by MrBill » Wed 21 May 2008, 10:35:51
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('BigTex', 'M')rBill, you know that I believe economics matters, but what do you make of this "late price signal" problem?
What is the remedy for that?
BigTex as a Moderator on peak oil dot com I do not want to get myself into trouble here, but efficient market theory states something to the effect that the current price reflects all knowledge - both public and private - about the underlying commodity until that knowledge or perception changes. The price then moves to a new supply and demand equilibrium.
I would not go to the wall defending efficient market theory, but assuming post peak oil resource depletion is not the world's best kept secret - it isn't - then at least some market participants must be taking depletion rates into their calculations. As such prices have risen to record levels even before we have seen conclusive evidence or proof that we have hit peak. The long end of the futures curve suggest those expectations are well founded.
I would say that the market is doing a pretty darn good job of telegraphing that information in the price of crude. However, we are also witnessing wide spread denial of this inconvenient truth. Governments are still subsidizing energy inputs that puts strains on their budgets and encourages over-consumption. Others are looking to treat the symptoms of high prices like export controls and bans on speculation rather than address the underlying problem of over-consumption.
And do not forget that we can think of the cost of oil in three separate, but related ways. One is its cost of production. That varies from country to country and is denominated in local currency. It is subject to local supply and demand of labor and expertise. So long as a country can afford to produce crude for, say, $60 a barrel then they will be quite willing to sell it at $120 or $130. Especially if the producing nation does not have other sources of revenue. In the ground it is not worth anything.
The second is its EROEI. So long as the EROEI of exploration, drilling, extraction, transport, refining and distributions is positive it will make sense to continue to extract crude oil. But naturally the EROEI is also downward sloping as we look farther afield for conventional oil and under less favorable operating conditions. The last barrels of oil will simply not be worth going after.
The third way to look at the price of oil is its value as an input to generate output. Roughly (very roughly) $130 a barrel crude translates into $4 trillion per year in our current energy mix. That is in comparison to a world GDP of roughly $66 trillion on a PPP basis or about 6% or perhaps 10% after we take into account refining of petroluem products. That is to say that is the 10% of the world's economy that allows the rest of the 90% of the global economy to function with our current energy mix. Given that $4 trillion in direct petroleum inputs helps to generate some $66 trillion of GDP using our current energy mix we can say that oil prices could still rise substantially before we would stop using petroluem. That is when marginal costs are equal to or greater than the marginal benefit.
However, as we remove or reduce petroleum in our current energy mix we increase the value of all other energy - stationary and liquid fuels - in that new energy basket. Unless we find a new source of power that it cheaper and more efficient than petroluem of course!
It is - critically - wrong to compare the economics of alternative energy with current sources of fossil fuels. Once petroluem is gone, it is gone, and it is no longer in our existing energy mix any more. There is no point at that stage to compare whatever is left with petroleum. It would be no different than estimating the cost of production of a house today using lumber prices and the cost of labor from 1808.
So if we assume that ex-petroleum that our total energy supply decreases, while potential demand for energy stays the same or increases - a realistic projection between now and, say, 2030-2050 - then we can only conclude that the rest of the sources of energy in our new energy mix can only increase in price relative to other prices in the economy. Total available supply shifts permanently to the left. Total demand cannot outstrip available supply, so prices have to rise to destroy potential demand.
You can accept some practical arguments that our sources of renewable and alternative sources of energy are not technically feasible, or not scalable, but it is rubbish to assert that they are not economical. Once we remove petroleum from our current energy mix then we will be comparing our remaining sources of energy with one another - or the next best alternative - and not with petroleum.
Of course, it is perfectly possible that our new mix of energy is not sufficient to run our existing infrastructure in which case there will be wealth destruction and stranded assets as we abandon investments made in that unsustainable development. And it is also perfectly possible that the loss of petroleum from our current energy mix will result in lower living standards. On the other hand those new sources of power will be a source of wealth as well.
As such I think that higher prices today are not a market failure - or too late as you suggest - and are rising in-line with future expectations of scarcity. However, how fast those prices can rise are a function of the cost of production of energy; the rate of decline of EROEI; the global economy's ability to absorb higher energy costs relative to the price of other goods and services; as well as a function of the availability and viability of substitutes and alternatives. The volatility of those rapid price rises reflects a great deal of uncertainty by market participants and energy producers and users about how those variables effect one another.
Don't forget that just because $130 oil is generating $4 trillion in oil wealth does not mean that it is generating an equivalent amount of new exploration and drilling or even investment into alternative energy. Most of that money paid-out as royalties to oil producing nations' governments is being spent elsewhere in the economy and perhaps not even in a sustainable or sensible manner.
The organized state is a wonderful invention whereby everyone can live at someone else's expense.