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Standard of Living in Capitalist Economies.

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Standard of Living in Capitalist Economies.

Unread postby Soft_Landing » Fri 09 Jul 2004, 10:56:25

Off topic idea (rant). Please comment.

The measure of any project in any society in the capitalist system is whether or not it is profitable.

A good health care system, for example, can be seen as a good 'investment' so long as it improves the productivity of your workforce, allowing your society to be more profitable.

In democracies, the populace desire an increase in the standard of living, whether it is profitable or not.

More broadly, however, an increase in the standard of living, in a capitalist society, is a worthwhile project only so long as it allows that workforce to be more profitable. Any increase in standard of living may increase a workers potential productivity, but returns are likely to be diminishing.

The shift in the IT industry toward outsourcing to second world countries could be understood as employing workers who can be equally productive as others, but can be so at a lower standard of living.

The point is, that even under ideal circumstances (unlimited resources), capitalism might only be expected to increase human living standards to the point where marginal profitability is maximised... i.e., wouldn't go on forever.

This is just a comment on the nature of capitalism, but the rant arrived while I was reading peak oil news, so I thought I'd share it here.

Thanks for reading.
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Capitalist Economy

Unread postby roccman » Tue 22 May 2007, 14:12:33

Thought this was an interesting piece: "Whether Leonard Lewin's book, "Report from Iron Mountain on the Accessibility and Desirability of Peace" (available online here, and well worth the read) was a hoax or not, the book made the absolutely fascinating assertion that at its core, a capitalist economy (like the one ruling the world today) needs to waste resources because there simply is not enough demand otherwise to keep all bottom lines rising. If I remember right, it was held that waste (excess production) of something like 35-37% had to be wasted in order to keep things in balance."
--Snip--

"Nevertheless, consider for a moment what might have happened without 9/11: The market would likely have collapsed to a Dow which by today would likely be under 3,000 and perhaps as low as 700, while the life savings of most Americans (and everyone else trying to scrape together enough for retirement) would have disappeared. Jobs violence would be endemic. The homelands of America's competitors, Russia and China would likely have fallen into disarray, which in turn would lead to increased pressures in those countries for military action (thinking mushrooms) as a bait & switch to keep the powers that be in control of those countries would have become necessary.

Moreover, there would likely be massive starvation, disease, and unemployment to the point where, as in the 1930's, there would be calls for massive change - a New Deal - and that would turn the everyday order of everything in Washington, London, Paris, and wherever else you can think of in terms of capitalism, upside down. Even the Third World would sink back into deeper despair, lawlessness, disease, and isolation. " link
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby steam_cannon » Tue 22 May 2007, 15:34:19

Summary: The Capitalist Economy only survives as long as it can keep growing/wasting (including war as a means to waste) and when it hits the limits of growth, it falls apart. Similar to how a body wastes and dies from cancer. It's an interesting article, many of the discussions on banking and fragility of the US economy essentially suggest the same thing, that we're going down! 8O
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Micki » Tue 22 May 2007, 21:45:02

I strongly disagree that a capitalist economy must keep growing.

First of all it must be recognised that we currently do not have a true capitalistic (market liberal) systems.

A completely free market will expand and contract according to what the market allows for.

The only reason we need to have growth now is because of greed and the fact that we have propped up and bubbled the economy through intervention, inflation and manipulation, to such an extent that allowing for the necessary contraction would casue serious discomfort.

However without intervention (ala PPT and currency policies etc), interest rates set by the markets rather than the CBs and with a gold backed currencies we would have much less inflationary/deflationary swings and frequent adjustment of misallocations.
Growth would therefore be based on savings, improvements and efficiencies rather than inflation.

This would result in slower growth and less unnecessary spending like on wars and government subsidies, which does not suit either the politicians or the greedy upper echelons.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MonteQuest » Tue 22 May 2007, 22:48:05

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Micki', 'I') strongly disagree that a capitalist economy must keep growing.


