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THE Stephen Hawking Thread (merged)

What's on your mind?
General interest discussions, not necessarily related to depletion.

Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby SeaGypsy » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 01:46:15

Every 6 months or so this gets trotted out.
Here we go again....
IMO:
1/ Humans are nowhere near being able to survive long enough in space to make it anywhere even possibly habitable.
2/ Human spacecraft are infinitely slower than they need to be to make these ideas real.
3/ By the time such obstacles are overcome, humanity may already be extinct and will certainly have gone well past overshoot into dieoff bottleneck.
4/ We as a species have the capability to live here on earth for 10's of millions of years. Surely a better direction would be to enable this which we know is possible than to shoot for something which is most likely impossible. Once we have reached a sustainable platform for life on earth, we have millions of years to discover ways to get off it.
5/ If we are such an idiotic species as to overpopulate and obliviate ourselves in our natural environment (the Earth) surely it is better for the rest of the universe if we just stay put and die.
6/ These ideas are fundamentally insane and anti life; dressed up as 'the only sane answer' and as 'our only means to survival'.
7/ Even if some warp drive engine (ha!) is available real soon to get us to light speed, the descendants climbing off the craft in some other solar system will have been breeding for at least 10 generations whilst in transit. They will likely not adapt to gravity well at all, they will have patheticly weak bones and immune systems. They also will have to wait twice as long as their travel time to hear back from earth to their emails.
Estimates are that the closest possible habitations are 270 light years away, giving a round trip electronic signal a 540 year travel time. Rediculous in the extreme. Also through the journey no communication will be possible as the signals from earth would not be able to catch up with the light speed craft.
If the craft is not light speed but say 1/4 of that, then quadruple the travel time to 40 generations.
Then it is equally possible that another version of 'humans' have already trashed the planet intended for colonisation.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Sixstrings » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 02:21:02

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', 'E')very 6 months or so this gets trotted out.
Here we go again....


Indeed it does. I posted about it the last time around.

Hawking is correct as far as the very long term goes.. in the long run, we will have to colonize off Earth to survive as a species. But in the near term (oh, the next ten to fifty thousand years), I don't think extinction is as likely as Hawking posits. When people bring up extinction, I keep thinking about the near extinction event humanity already had 70,000 years ago. It was during a climate change event and we got down to 1,000 breeding pairs -- but obviously, we rebounded and became the planet-wide dominant species in a geologically short time.

Fact is, homo sapiens is a though dog to keep down. We have advantages no other organism possesses -- superior intelligence, language, extensive use of tools, and ability to make fire. Even when you boil our advantages down to stone age tech, we remain the most survivable species on Earth. Now add in all the technology we have now, enabled by language passing knowledge from one generation to the next, and I really just can't see us ever going extinct.

Bottom line, if pre-stone age homo sapiens recovered from near extinction 70,000 years ago, we're sure to recover again.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 03:06:38

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', '
')Estimates are that the closest possible habitations are 270 light years away, giving a round trip electronic signal a 540 year travel time. Rediculous in the extreme. Also through the journey no communication will be possible as the signals from earth would not be able to catch up with the light speed craft.

Any estimates, how far it might be to nearest habitable planet are pie-on-the-sky wizardry.
We simply don't know.

On the other hand you don't understand relativity theory, even the most basic premises of it.

Spacecraft flying at speed of light would get to arbitrary location in no time at all, so there would be no multigenerational flight even if destination is in Andromeda Galaxy.

However there is a snag:
Marginally below speed of light relativistic mass of your craft would be sufficient to cause its gravitational collapse into BH.

NB.
As per my opinion Hawking's ideas about leaving Earth are sci-fi Utopia.

We will go extinct regardless , did we move out or not btw.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics is an ultimate warranty of that.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 03:21:13

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Sixstrings', 'E')ven when you boil our advantages down to stone age tech, we remain the most survivable species on Earth. Now add in all the technology we have now, enabled by language passing knowledge from one generation to the next, and I really just can't see us ever going extinct.

