by Cid_Yama » Fri 27 Aug 2010, 09:58:02
US production peaked in 1970. The Arab Oil Embargo in 1973 by OAPEC (Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries), in retaliation for our support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War, and the rest of OPEC using the opportunity to pad their own pockets, demonstrated clearly that foreign sources would be unreliable in the future.
Carter, and everyone else alive at the time, was well aware. Remember, some of us were actually adults back then, and know exactly what transpired. I myself, worked for the State Dept at the time.
When Carter came to office, energy was the first thing on his agenda.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '1')977: President Carter signs the Department of Energy Organization Act, creating the U.S. Department of Energy.
Prior to 1973, the United States had no coherent energy policy. Instead, a number of smaller agencies, often working independently of one another, handled different aspects of the nation's energy needs. In the early years of the Atomic Age, for example, the military assumed responsibility for all nuclear-related issues.
The 1973 energy crisis changed everything. It was triggered when Arab member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries imposed an oil embargo against all western countries supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War. The embargo resulted in an immediate jump in oil prices (to $12 a barrel!), widespread gasoline rationing and the imposition of a 55 mph maximum speed limit. And it exposed America's energy dependencies and weaknesses.
The Nixon administration responded with Project Independence and the creation of the Federal Energy Office, the former intended to give the United States total energy independence by 1980 and the latter to manage a national energy policy. The energy program grew incrementally under the Nixon and Ford administrations, but remained diffuse.
Jimmy Carter had acquired a technical background in nuclear propulsion as an engineering officer in the Navy. When he took office in 1977, he proposed creating a Cabinet-level überagency that would consolidate everything energy-related -- research, exploration, conservation, production and disposal -- under its authority. The Energy Department would also be responsible for setting the national energy agenda and assuring nuclear safety.
Congress passed the act, and Carter signed it Aug. 4. The Department of Energy began operating Oct. 1, 1977.
linkPlease note,
Nixon imposed the 55 mph speed limit during the Arab Oil Embargo, not Carter, and that
Nixon's Project Independence originally set the goal of energy independence by 1980.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')t turns out that Carter was right after all.
He was right in seeking to raise the fleet auto mileage standard to 48 miles per gallon by 1995. (Even U.S. automakers admitted at the time that they could easily achieve 30 mpg by 1985.)
Jimmy Carter was right in exhorting Americans to turn down their thermostats, even if he did look nerdy in a cardigan while urging us to do so.
In his July 1979 speech, he was right when he said, “I am tonight setting a clear goal for the energy policy of the United States. Beginning this moment, this nation will never use more foreign oil than we did in 1977 — never.” That worthy goal quickly went by the board.
He was right to encourage fuel conservation by proposing a 50-cents-per-gallon tax on gasoline and a fee on imported oil — in effect, a floor for fuel prices.
Invoking the pioneering spirit of the 1960s’ moon mission, he was right to recommend a tax on windfall oil profits to finance a crash program to develop affordable synthetic fuels.
Jimmy Carter was correct, too, in setting a goal of obtaining 20 percent of our energy from solar power by the year 2000.