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A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

General discussions of the systemic, societal and civilisational effects of depletion.

A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby wisconsin_cur » Tue 29 Jan 2008, 08:50:15

What do you say Mr. Bill?

Let me flesh out the idea.

Mr. Bill raises and guides a discussion among "experts" and we all try to stay civil and keep the discussion on track, regardless if we think the whole thing is an intellectual exercise or not (because it might not be). Would it then be possible to copy those pages as "read only" into wider circulation (ie in the non-expert only) web site say once a week?

Just a thought

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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby Aaron » Tue 29 Jan 2008, 12:15:00

Actually I can make this forum visible to the public, without allowing non-experts to post.
The problem is, of course, that not only is economics bankrupt, but it has always been nothing more than politics in disguise... economics is a form of brain damage.

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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 30 Jan 2008, 09:52:54

I would agree, naturally, so long as it is seen as no one post can adequately address all issues, and many cause-effect relationships are complicated by a matrix of knock-on effects and feedback loops where traditionally we use the caveat 'all other things being equal' which they never are.

And, of course, while trying to solve one problem with a public policy - or the market's - response it might create another. So the question might arise, 'How does the market deal with resource depletion?' But if the answer is that 'it makes those resources more expensive and therefore less available', it may be politically or socially unacceptable that prices rise beyond the reach of what some may be able or willing to pay?

That is no longer an economic problem, but one of social policy and how to protect the most vulnerable, while ensuring markets remain effective allocators of scarce resources. There is no magic economic policy that ensures efficient allocation of resources while making sure no one loses either through their own fault or through no fault of their own.

Public policy is by its very nature always a trade-off between different interest groups. Economics is more of a cost-benefit analysis of those trade-offs. Whereas politics is about finding out which choice is more popular? Economics is about which option makes the most financial sense? But usually in the fight between politics and economics the politicians win because they represent the votes and can veto economics and pander to populism.

If every contract involves a buyer and a seller - regardless of the underlying - then when the government or central bank intervenes to protect one class of asset holder - be they house owners or stock buyers - then they do this at the expense of renters and would be investors that are waiting for stocks to become less expensive and/or investors in bonds.

I fail to see how a public policy choice is a failure of the market? However, the market will by its nature respond to that fiscal stimulus and/or easing in monetary policy because that is what markets do. They adust!

So if post peak oil resource depletion is a physical reality then that reality will have economic consequences. Those consequences will lead to a social response to that new economic reality - i.e. falling living standards for example. And that new social reality will lead to a public policy response. That will effect the market's new perception of reality, and therefore its own response in allocating capital in reaction to that physical reality and the government's policy response.

To divorce an effect from its cause is to skip an important link, and then we start to address the symptoms of resource depletion - and their unwanted social consequences - and not their causes. The cause, of course, which is that the demand for petroleum, for example, is in excess of available supply. And, of course, if demand is in excess of supply, we need to destroy demand through higher prices.

So higher prices are not the problem for those that cannot afford to pay them - the social consequence - but because total demand is in excess of available supply! The high price is the signal to switch to alternatives and/or find ways to do without.

Just like I do not advise anyone to run marathons on a broken ankle even if they take painkillers while they run because the painkillers will mask the discomfort, but will not address the underlying problem. But no doubt running on a broken ankle - a physical reality - can be made worse by doing so on painkillers - a response.

If you tell me there are no - zero - alternatives to petroleum products - especially as a liquid transport fuel - then indeed there are serious economic consequences to continue to invest in infrastructure - like the 15+ million passenger vehicles that will be built this year with internal combustion engines. That is not a market failure. That is not a failure of economics. There will be an economic cost for that misallocation of resources. And it is perfectly predictable.

Bad choices are not a failure of the market or economics. They are bad choices. Period! Just like the government's decision to back corn-based ethanol even though the evidence suggests it is not only uneconomical, but a waste of resources. Especially as the government in question also levies taxes on imported sugarcane-based ethanol. Another political decision. Not a failure of the market. If you add-up enough cumulative public policy mistakes it turns into a monumental failure. To then blame that colossal failure on the market is to put the cart before the horse!

My two kilojoules worth in any case! ; - )
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby wisconsin_cur » Wed 30 Jan 2008, 12:13:50

Mr. Bill,

Your explanation is great and straight forward.