What about slow oxygen depletion to 16%?
What about genetic degeneration due to advanced medicine?
What about degradation of Y chromosome? etc.

There are also certainly many species far more survivable than we are.
Nearly all microorganisms are coming to mind but there are also tiny, microscopic spider like animals which can survive vacuum of space for years, which can withstand taking a photo under electron microscope and survive on ocean floor as well as on Mt Everest summit.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')ottom line, if pre-stone age homo sapiens recovered from near extinction 70,000 years ago, we're sure to recover again.

Countless species went through bottlenecks like this, but:

"Performance of the past is not necessarily a guideline to performance of the future".

Ever heard that?
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Sixstrings » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 16:24:14

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergyUnlimited', 'W')hat about slow oxygen depletion to 16%?


I think current oxygen levels are about 25%. So what happens at 16%? How much time before it gets down to that level?

My guess would be that a 16% ratio wouldn't mean extinction.. there are native people living in the Andes who've actually evolved larger lungs to deal with the lower oxygen levels. This is why some of these South American countries do so well in the World Cup -- their lungs are better and they don't get out of breath as much.

Even at doom levels of low oxygen, I would assume there would be higher content in certain regions (low altitude). Weather is complex, so you could see bands of habitable land develop.

When talking about extinction, to make it through a bottleneck all we need is one viable group. With not much more than stone age tech, homo sapiens can live in any climate on the planet -- form the hottest desert to the coldest tundra. Pretty much everywhere except Antarctica.

Humans are living everywhere on the planet. So when judging the viability of a species, that's a good thing -- we're not limited to a particular region or climate.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hat about genetic degeneration due to advanced medicine?


That will be a VERY long term process. If we actually evolve dependence on medication, then that means business as usual will have continued for so long that we've nothing to worry about anyway.

But also don't forget that most people on the planet are NOT popping pills everyday -- the vast majority are dirt poor and don't live in the lap of luxury. Unlimited access to medications is a first world phenomenon, not the norm.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hat about degradation of Y chromosome? etc.


Sounds interesting, don't know anything about it, could you elaborate?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')here are also certainly many species far more survivable than we are.
Nearly all microorganisms are coming to mind but there are also tiny, microscopic spider like animals which can survive vacuum of space for years..


Well, I was thinking of large land vertebrates. For our size and complexity, no other species can match us on survivability. Just look around you -- which species is the top predator on the planet? With even stone age tech, other species just don't stand a chance against us. The advantages of language-enabled group coordination, intelligence, fire, and a few sharp spears is unstoppable in the animal world.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')i]"Performance of the past is not necessarily a guideline to performance of the future". Ever heard that?

Doesn't apply here. Modern humans have all kinds of advantages that the people of 70,000 years ago didn't have. For one thing, our ancient ancestors hadn't yet made it out of Africa -- so when climate change came, they had to deal with it right there where they were. So, being spread out planetwide as we are now offers a lot of redundancy -- when climate changes, it's rare for the ENTIRE WORLD to become un-inhabitable.

Ultimately, when thinking about the future the only guide you have is history. So history matters.. there is a genetic record of a human near-extinction event that occurred 70,000 years ago. Add in the geologic record and we can piece together how humanity has already once survived cataclysmic climate change.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Oakley » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 20:19:22

The idea that colonizing space to insure the continuation of the human species strikes me as absurd. Where does he think we could find a sustainable environment; after, all, the peak oil concept highlights our present inability to even sustain human life here on earth, at least the type of life that would enable space colonies.

As 21st century technology collapses from lack of energy to sustain it, we will be lucky if we can even stabilize in lifestyles akin to what we had in the 17th century.

We inherited and squandered the fossil fuel bank accounts, and now are struggling to even survive at our present level of consumption on what little balance is left, so where is the energy to fund space colonization, much less any of the infrastructure requirements of the inadequate alternative energy sources.