How do you propose to pay the interest on loans without growth in a debt-based fiat monetary system?
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Micki » Tue 22 May 2007, 22:58:46

The issue is that the current Capitalistit/Fascist/Socialist fusion system isn't based on free market economy.
So to say that today's system requires growth and therefore capitalism requires parpetual growth is comparing apples with oranges.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Heineken » Tue 22 May 2007, 23:00:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Micki', 'T')he only reason we need to have growth now is because of greed . . .


And how do you propose to do away with greed?

Greed will continue to have its wasteful and destructive say until there is nothing left to be greedy about.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Micki » Tue 22 May 2007, 23:19:08

Market set interest rates rather than artificially supressed rates limits borrowing => limits asset inflation =>limits speculation.

I am not saying greed as a human characteristic goes away, just that the free market system has a way of dealing with it, not like today letting it run rampant.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MonteQuest » Wed 23 May 2007, 01:07:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Micki', 'T')he issue is that the current Capitalistit/Fascist/Socialist fusion system isn't based on free market economy. So to say that today's system requires growth and therefore capitalism requires parpetual growth is comparing apples with oranges.
Doesn't matter. The same question still stands: How do you propose to pay the interest on loans without growth in a debt-based fiat monetary system?

Free market or not.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Micki » Wed 23 May 2007, 01:20:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')ow do you propose to pay the interest on loans without growth in a debt-based fiat monetary system?


I can payoff loans and pay interest even if my income is stagnant, so i don't understand the questions.
I just get less put towards savings or cut back on something else.

I think you are perhaps looking at a scenario wherby there is a constantly INCREASING loan amount.

Nothing however says that this Must be the case in a free market society.
Neither does a free market society Require a perpetually growing economy.

Edited
----Sorry I didn't read your post properly.
You mentioned a debt laden fiat system.
Well that is what we have. But what I am saying is that what we have is NOT a true free market capitalistic system.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MonteQuest » Wed 23 May 2007, 01:39:06

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Micki', 'I') can payoff loans and pay interest even if my income is stagnant, so i don't understand the questions.
Most people don't. Part of the problem.
I suggest you read the thread on why our money system is not compatible with resource depletion. Some where, some time, someone has to borrow the money into existence that you will use to pay off loans or interest.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')ou mentioned a debt laden fiat system. Well that is what we have. But what I am saying is that what we have is NOT a true free market capitalistic system.
Yes, our economy is debt-ridden, but our monetary system is based upon debt. Therefore, our economy must always grow or collapse. Free market or not.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Micki » Wed 23 May 2007, 01:53:28

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')es, our economy is debt-ridden, but our monetary system is based upon debt.


Once again you are missing my point.
A gold backed system is NOT based on debt.
A capitalistic system can (and should) be gold backed and therefore not necessarily inflationary.

Our current economy does not meet the above, and neither is it a true capitalistic system and that is why we are getting ourselves into this debt mess.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby I_Like_Plants » Wed 23 May 2007, 02:32:11

I buy stuff I hunt up cheap, then sell it less cheap. It's how I make my living. I thought this makes me a capitalist, but that's not what modern monster-capitalism is about. I actually do a fair amount of work and research work for my money - real capitalists don't work for their money, they just "invest", buy stocks etc.

I'm on about the level, truly, of an Amish farmer who takes cheap wood and builds toy wagons and sells 'em, a modern capitalist does not do labor at all.

A Capitalist economy is like a cancer tumor, grow or die. Me I don't give a flying fuck if I make less this year than last, of course I'd like to make more each year, but it's not going to kill me if I don't.

Never forget that when Capitalism is talked about, we're talking Warren Buffett and Bill Gates and Halliburton and so on, not the way you or I might work or do a little part time thing.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby Micki » Wed 23 May 2007, 02:45:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'r')eal capitalists don't work for their money, they just "invest", buy stocks etc.

That is just twisting of words...once again misused as we do not have a capitalist system today.

So why can't a cobbler aprentice be a capitalist?
i.e. a believer that a free privately owned market without intervention is a good model?
Especially in a gold backed model where inflation/deflation cycles are minimal.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'N')ever forget that when Capitalism is talked about, we're talking Warren Buffett and Bill Gates and Halliburton and so on, not the way you or I might work or do a little part time thing.

