too many fishermen, too many jobs dependent on those fishermen, and TOO FEW FISH! The extra jobs built on those imaginary fish that are not there are inflationary, they are an illusion of more jobs created and faster growth, but ultimately unsustainable.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby Doly » Mon 07 Aug 2006, 05:50:07

Mr Bill, I understand your forest example, but I'm not sure if I'm getting the analogy correctly. I will explain how I understand it and please tell me if I am correct.

My understanding is that there is X amount of stuff produced by an economy. The amount of money printed should, theoretically, match exactly the amount of stuff produced, so there is exactly the right amount of money to buy all the stuff that is produced. But what central banks do often is to print some extra money, to increase liquidity. But this is unsustainable in the long term, so you get periods of economic growth followed by recessions.

Is this what you were trying to say?
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 07 Aug 2006, 07:30:47

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Doly', 'M')r Bill, I understand your forest example, but I'm not sure if I'm getting the analogy correctly. I will explain how I understand it and please tell me if I am correct.

My understanding is that there is X amount of stuff produced by an economy. The amount of money printed should, theoretically, match exactly the amount of stuff produced, so there is exactly the right amount of money to buy all the stuff that is produced. But what central banks do often is to print some extra money, to increase liquidity. But this is unsustainable in the long term, so you get periods of economic growth followed by recessions.

Is this what you were trying to say?


Correct. Real wages or real GDP is what is actually produced.

Cost of production as measured in real terms + real value added in terms of labor & intangibles = real economic output.

Inflation = real economic output x increasing money supply
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 07 Aug 2006, 08:45:02

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', 'M')rBill, thank-you! My dig against economics is more based on my lack of understanding of it, however, I’ve always puzzled over how willingly economists dismiss, or severely discount, the impact of scarce resources. Many automatically assume demand will “create” them, or force the creation of an alternative. It’s like the economist who is locked in an air tight vault and says that because he demands oxygen, that it will be created. That’s why I said it’s detached from reality :-)

.


Let us say your economist is not peak oil aware because he is looking at 'how much energy an expanding economy would need' without being a petroleum engineer or geologist, and not realizing that not only is crude oil a finite resource, but a depleting one with few alternatives. Okay, he is guilty of ignorance of peak oil, but does that make his forecast useless?

Let us say that today suppy of 85 mbpd = demand of 85 mbpd at $75 per barrel for all intents and purposes.

Now our economist buddy says, in order for Chindia to catch-up to the West their economies will need to use more energy in absolute terms. Let us say, 100 mbpd over the next few years.

I do not know if in the short term we can boost production to 100 mbpd or keep it there, but let us assume, no, 85 mbpd is all the crude we can exploit now given the limitations of our technology and known reserves.

Supply 85 mbpd cannot equal demand of 100 mbpd and not at $75 per barrel.

We have to assume substitution of stationary power away from crude oil to natural gas, coal, hydro, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, etc. even if it is at the margins and not a signficant portion of overall supply. Also, we have to assume some coal to liquids via bio-fuel production for transport fuels.

But bottom line 'latent demand' for crude is 100 mbpd even if supply is stuck at 85 mbpd. As we assume that crude is our preferred source of transport fuel due to energy per volume we can assume gasoline or diesel from crude will elbow out any inferior substitutes. So we can also assume any gasoline or diesel that gets made will get burned and zero excess capacity.

By simple extrapolation 100 / 85 x $75 = $88.25 in real, inflation adjusted terms as the new equilibrium price needed so that Chindia can continue to grow.

If Chindia and the world need 150 mbpd and supply shrinks to 75 mbpd then the new equilibrium price will be 150 / 75 x $75 = $150 assuming several things all of which you may argue about. For example is the price relationship linear or non-linear? What about demand destruction from higher prices? How scalable are any of those alternative sources of energy? Etc.?

So even though the economist is naive about peak oil and geology what he is saying is that in order to grow, the world will need a certain amount of energy, and if that energy is not available, it will not grow to that point and/or the price will be much higher. The forecast still has value, you just have to work a little harder to extract that extra information that the economist being human missed because you hang-out on Peak Oil and know better.

Here is a great article from Paul Samuelson. In it he questions the benefits from trade that many economists take for granted. He basically suggests that comparative advantage can be arbitraged away in an open, global economy, so that the terms of trade are more important than many assume.