Dream on Hawking while the only real solution is dramatic and immediate population crash until our numbers are in balance with the ability of the earth to sustain us long term. The solution is not to soil and then abandon the earth but to live within her limits, and if those limits command our ultimate extinction from some of the dangers Hawking imagines, then that is the way it is supposed to be.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Ludi » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 20:26:45

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Oakley', '
')As 21st century technology collapses from lack of energy to sustain it, we will be lucky if we can even stabilize in lifestyles akin to what we had in the 17th century.


Extremely unlikely. In the 17th century the world population was less than 600 million, with virtually the entire New World to exploit.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby SeaGypsy » Tue 10 Aug 2010, 20:48:42

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergyUnlimited', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', '
')Estimates are that the closest possible habitations are 270 light years away, giving a round trip electronic signal a 540 year travel time. Rediculous in the extreme. Also through the journey no communication will be possible as the signals from earth would not be able to catch up with the light speed craft.

Any estimates, how far it might be to nearest habitable planet are pie-on-the-sky wizardry.
We simply don't know.

On the other hand you don't understand relativity theory, even the most basic premises of it.

Spacecraft flying at speed of light would get to arbitrary location in no time at all, so there would be no multigenerational flight even if destination is in Andromeda Galaxy.

However there is a snag:
Marginally below speed of light relativistic mass of your craft would be sufficient to cause its gravitational collapse into BH.

NB.
As per my opinion Hawking's ideas about leaving Earth are sci-fi Utopia.

We will go extinct regardless , did we move out or not btw.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics is an ultimate warranty of that.


I don't understand relativity? Light has a defined speed, which may be somewhat variable. It does not travel at infinite speed and time is a requirement for a journey at any speed. Can you explain where you get "no time at all" from? If you are talking quantum mechanics that has nothing to do with engineered spacecraft, more in common with mystic yoga.

Ultimately the sun will go super nova and fry this planet, this is a given. Also ultimately the entire universe will decay to the point of near enough to zero energy, leaving no habitability anywhere. In the 1st instance we are talking about hundreds of millions or billions of years, in the second of maybe much longer.
I have no idea where sixstrings 40 or 50 thousand years comes from.

The figure of 270 light years is pretty much arbitrary but is not a figure plucked out of thin air, it is based on observations of other solar systems nearby and trying to guess conditions on the planets in them. It is possible that arriving there would prove that another journey is mandatory.

Personally I find this thinking to be egotistical wankery in the extreme and a very sad indication of humanities hopelessness and readyness to abandon the reality we have for a fantasy we will never have.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby frood » Mon 16 Aug 2010, 16:30:19

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergyUnlimited', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', '
')Estimates are that the closest possible habitations are 270 light years away, giving a round trip electronic signal a 540 year travel time. Rediculous in the extreme. Also through the journey no communication will be possible as the signals from earth would not be able to catch up with the light speed craft.

Any estimates, how far it might be to nearest habitable planet are pie-on-the-sky wizardry.
We simply don't know.

On the other hand you don't understand relativity theory, even the most basic premises of it.

Spacecraft flying at speed of light would get to arbitrary location in no time at all, so there would be no multigenerational flight even if destination is in Andromeda Galaxy.

However there is a snag:
Marginally below speed of light relativistic mass of your craft would be sufficient to cause its gravitational collapse into BH.

NB.
As per my opinion Hawking's ideas about leaving Earth are sci-fi Utopia.

We will go extinct regardless , did we move out or not btw.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics is an ultimate warranty of that.


I don't understand relativity? Light has a defined speed, which may be somewhat variable. It does not travel at infinite speed and time is a requirement for a journey at any speed. Can you explain where you get "no time at all" from? If you are talking quantum mechanics that has nothing to do with engineered spacecraft, more in common with mystic yoga.

Ultimately the sun will go super nova and fry this planet, this is a given. Also ultimately the entire universe will decay to the point of near enough to zero energy, leaving no habitability anywhere. In the 1st instance we are talking about hundreds of millions or billions of years, in the second of maybe much longer.
I have no idea where sixstrings 40 or 50 thousand years comes from.