The problem I see with the public policy debate is that we (in the US anyway) have been told for almost 30 years that the market can solve the problem and that the very act of government creating a policy derails the solution that the market would otherwise provide. I recognize that this is an idealogical construct but often what becomes policy is not what is most popular but what is the most congruent with the idealogical construct of either the silent majority or the loud minority.

I approach this as a post-modern. It doesn't matter if the markets cannot solve the problem if everyone believes that the markets can solve the problem. In order to convince (again I am refering to Americans) the masses to embrace a policy change they need a new narrative, one that refutes the heresies of Reagan-omics.

Maybe Barak could do that, but I hate relying on one person to "save us." I would prefer to see Noble Laurete's (sp?) in Economics, investment bankers :), and local university chairs getting up and saying exactly what you put forward. The market cannot save us, one politician cannot save us, only we have the power to confront and manage this decline together.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby Twilight » Wed 30 Jan 2008, 17:33:16

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', 'T')hat is not a market failure. That is not a failure of economics. There will be an economic cost for that misallocation of resources. And it is perfectly predictable.

Bad choices are not a failure of the market or economics. They are bad choices. Period!

I think this touches an under-reported aspect of how economics is perceived by most people. It has been... I am not sure "politicised" is the right word, as this is a very individual form of politics, perhaps "warped" is better... to fit comforting cornucopian notions that a free market offers solutions to problems, and as its loudest cheerleaders would have it, only solutions to all problems. Whereas as you say, sometimes it may only offer punishment for poor decision-making and investment - as it should.

Imagine then, the culture shock experienced by an individual brought up to believe in the market as a resourceful ally, encouraged by a political system that celebrates it, emboldened by the evidence of its fruits, only to receive a slap in the face for his efforts and the newfound knowledge that in spite of any sincerity on his part, it was richly deserved.

It will fall upon mortal men to address energy and other challenges, but with economics elevated to the status of a provider-priesthood, I think some disenchantment is unavoidable when the costs of past decisions come to be borne. Whom to blame, eh?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Aaron', 'A')ctually I can make this forum visible to the public, without allowing non-experts to post.

Fantastic. I can feel our popularity soaring already.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby Aaron » Wed 30 Jan 2008, 17:38:10

I didn't make it visible.
The problem is, of course, that not only is economics bankrupt, but it has always been nothing more than politics in disguise... economics is a form of brain damage.

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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby BigTex » Tue 20 May 2008, 19:43:16

I'm just sort of riding all the rides with my new master key to all the forums, but this is an interesting thread, and it's a shame that it's been forgotten.

The only point I would make about economics in general when discussing peak oil (and I've made this point in various ways before) is that economic analysis simply provides red flags in the form of high prices too late. I have no suggestion regarding a better system for determining prices and how to allocate resources, but this problem of providing dramatic market signals in the form of high prices 10-20 years after the market would have needed a signal in order to actually do anything about the problem is troubling.

I suspect that an economist would say that it is the job of government to correct a market failure like this by imposing the necessary taxes to provide the appropriate price signal (which is sort of what Europse has done, I suppose) if this is in fact a market failure, but I don't think the U.S. government is anywhere near that perceptive.

So we are sort of left with a good tool (economics) when we need a great one (enlightenment?). Or maybe human nature is the real problem, and so long as humans are the ones searching for a solution, one will never be found.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 21 May 2008, 04:49:04

Physical Reality > Economic Consequences > Social Reaction > Political Response > Feedback Loop > New Reality > Etc.

As I have said before the Left believes economics do not matter. The Right uses pseudo-economic arguments to justify their own political expediency. The voter just wants to get something for nothing. While banks and businesses are just arbitraging between political fantasy and economic reality.

We need to collectively solve our economic and environmental problems not invent a new way to describe them.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby wisconsin_cur » Wed 21 May 2008, 08:17:42

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', '[')b]Physical Reality > Economic Consequences > Social Reaction > Political Response > Feedback Loop > New Reality > Etc.

As I have said before the Left believes economics do not matter. The Right uses pseudo-economic arguments to justify their own political expediency. The voter just wants to get something for nothing. While banks and businesses are just arbitraging between political fantasy and economic reality.

