by MD » Wed 21 Oct 2009, 11:07:11
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Olle', 'T')his is hardly news. If it can be recharged at home in 8 hours, then the battery can hold no more than 16 kWh. That is not much and it will not be sufficient for more than 100-150 km in a modern and SAFE car.
Sorry to be so negative, but please understand simple math here, a household plug can give approx 2000 Watts. Multiply that by 8 and you get 16000 Wh, a.k.a. 16 kWh.

actually in the US
most duplex outlets are rated at 15 amps. At 115vrms you'll yield 1725 watts continuous at the outlet. Assume 10% losses and you are down to about 1600 watts.Therefore In eight hours you can store 12.8 kwh.
Personally I would never load that type of circuit to that percent of capacity for more than a few minutes.
Ennyhoo...Let's assume instead a 230vac rms 40 amp single phase circuit. (typical dryer plug). Now you have 9200 watts available. At the same efficiencies you'll now be able to store 66.24 kwh. A vast improvement!
BUT: you'll still have to set up a storage system that can absorb the energy at that rate. With today's technology the number of cells required will make the battery pack both extremely heavy -and- extremely expensive...set that aside for now though and lets look at the consumption side for a minute.
Assume a very modest 2kw motor for your "small" electric vehicle. (For reference 746 watts or 0.746 kw is equivalent to 1hp, or by rule-of-thumb it takes 1000 watts of motor to deliver 1hp work.). Assume now you can push a small electric vehicle down the highway at about 20mph or so with 2kw continuous power available (with a setup that has 5kw peak available 20% duty cycle or so). This can be done. The physics are fairly simple and sound. Just don't over complicate matters with overly steep inclines or declines.
Ok then..our hypothetical 66.24 kwh can now propel us down the highway for 33.12 hours at 20 mph, or 662 miles! Weee!
Oh wait a minute...let's do a little more arithmetic and common physics. This should all be simple stuff...common as eggs...I just don't know
what they are teaching kids these days.
The batteries again. Take an average car battery. 70 amp hours or so. This means it can deliver 70 amps for one hour, 35 amps for two hours, or 1 amp for 70 hours, and so forth. Let's convert that into kwh and see what we get! 70 amps at 12 volts yields 920 watts, by ohm's law. If it runs an hour, we have 0.920 kwh. So in order to store our hypothetical 66.24 kwh. We will need 72 car batteries! At 40 pounds each that's 2880 pounds.
My hypothetical vehicle only weighs a couple hundred pounds. I need a battery that can store 2kwh per pound!
{insert math for kwh available from pound of gasoline here for another shocking brain-opener}
Let's go peek again at the charging side of the math:
My little community has about 40,000 households with vehicles. If everyone wanted to load a dryer circuit overnight, at the rates assumed above, we would have 40,000 times 40 watts times 230 volts...ummm 368 megawatts...anyone got a spare nuke plant laying around? How many vehicles in the US? 100 million or so? hummm...900 terawatts? can that be right?
Now were talking serious electrical load!
New topic with a little more math:
100hp is about the working minimum for a highway worthy vehicle in the US these days. T'ink about it a bit. {hint for the slow or lazy: do you now understand why hybrids exist instead of electric only? {ps hint: see "energy available by weight"^^}}
As a further extrapolation exercise for the student; ask yourself the question: "At what power rating will the average personal transportation system come back into balance, and when will this rebalancing occur?" There are millions to be made by those that get this answer right.
Stop filling dumpsters, as much as you possibly can, and everything will get better.
Just think it through.
It's not hard to do.