The figure of 270 light years is pretty much arbitrary but is not a figure plucked out of thin air, it is based on observations of other solar systems nearby and trying to guess conditions on the planets in them. It is possible that arriving there would prove that another journey is mandatory.

Personally I find this thinking to be egotistical wankery in the extreme and a very sad indication of humanities hopelessness and readyness to abandon the reality we have for a fantasy we will never have.


I would give Hawking some slack on this as he didnt say anything about getting to the next habitable planet. Its the biodome wonderland on the Moon for us most likely.

One thing about Hawking is he isnt saying what he really wants to say and thats not extinction by asteroid because asteroids are so 90s and contain toxic levels of Ben Affleck, he is just bumping up the need to get a serious budget to the space programme thats being cut to ribbons using his status. I would if I was him as it really needs it.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby AgentR » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 16:26:21

wiki has more info, but the faster you go the "wierder" time and mass get.

Its all governed by a factor: 1/ SQRT(1 - v^2/c^2); ie, when you get v very close to c, this factor goes to infinity. Making it impossible for any object with mass to reach the speed of light.

More exact explanation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_special_relativity

And yes, this stuff has been generally (pun o matic) observed in real world experiments.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby AgentR » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 16:44:23

On the space budget...

I have been an opponent of manned flight for quite some time, and yet I find myself distressed by the notion that the US is about to abandon its manned flight capability. Yes, I understand that the new system was not sexy star trek looking stuff, but it was good reliable stuff that was likely to be much more cost effective than Shuttle.

Feels really odd. I ought to be looking forward to a science and space flight budget unhampered by the requirements of having to worry about Astronaut urine and oxygen production. Maybe its just too late, and we're on the verge of losing the capability to do any science at all, other than the mundane space flight needed to launch boring communications and observation satellites around Earth.

Hawking though... I think sitting in that chair has made him lose it, not so much in the knowledge department, but in his grasp of what the various nations remain able to fund and pursue. As debilitating as his illness is; if he clicks "Buy Now" on an expensive item at Amazon, it'll show up on his doorstep, and his paid help will drag it inside and he gets to play with it. Bob da Plumber clicks "Buy Now" and his bank will say "buzz off" and charge him $25 for the courtesy. The notion that not only are we going to give up manned flight, but may be soon giving up all significant space science worldwide... probably hasn't occurred to him yet. Bob's probably been thinking, "why the heck are we spending a hundred million to orbit a stupid camera, antenna, and pc around some dumb planet that will never be touched by any human hand alive today." To Senator X... Bob's got a point.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Ludi » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 16:58:06

As much as I love space stuff, I can see how some folks could get upset if we're spending bozillions sending some heroes into space while increasing numbers of regular Americans are becoming homeless. Not saying not having a manned space program is going to fix our problems, just, it seems a little rude to be sending heroes into space while not solving problems back here at home. Robots in space are much more affordable than heroes in space.

I feel fortunate to have lived through the Space Age, but it does feel a little sad to see it pass. :(
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Timo » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 17:38:19

Stephen Hawking has secretly solved the equation for travel at faster than light speeds, thus making the trip next door more palatable. The crux of this is that he's hidden that secret formula in his will. When he eventually dies, which i hope is a long way off, the world will be so excited to learn of his discovery. We'll spend billions and billions to build an engine capable of Warp 7, only to find out after a couple of decades that he solved the equation wrong. Jokes on us.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby yeahbut » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 17:49:50

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Ludi', 'A')s much as I love space stuff, I can see how some folks could get upset if we're spending bozillions sending some heroes into space while increasing numbers of regular Americans are becoming homeless. Not saying not having a manned space program is going to fix our problems, just, it seems a little rude to be sending heroes into space while not solving problems back here at home. Robots in space are much more affordable than heroes in space.