We need to collectively solve our economic and environmental problems not invent a new way to describe them.


I knew this all before... still it is the most depressing thing I have read all week.... and it has been a week full of depressing news.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby BigTex » Wed 21 May 2008, 09:20:56

MrBill, you know that I believe economics matters, but what do you make of this "late price signal" problem?

What is the remedy for that?
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 21 May 2008, 10:35:51

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('BigTex', 'M')rBill, you know that I believe economics matters, but what do you make of this "late price signal" problem?

What is the remedy for that?


BigTex as a Moderator on peak oil dot com I do not want to get myself into trouble here, but efficient market theory states something to the effect that the current price reflects all knowledge - both public and private - about the underlying commodity until that knowledge or perception changes. The price then moves to a new supply and demand equilibrium.

I would not go to the wall defending efficient market theory, but assuming post peak oil resource depletion is not the world's best kept secret - it isn't - then at least some market participants must be taking depletion rates into their calculations. As such prices have risen to record levels even before we have seen conclusive evidence or proof that we have hit peak. The long end of the futures curve suggest those expectations are well founded.

I would say that the market is doing a pretty darn good job of telegraphing that information in the price of crude. However, we are also witnessing wide spread denial of this inconvenient truth. Governments are still subsidizing energy inputs that puts strains on their budgets and encourages over-consumption. Others are looking to treat the symptoms of high prices like export controls and bans on speculation rather than address the underlying problem of over-consumption.

And do not forget that we can think of the cost of oil in three separate, but related ways. One is its cost of production. That varies from country to country and is denominated in local currency. It is subject to local supply and demand of labor and expertise. So long as a country can afford to produce crude for, say, $60 a barrel then they will be quite willing to sell it at $120 or $130. Especially if the producing nation does not have other sources of revenue. In the ground it is not worth anything.

The second is its EROEI. So long as the EROEI of exploration, drilling, extraction, transport, refining and distributions is positive it will make sense to continue to extract crude oil. But naturally the EROEI is also downward sloping as we look farther afield for conventional oil and under less favorable operating conditions. The last barrels of oil will simply not be worth going after.

The third way to look at the price of oil is its value as an input to generate output. Roughly (very roughly) $130 a barrel crude translates into $4 trillion per year in our current energy mix. That is in comparison to a world GDP of roughly $66 trillion on a PPP basis or about 6% or perhaps 10% after we take into account refining of petroluem products. That is to say that is the 10% of the world's economy that allows the rest of the 90% of the global economy to function with our current energy mix. Given that $4 trillion in direct petroleum inputs helps to generate some $66 trillion of GDP using our current energy mix we can say that oil prices could still rise substantially before we would stop using petroluem. That is when marginal costs are equal to or greater than the marginal benefit.

However, as we remove or reduce petroleum in our current energy mix we increase the value of all other energy - stationary and liquid fuels - in that new energy basket. Unless we find a new source of power that it cheaper and more efficient than petroluem of course!

It is - critically - wrong to compare the economics of alternative energy with current sources of fossil fuels. Once petroluem is gone, it is gone, and it is no longer in our existing energy mix any more. There is no point at that stage to compare whatever is left with petroleum. It would be no different than estimating the cost of production of a house today using lumber prices and the cost of labor from 1808.

So if we assume that ex-petroleum that our total energy supply decreases, while potential demand for energy stays the same or increases - a realistic projection between now and, say, 2030-2050 - then we can only conclude that the rest of the sources of energy in our new energy mix can only increase in price relative to other prices in the economy. Total available supply shifts permanently to the left. Total demand cannot outstrip available supply, so prices have to rise to destroy potential demand.

You can accept some practical arguments that our sources of renewable and alternative sources of energy are not technically feasible, or not scalable, but it is rubbish to assert that they are not economical. Once we remove petroleum from our current energy mix then we will be comparing our remaining sources of energy with one another - or the next best alternative - and not with petroleum.

Of course, it is perfectly possible that our new mix of energy is not sufficient to run our existing infrastructure in which case there will be wealth destruction and stranded assets as we abandon investments made in that unsustainable development. And it is also perfectly possible that the loss of petroleum from our current energy mix will result in lower living standards. On the other hand those new sources of power will be a source of wealth as well.