NONONO
You couldn't get it more wrong.
Capitalism is based on private enterprise and working for profit.
Free markets is a cornerstone as capitalism depends on the markets being able to cut off the deadwood.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 23 May 2007, 08:43:25

roccman posted:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '"')Nevertheless, consider for a moment what might have happened without 9/11: The market would likely have collapsed to a Dow which by today would likely be under 3,000 and perhaps as low as 700, while the life savings of most Americans (and everyone else trying to scrape together enough for retirement) would have disappeared. Jobs violence would be endemic. The homelands of America's competitors, Russia and China would likely have fallen into disarray, which in turn would lead to increased pressures in those countries for military action (thinking mushrooms) as a bait & switch to keep the powers that be in control of those countries would have become necessary.


I didn't even bother to read the article because I have read it all before or stuff just like it.

This is all conjecture pure & simple. We have no idea what would have happened if 9/11 and other such events had not taken place? And to jump to the conclusion that the system would have collapsed had those events not taken place is, well, pure conjecture.

Especially to say that 9/11 stopped Russia and China from collapsing. Please. This is really just posting junk on peak oil dot com. I am surprised MonteQuest is taking part in this discussion as it has zero to do with depletion economics? Should I move it to the Open Discussion or not now?

History has proved time and again that economies grow under conditions of peace and certainty. Wars and all the economic activity surrounding wars usually bankrupt their sponsors, and end up destroying wealth. Sure, it takes economic activity to wage a war and then clean-up afterwards, but it leaves behind less wealth.

Yes, all fiat currencies are loaned into existance. Just like all houses are built, all gold is mined, all oil is extracted from the ground. Even debt has to be signed into existance. Pennies do not fall from heaven. I think this is self-evident and not really an insight.

If I look at all assets, financial and non-financial, they have several values, not just one. One is the nominal amount or face value. The second is its intrinsic worth. The third is it disposal or salvage value. The fourth is its income generating ability. And the fifth is its clean-up and reclamation cost. This last one is a negative value, but one of the costs of owning an asset.

Another cost of owning an asset is its funding cost. So in order to generate 'a profit' on an income earning asset - through rents, coupons, dividends or profits (revenue - costs) you have to fund it. Yes, that interest has to be re-paid. The standard measure is repayment in a currency that is legal tender.

Legal tender is backed by the government that issues it. It is a claim against all the assets of the government plus its ability to tax and raise income through asset sales and leasing of government property. Legal tender is issued into existance.

But the government also has the ability to buy back its currency. If there is inflation its value may have fallen. Yes, at some point they will have to issue new currency to pay the interest plus the nominal amount issued in the first place, but its value is not constant. It changes all the time. Its internal value changes against other fiat currencies, and its intrinsic value or buying power changes domestically through the effects of inflation.

Wealth is created when the sum of the whole in terms of land, labor, capital and intangible assets - including energy of course - are worth more in aggregate than the cost of the inputs. That wealth is not dependent on printing fiat currencies to repay debt.

However, monetizing that wealth may entail exchanging it for something that is tradeable. That could well be another more liquid asset, say gold, or for a fiat currency, that is created by the government's agents, or for a piece of paper that gives its holder an ownership stake in a piece of land, a share of a company or the bond of a government, which is just a promise to repay.

In turn those assets all have different values based on various circumstances. Farmland for example has one value expressed as its ability to produce an agricultural surplus and another worth based on its value to be developed into urban housing. Ditto for a forest managed by sustainable logging producing an annual harvest based on its total allowable cut per year. That may be more valuable than a forest left to mature and eventually die or fall victim to a wildfire. Or a deep water port. A deep water port without infrastructure may have value as a marine habitat, but it is commercially more valuable with docks, roads and rails connecting it to the outside world and abroad.

None of those assets are directly connected to the creation of a fiat currency, but assets need to be funded to be built and maintained, and fiat currencies are easier to transact with. But that farmland, those forests and that deep water port do not depend on endless perpetual growth. They provide a service and create value on their own.

And if the government disappears the value of those fiat currencies evaporates along with their ability to repay on demand, but those assets are still there. Except now instead of one currency, someone pays and receives their rents and fees in another, which could of course be gold or another tradable asset (labor for example) as well.