I feel fortunate to have lived through the Space Age, but it does feel a little sad to see it pass. :(


It is a little sad, I agree. Watching some of the space missions over the years has felt a bit like being at the start of a sci-fi story. Maybe there are some other cuts that could be made first tho- what's more obscene spending while Americans lose their jobs? 17 billion on the space mission last year, or 650 billion on the military? Maybe a few more excursions into space and a few less into financial and moral quagmires on the other side of the world...
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Ludi » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 17:54:02

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('yeahbut', 'M')aybe a few more excursions into space and a few less into financial and moral quagmires on the other side of the world...



I can definitely get behind that! :)
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby efarmer » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 20:12:02

We had to compete with the Soviet Union to be inspired for the race to the moon. It was a massive stimulus mentally and at the time we reached the moon, we were invested $28 billion into the venture and it drove advances in electronics, materials science, process and systems control, computers and software, and a ream of other disciplines.

We need to set the target on sustainable living and energy systems, and they should include everything from fusion and nuclear to biofuels to funding and categorizing all the naturally sustained systems such as biointensive gardening, permaculture, aquaculture, etc.

We should end up with a ream of documented and proven technologies and they should be put into a redundant competition with centers for whichever aspect of the humongous effort makes sense by region. We need to put our eggs in zillions of baskets and hatch as many as we can. Americans should be able to migrate to where their particular flavor of solutions technology is being hatched and put their shoulder to the effort.

We should throw it open to any nation that wants to participate and network the US effort into every other thing going on the planet, yeah, even Iran and North Korea.



America needs to stop acting like they run the world and save it instead, you want a uniting principle, try this one on for size.

We need a war we can win or go down fighting, one that fits our self image, and the documents of our founders, and the principles we are supposed to stand for.

America needs to find a mission better than being the worlds hydrocarbon protection agency
with people arguing about if we should save or spend money we are presently hallucinating anyhow when it is obvious the world is running up on the consequences that will stop the game of winners and losers on a planetary basis and simply yield losers.

Tell Mr. Hawking to wrap his head around how we get fusion going in the next few years and if he has time left after that, he can go back and tickle the cosmos.

I will even help Carlhole solder on the Singularity while Pstarr showers us with XOXOXO messages and sends parcels of organic chow to keep our minds right.

I would like to see what the entire world can do if you hook all the people together and the result belongs to everyone that sucks a breath, while Globalization is still intact we should take advantage of the logistics it provides and put it to work for the world, instead of being a conduit to make new sets of winners and losers.

America is going small when we need to go big and so is the entire world, it is poisoning us as fast as we are poisoning the great creation we have been born into.

This is the full extent of today's brain fart, I will now standby and wait for abuse.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby SeaGypsy » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 21:02:50

Wow! Efarmer gets seriously serious!
I agree 100% plus.
On the note of Americans being able to migrate anywhere the flavour suits them?
Probably nobody has more ability or right to migrate to more places than Americans.
It's the mindset which keeps Americans bogged in America.
I believe just about everywhere in latin America welcomes immigrants from the USA regardless of financial status. Most of S.E. Asia likewise.
Wouldn't it be great to see the USA take efarmer's advice(s)?
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby Don35 » Tue 17 Aug 2010, 21:17:40

I'm liking some eFarmer now! Nice rant.
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Wed 18 Aug 2010, 03:49:38

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergyUnlimited', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SeaGypsy', '
')Estimates are that the closest possible habitations are 270 light years away, giving a round trip electronic signal a 540 year travel time. Rediculous in the extreme. Also through the journey no communication will be possible as the signals from earth would not be able to catch up with the light speed craft.

Any estimates, how far it might be to nearest habitable planet are pie-on-the-sky wizardry.
We simply don't know.

On the other hand you don't understand relativity theory, even the most basic premises of it.

Spacecraft flying at speed of light would get to arbitrary location in no time at all, so there would be no multigenerational flight even if destination is in Andromeda Galaxy.