As such I think that higher prices today are not a market failure - or too late as you suggest - and are rising in-line with future expectations of scarcity. However, how fast those prices can rise are a function of the cost of production of energy; the rate of decline of EROEI; the global economy's ability to absorb higher energy costs relative to the price of other goods and services; as well as a function of the availability and viability of substitutes and alternatives. The volatility of those rapid price rises reflects a great deal of uncertainty by market participants and energy producers and users about how those variables effect one another.

Don't forget that just because $130 oil is generating $4 trillion in oil wealth does not mean that it is generating an equivalent amount of new exploration and drilling or even investment into alternative energy. Most of that money paid-out as royalties to oil producing nations' governments is being spent elsewhere in the economy and perhaps not even in a sustainable or sensible manner.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby BigTex » Wed 21 May 2008, 12:01:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('BigTex', 'M')rBill, you know that I believe economics matters, but what do you make of this "late price signal" problem?

What is the remedy for that?


BigTex as a Moderator on peak oil dot com I do not want to get myself into trouble here.


:lol: [The Master jokes with Grasshopper]

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'E')fficient market theory states something to the effect that the current price reflects all knowledge - both public and private - about the underlying commodity until that knowledge or perception changes. The price then moves to a new supply and demand equilibrium.

I would not go to the wall defending efficient market theory, but assuming post peak oil resource depletion is not the world's best kept secret - it isn't - then at least some market participants must be taking depletion rates into their calculations. As such prices have risen to record levels even before we have seen conclusive evidence or proof that we have hit peak. The long end of the futures curve suggest those expectations are well founded.

I would say that the market is doing a pretty darn good job of telegraphing that information in the price of crude. However, we are also witnessing wide spread denial of this inconvenient truth. Governments are still subsidizing energy inputs that puts strains on their budgets and encourages over-consumption. Others are looking to treat the symptoms of high prices like export controls and bans on speculation rather than address the underlying problem of over-consumption.

And do not forget that we can think of the cost of oil in three separate, but related ways. One is its cost of production. That varies from country to country and is denominated in local currency. It is subject to local supply and demand of labor and expertise. So long as a country can afford to produce crude for, say, $60 a barrel then they will be quite willing to sell it at $120 or $130. Especially if the producing nation does not have other sources of revenue. In the ground it is not worth anything.

The second is its EROEI. So long as the EROEI of exploration, drilling, extraction, transport, refining and distributions is positive it will make sense to continue to extract crude oil. But naturally the EROEI is also downward sloping as we look farther afield for conventional oil and under less favorable operating conditions. The last barrels of oil will simply not be worth going after.

The third way to look at the price of oil is its value as an input to generate output. Roughly (very roughly) $130 a barrel crude translates into $4 trillion per year in our current energy mix. That is in comparison to a world GDP of roughly $66 trillion on a PPP basis or about 6% or perhaps 10% after we take into account refining of petroluem products. That is to say that is the 10% of the world's economy that allows the rest of the 90% of the global economy to function with our current energy mix. Given that $4 trillion in direct petroleum inputs helps to generate some $66 trillion of GDP using our current energy mix we can say that oil prices could still rise substantially before we would stop using petroluem. That is when marginal costs are equal to or greater than the marginal benefit.

However, as we remove or reduce petroleum in our current energy mix we increase the value of all other energy - stationary and liquid fuels - in that new energy basket. Unless we find a new source of power that it cheaper and more efficient than petroluem of course!

It is - critically - wrong to compare the economics of alternative energy with current sources of fossil fuels. Once petroluem is gone, it is gone, and it is no longer in our existing energy mix any more. There is no point at that stage to compare whatever is left with petroleum. It would be no different than estimating the cost of production of a house today using lumber prices and the cost of labor from 1808.

So if we assume that ex-petroleum that our total energy supply decreases, while potential demand for energy stays the same or increases - a realistic projection between now and, say, 2030-2050 - then we can only conclude that the rest of the sources of energy in our new energy mix can only increase in price relative to other prices in the economy. Total available supply shifts permanently to the left. Total demand cannot outstrip available supply, so prices have to rise to destroy potential demand.