Really, it is worth a very close read as he attacks some of the assumptions that he has defended over the years. And getting back to your point, this revision in his thinking is an attempt to link economic theory to the real world.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and
Confirm Arguments of Mainstream
Economists Supporting Globalization
Paul A. Samuelson

Samuelson Questions Ricardian Theory

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'S')o it is not that U.S. jobs are ever lost in the long run; it is that the new labor-market clearing real wage has been lowered by this version of dynamic fair free trade. (Does Act II forget about how the United States benefits from cheaper imports? No. There are no such neat net benefits, but rather there are now new net
harmful U.S. terms of trade.) Finally, the Epilogue will comment on the robustness and relevance of the spelled out analyses in the two Acts. Qualitatively my Ricardian theorems do for the most part remain relevant.


Okay, just like your Samuelson & Scott, Introduction to Economics textbook in the uni, he is a little dry. Nobody said it would be fun? ; - )
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby jaws » Mon 07 Aug 2006, 16:29:04

Samuelson is a confused, ignorant, overrated former communist. Who cares what he thinks?
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby MrBill » Tue 08 Aug 2006, 02:43:51

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jaws', 'S')amuelson is a confused, ignorant, overrated former communist. Who cares what he thinks?


Well, I do not care what Samuelson, Keynes or Friedman say per se, but I do care what economists have to say because inevitably their arguments are seized upon by politicians and become part of public policy. So if we are trumpeting free trade based on comparative advantage, we better also make sure we have fair trade as well.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Tue 08 Aug 2006, 14:49:15

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jaws', 'A')n air tight vault isn't an economic problem, it is a physical problem. The vault does not obey the laws of economics, only human beings do that. When economists say that natural resources are created, they mean that what converts an inert naturally occuring substance into a resource is human demand. For example when oil was "discovered" in the mid 19th century, it was because a use for oil was discovered. Oil had always been around, and if at any point before in history it had been discovered people would just have considered it a useless, harmful substance to be cleaned up. It was the invention of mechanical power that made oil highly valuable.

It is what we do that creates natural resources. By changing what we do, we change natural resources available.


This still doesn’t pass the smell test with me.
I think you will agree that the peaking of world oil production is a physical, geological problem.
Replacing the energy lost as oil production peaks could be described as an economic problem, provided that there is:
a) a single or group of alternates that can be called upon to not just replace the lost oil but also allow for growth and
b) that deploying these alternates in significant enough quantities in the short time frame required, is feasible

If a) is proved to be false, would the economist still argue that it is an economic problem?
If b) is proved to be false, I would argue that this is no different than not having the alternate available for harvesting in the first place. Not enough energy = not enough energy and the economists dogma is that we’ll always have enough energy.

Solar is a great example. It clearly satisfies condition a). Yet it’s clear we are currently in no position to start harvesting it in significant enough quantities. No amount of economic pressure will change that in the short term, there are just way too many real world hurdles.

Now perhaps economics will force the roll out of as much alternate energy as is possible and we’ll bottom out at TodaysTotalEnergyConsumption-X%. If that happens economists could still say it was an economic problem. But if we’re using economics to drive how we direct our lives, and these economic rules have put us through an unsustainable growth spurt, only to fall back flat on our faces, then economics, as they are currently defined and implemented, is a fatally flawed science.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Tue 08 Aug 2006, 16:07:26

In respect to economy as "fatally flaved science".

Well, I hardly consider it to be a science at all.
In current form it is only a theoretical instrument helping to maintain certain level of order in given society for a very limited period of time (decades or may be centuries at best).

Should we get rid of "ethernal exponential growth" paradigm, than we could get rid of an absurdity element, which prevents economic theories to work for longer periods of time.

But with demand - supply I do not see much problem.
Unlucky guy locked in the box could demand more oxygen, and so what, if the price equals infinity?
That's all fine - he wont get it, because he cannot pay.
At least one consumer less to worry about...
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby jaws » Tue 08 Aug 2006, 21:49:09

Economics is just an explanation of human behavior. It does not create a society, it only explains how it will behave.
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Re: My brain hurts: stagflation (again)

Unread postby rogerhb » Tue 08 Aug 2006, 22:15:44

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jaws', 'i')t only [s]explains[/s] guesses how it will behave.
"Complex problems have simple, easy to understand, wrong answers." - Henry Louis Mencken
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