by MrBill » Thu 02 Aug 2007, 04:37:58
Good question, Eli, because this is very topical. High prices today, unlike after the supply shocks in the 1970s, are definitely from higher demand for crude on the back of expanding economies, especially in Chindia and the rest of Asia and the developing world.
This insulates the price of oil from a slow-down or recession to be sure. There will be demand destruction at the margins from a slow-down, but transport fuel demand is rather inelastic in the short to medium term, and worldwide base demand is higher than it was in, say, 1999-2001 when we saw commodity prices, including oil, trough.
The Economic Effects of Oil Price Shocks
The core of world economies are using more oil because their economies have grown in absolute size, plus there are another 700 million people in the world since then, and no matter how low their consumption per person is, it is never going to be negative.
The IEA sees +2.2% p.a. increase in demand through 2012. They expect production to increase by just +1% over this period. Demand outstripping supply I believe spells higher real prices.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')Global markets are currently seeing a financial rather than an economic crisis, and while one cannot exclude the possibility of the current carnage having a meaningful impact upon the underlying economies, we would expect these effects to be largely confined to the G7 markets, in particular the US, as well as those emerging which are dependent upon short-term capital flows (one particular ex-EU accession state is seems rather exposed).
Thus, we see a compelling buying opportunity opening up for Russia - with strong earnings growth, far, far cheaper than India or China, and with infinitely better macros than Brazil, the Russian market is becoming increasingly undervalued.
Given the wild volatility in global markets, we are very hesitant as regards timing the bounce, but we would stress the fact that Russia is not affected by the credit rout in any meaningful fashion.
Only in the event (in our view, very unlikely) that the current turbulence turns into a fundamental collapse of the secular Asian/Emergings growth story will we be forced to change our very constructive view on Russia.
Source: Eric Kraus, Anyatta Capital, advisor to the:
Nikitsky Russia/CIS Opportunities Fund
August 2nd, 2007
Also, as you mentioned, oil companies are having to spend more in exploration, drilling, extraction, transport, refining and distribution, but they are finding less oil to replace reserves. Meanwhile, energy nationalization has put more reserves out of the multi's reach. You can argue about it all you want, but anecdotally I think it is fair to say that public companies are more transparent and efficient than NOCs. I compare a Lukoil, say, to a Gazprom, or ExxonMobil to Saudi Aramco, for example.
So with the cost of building refineries having doubled since 2002, and it being increasingly hard to find new reserves, the oil companies have been using surplus cash to do share buybacks and to pay dividends to shareholders rather than plough that money back into exploration and development.
That itself is a signal that they think the risks outweigh the benefits. That also has to lower future potential supply growth, unless the oil juniors pick-up the slack left by retiring oil majors.
To answer your question directly I think that a US recession would affect nominal oil prices, but real prices will hold-up as demand outstrips supply. So relative to wage growth, or lack of it, oil will not get cheaper. Its nominal price will depend on the value of the US dollar as well. A weaker US dollar will result in higher nominal prices as expressed in dollars. However, even then I would expect the price of oil to remain quite stable as measured in euros or a backet of other currencies.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'C')ommodities including oil and metals will probably ``evade'' losses in equities and bonds that were sparked by the U.S. subprime mortgage-market rout, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. said.
Goldman commodity analyst Jeffrey Currie said he's sticking with a previous forecast for strong oil prices, predicting $95 a barrel by year-end if OPEC keeps production unchanged and $73 if the group starts pumping more.
``Fallout from the U.S. credit contagion for commodities is likely to be relatively limited,'' Goldman's Currie, James Gutman and Allison Nathan said in a July 27 note. ``Even if the U.S. recovery does stall, the impact on commodities would likely be relatively limited as it is emerging markets demand that has taken over as the main driver for commodities.''
Source: Aug. 1 (Bloomberg)
And given long-lead times you cannot expect that interruptions caused by uncertainty and/or a recession can quickly be corrected. Even with solid growth of 4-5% p.a. in the global economy over the past decade, quite stable, most of the supply increase came from using up existing spare capacity and not from new investment. Now that spare capacity is gone, due to higher global growth, so future supply growth can only come through the drill bit.
Of course, the world is still far too energy inefficient as the latest study from McKinsey shows. Not only do some countries still subsidize energy consumption, thereby encouraging more demand and inhibiting a shift to lower, more efficient energy use, but even in many countries that do not specifically subsidize energy use they still skew demand to automobiles, for example, by using public money to build more expressways and over-passes.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')In 14 states the retail price for gasoline is less than the world price for oil (comparison data is taken as of November 2006; one liter of crude oil cost $ 0.38 at that time). It is possible due to considerable state subsidies. Turkmenistan (2 US cents per liter), Venezuela (3 US cents), Iran (9 cents), Lybia (13 cents) and Saudi Arabia (16 cents) are out of competition. Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, Yemen, Oman, Algiers, Brunei and United Arab Emirates also sell gasoline at very cheap prices.