You can accept some practical arguments that our sources of renewable and alternative sources of energy are not technically feasible, or not scalable, but it is rubbish to assert that they are not economical. Once we remove petroleum from our current energy mix then we will be comparing our remaining sources of energy with one another - or the next best alternative - and not with petroleum.

Of course, it is perfectly possible that our new mix of energy is not sufficient to run our existing infrastructure in which case there will be wealth destruction and stranded assets as we abandon investments made in that unsustainable development. And it is also perfectly possible that the loss of petroleum from our current energy mix will result in lower living standards. On the other hand those new sources of power will be a source of wealth as well.

As such I think that higher prices today are not a market failure - or too late as you suggest - and are rising in-line with future expectations of scarcity. However, how fast those prices can rise are a function of the cost of production of energy; the rate of decline of EROEI; the global economy's ability to absorb higher energy costs relative to the price of other goods and services; as well as a function of the availability and viability of substitutes and alternatives. The volatility of those rapid price rises reflects a great deal of uncertainty by market participants and energy producers and users about how those variables effect one another.

Don't forget that just because $130 oil is generating $4 trillion in oil wealth does not mean that it is generating an equivalent amount of new exploration and drilling or even investment into alternative energy. Most of that money paid-out as royalties to oil producing nations' governments is being spent elsewhere in the economy and perhaps not even in a sustainable or sensible manner.


MrBill, that was an absolutely fantastic piece of analysis. Thank you. I'm glad I asked the question because I think your response may be quite helpful to others as well.

I think you have nibbled around on all of those issues before, but I don't recall you putting things quite the way you did above.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby dmtu » Thu 22 May 2008, 16:25:23

The most important thing to understand about money is how it is created therefore inflated. The Bankers and oilmen own this world with their misanthropic institutions like the Federal Reserve, International Monetary Fund and Bank of International Settlements along with underlying clubs like the CFR.

I start you off at chapter seven, but you can go to the beginning if you like by clicking the links at the top of the page. Would you care to comment on these slides if you have the time Bill?

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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby BigTex » Thu 22 May 2008, 17:51:07

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dmtu', 'T')he most important thing to understand about money is how it is created therefore inflated. The Bankers and oilmen own this world with their misanthropic institutions like the Federal Reserve, International Monetary Fund and Bank of International Settlements along with underlying clubs like the CFR.

I start you off at chapter seven, but you can go to the beginning if you like by clicking the links at the top of the page. Would you care to comment on these slides if you have the time Bill?

http://www.chrismartenson.com/money_creation


The Crash Course on that page has been discussed in other threads and I enjoyed listening to him.

Fractional reserve banking and money creation have been discussed in lots of threads. Search mmasters threads if you want to read more on that topic.

The problem, to me, is not money creation through this type of system, so much as money creation that is inflationary. As MrBill has discussed before, if the rate of money growth matches the rate of economic growth, there shouldn't be a big inflation problem. It's when money growth begins to significantly outpace economic growth for a long period of time that you run into trouble.
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby dmtu » Thu 22 May 2008, 18:52:47

I haven't been around for a long time. I probably popped off way too fast, and I should have started from the top and worked my way down rather than from the bottom up.

To answer you though, money growth has largely been out of step with GDP since Nixon was running the show. In 1964 three SILVER dimes would buy you a gallon of gas, three SILVER dimes would buy you a gallon of gas as late as two weeks ago, however silver will catch back up.

"We must not let our rulers load us with perpetual debt. We must make our election between economy and liberty or profusion and servitude. If we run into such debt, as that we must be taxed in our meat and in our drink, in our necessaries and our comforts, in our labors and our amusements, for our calling and our creeds...[we will] have no time to think, no means of calling our miss-managers to account but be glad to obtain subsistence by hiring ourselves to rivet their chains on the necks of our fellow-sufferers... And this is the tendency of all human governments. A departure from principle in one instance becomes a precedent for[ another]... till the bulk of society is reduced to be mere automatons of misery... And the fore-horse of this frightful team is public debt. Taxation follows that, and in its train wretchedness and oppression."