However there is a snag:
Marginally below speed of light relativistic mass of your craft would be sufficient to cause its gravitational collapse into BH.

NB.
As per my opinion Hawking's ideas about leaving Earth are sci-fi Utopia.

We will go extinct regardless , did we move out or not btw.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics is an ultimate warranty of that.


I don't understand relativity? Light has a defined speed, which may be somewhat variable. It does not travel at infinite speed and time is a requirement for a journey at any speed. Can you explain where you get "no time at all" from? If you are talking quantum mechanics that has nothing to do with engineered spacecraft, more in common with mystic yoga.

Time for moving object counts different than for a stationary "reference" one.
t' = t*1/sqrt(1-v2/c2) where t' is time perception by= moving object compared to time perception by observer of this object.

The effect of such situation is that as speed of object grow, time percepted by it seems shorter.

So for v=0.9c we have:
t' = t*1/sqrt0.19 = 2.29t

So for every 2.29 seconds counted by observer, moving object counted only 1 second.

So if we have sent a craft to Alpha Centaurii (4.2 light years away) with speed 0.9 c, we would observe that it arrived there after 4.66 years (nothing strange here) but astronauts on said craft would record only 4.66/2.29 = 2 years long flight and this is what makes relativistic effects interesting.

for v = c we get:
t' = t* 1/sqrt0 = "infinity"*t

So our astronaut traveling at v = c would not precept time at all and would find itself instantaneously in arbitrary location of Universe.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')ltimately the sun will go super nova and fry this planet, this is a given.

Nope.
Sun is too light to *ever* go supernova, unless it accumulate additional mass for example by merging with other stars.
Failing that Sun will evolve to white dwarf and later cool down to black dwarf.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')lso ultimately the entire universe will decay to the point of near enough to zero energy, leaving no habitability anywhere. In the 1st instance we are talking about hundreds of millions or billions of years, in the second of maybe much longer.
Universe will evolve into largely empty space filled with leptons and fading gravity waves (as per implications of 2nd law of thermodynamics) but recent observations are suggesting that future might be more interesting than you think
Read also this to grasp this concept.

It is still possible that such scenario may not proceed:
http://www.universetoday.com/22382/no-b ... rk-energy/
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Re: Stephen Hawking: Abandon Earth—Or Face Extinction

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Wed 18 Aug 2010, 04:10:22

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Sixstrings', '
')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hat about degradation of Y chromosome? etc.


Sounds interesting, don't know anything about it, could you elaborate?

http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/s ... 1c12y.html
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '&')quot;Given the rate of decay since it began," Steve Jones writes, "the Y might disappear altogether within a mere 10 million years."

And what then?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')i]"Performance of the past is not necessarily a guideline to performance of the future". Ever heard that?


Doesn't apply here. Modern humans have all kinds of advantages that the people of 70,000 years ago didn't have. For one thing, our ancient ancestors hadn't yet made it out of Africa -- so when climate change came, they had to deal with it right there where they were. So, being spread out planetwide as we are now offers a lot of redundancy -- when climate changes, it's rare for the ENTIRE WORLD to become un-inhabitable.

Humans are not fit to live lets say in something resembling Upper Cretaceous environment, regardless where the might find themselves on Earth.

There are countless species which conquered nearly entire world in the past and yet now gone.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')ltimately, when thinking about the future the only guide you have is history. So history matters.. there is a genetic record of a human near-extinction event that occurred 70,000 years ago.
So may be it will be a "third (or second...) time lucky story"?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')dd in the geologic record and we can piece together how humanity has already once survived cataclysmic climate change.
Nothing particularly cataclysmic (if you compare it say with PETM) have happened in last 2 millions years.

NB.
Oxygen levels are now in range 21%.

If the evolution is to adapt us to lower level, we are going first to grow bigger lungs, like Tibetans do but later, with progress of oxygen depletion we will grow smaller brains, which are incidentally most oxygen hungry organs.
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EnergyUnlimited
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