I think that expressing debt creation and repayment as (P / P + I) is very interesting and shed's light on money creation by central banks. But the above examples show that an asset's value can be expressed in many different ways, so the relative value of P also changes as well. There is no P in 'debt default', but there should be.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby untothislast » Wed 23 May 2007, 09:02:29

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', 'H')istory has proved time and again that economies grow under conditions of peace and certainty. Wars and all the economic activity surrounding wars usually bankrupt their sponsors, and end up destroying wealth. Sure, it takes economic activity to wage a war and then clean-up afterwards, but it leaves behind less wealth.



Not an absolute rule of thumb, Mr Bill. US industrialists made healthy profits from helping to build up Geman miltary infrastructure in the run up to WW2; a conflict which the US waited as long as possible before joining, because it was advantageous to its interests to watch from the sidelines as its European economic competitors slugged it out and weakened themselves in the process. When it did decide to help out its good old ally, the UK, it did so by providing all the goods and services one could ever wish for in a life or death conflict on a 'lend-lease' basis, which we only actually finished paying off last year.

Whether this cosy arrangement has been reciprocated for assistance rendered throughout the invasion and occupation of Iraq, I don't know.

But, you can sponsor a war and make a profit on it. Why, you can even become a global superpower afterwards!

Sorry to nitpick - keep up the excellent work.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 23 May 2007, 09:20:59

untothislast wrote:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hether this cosy arrangement has been reciprocated for assistance rendered throughout the invasion and occupation of Iraq, I don't know.

But, you can sponsor a war and make a profit on it. Why, you can even become a global superpower afterwards!

Sorry to nitpick - keep up the excellent work.


I absolutely agree with you. The economic activity from wars provided by defense contractors and other war profiteers can generate profits that leaves some players better off than before. That extra wealth however ends up in fewer pockets.

It is also a great social reshuffler of sorts. But I think that would be to neglect that in the macro-sense people are left poorer from economic assets that are destroyed and the capital needed to re-build those assets that could otherwise be diverted to other worthwhile causes.

And I have to say this about capitalism, perhaps in defense of capitalism because it gets such a lousy rap sometimes. Market pricing is a good way to ration demand. As a matter of fact if energy is scarce the best way to ration it is to make it really expensive.

But wealth earned can be re-deployed in constructive ways instead of destroyed through consumption. Bridges, waterways, roads, dams and other infrastructure can be maintained to keep them up to date and economically useful. Wetlands and conservation areas can be built and protected as well as better policed with extra funding. Etcetera.

How wealth is spent is not to say that capitalism is bad. It is a means of production and distribution. Conspicuous consumption however is morally reprehensible. As is exploiting a renewable resource in excess of its ability to regenerate. That happens even where there are no market forces to help ration demand. Say by government dictat for example. Or the tragedy of the commons where there are no rules except first come, first served.

Just my two pfennings and they aren't worth much anymore.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MonteQuest » Wed 23 May 2007, 11:01:29

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', ' ')I am surprised MonteQuest is taking part in this discussion as it has zero to do with depletion economics?


Then you are in for a rude awakening.
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby cube » Wed 23 May 2007, 15:33:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '.')..
How do you propose to pay the interest on loans without growth in a debt-based fiat monetary system?
Capitalism is simply an economic system where all the good stuff is owned by individuals operating for a profit (or at least an honest attempt is made). And of course no system can claim to be truly capitalistic unless prices are determined by the free market.

Nowhere does it say capitalism must have a debt based monetary system. In fact the 2 are like peas and carrots....2 different things. Just because we as a society have decided to adopt both does not mean the 2 things must be present in order to exist.

It is perfectly possible to have a capitalistic system in a:
1) steady state economy
2) no monetary inflation
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Re: Capitalist Economy Needs to Waste

Unread postby MonteQuest » Wed 23 May 2007, 15:59:19

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cube', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '.')..
How do you propose to pay the interest on loans without growth in a debt-based fiat monetary system?
Nowhere does it say capitalism must have a debt based monetary system.


Never said or implied that it did.

But a debt based monetary system is what we have to work with.

And that isn't going to change soon...unless it collapses.
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