Thomas Jefferson

Of course another liability of this system is that there is never enough money created to pay back the interest incurred and owed to the PRIVATE banking cartel. Regardless the perfect storm is currently building off shore and I hope it washes the Rothschild's, their minions, and their insidious system into the ocean. I am no fan of of ill advised legislation. Can anyone say ethanol? If we were operating within free markets then ethanol would be scoffed at rather than preached from the pulpits of high government as well as being subsidized. Government has never been the answer and will not be the answer going forward. Wall Street has not been lazzie fair since the early 1920's, the monopolies, pseudo monopolies and multinationals are well in control and spewing consumption propaganda to the masses. That's all well and fine but the masses are tapped out and the growth must come to and end shortly because if there is no one to take loans, there is no soil for the corrupt system to plant more roots. If there is no oil then there is no fertilizer for the petro dollar.

You're right I'll run along to the other threads now. :oops:
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby BigTex » Thu 22 May 2008, 19:00:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dmtu', 'I') haven't been around for a long time. I probably popped off way too fast, and I should have started from the top and worked my way down rather than from the bottom up.

To answer you though, money growth has largely been out of step with GDP since Nixon was running the show. In 1964 three SILVER dimes would buy you a gallon of gas, three SILVER dimes would buy you a gallon of gas as late as two weeks ago, however silver will catch back up.

"We must not let our rulers load us with perpetual debt. We must make our election between economy and liberty or profusion and servitude. If we run into such debt, as that we must be taxed in our meat and in our drink, in our necessaries and our comforts, in our labors and our amusements, for our calling and our creeds...[we will] have no time to think, no means of calling our miss-managers to account but be glad to obtain subsistence by hiring ourselves to rivet their chains on the necks of our fellow-sufferers... And this is the tendency of all human governments. A departure from principle in one instance becomes a precedent for[ another]... till the bulk of society is reduced to be mere automatons of misery... And the fore-horse of this frightful team is public debt. Taxation follows that, and in its train wretchedness and oppression."

Thomas Jefferson

Of course another liability of this system is that there is never enough money created to pay back the interest incurred and owed to the PRIVATE banking cartel. Regardless the perfect storm is currently building off shore and I hope it washes the Rothschild's, their minions, and their insidious system into the ocean. I am no fan of of ill advised legislation. Can anyone say ethanol? If we were operating within free markets then ethanol would be scoffed at rather than preached from the pulpits of high government as well as being subsidized. Government has never been the answer and will not be the answer going forward. Wall Street has not been lazzie fair since the early 1920's, the monopolies, pseudo monopolies and multinationals are well in control and spewing consumption propaganda to the masses. That's all well and fine but the masses are tapped out and the growth must come to and end shortly because if there is no one to take loans, there is no soil for the corrupt system to plant more roots. If there is no oil then there is no fertilizer for the petro dollar.

You're right I'll run along to the other threads now. :oops:


Nice post. I really like the Thomas Jefferson quote.

Are you a Harry Browne fan? He's one of my favorites.

How about Ralph Borsodi? I like him a lot too.
:)
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BigTex
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Re: A place for Mr. Bill to teach Depletion Econ 401?

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 26 May 2008, 06:35:27

BT, a follow-up post on your question about inflation and bond yields. Let me know if you cannot access the link. Thanks.

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$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'R')ising inflation, like so much of the world economy in recent years, can be explained partly by the increasingly complex links between developed and emerging economies. Emerging economies shared some responsibility for America's housing and credit bubble. As Asian economies and Middle East oil exporters ran large current-account surpluses, they piled up foreign reserves (mostly in American Treasury securities) in order to prevent their currencies from rising. This pushed down bond yields. At the same time, cheap imports from China and elsewhere helped central banks in rich economies hold down inflation while keeping short-term interest rates lower than in the past. Cheap money fuelled America's bubble.

Now that this bubble has burst, the cross-border monetary stimulus has changed direction. As the Fed has cut interest rates, emerging economies that link their currencies to the dollar have been forced to run a looser monetary policy, even though their economies are overheating. Emerging economies with currencies most closely aligned to the dollar, notably in Asia and the Gulf, have seen the biggest price rises. Countries, such as Mexico, that have more flexible exchange rates and are more committed to inflation targets have done better.


Source: Inflation's back

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The organized state is a wonderful invention whereby everyone can live at someone else's expense.
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