by MrBill » Tue 11 Jul 2006, 03:46:00
Latest report from GS on oil & base metals market. Particular attention paid to the transition from the exploitation phase of existing capacity to take advantage of higher prices to the investment phase which is dependent on continued higher prices.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '"') The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
July 10, 2006
Commodity returns continued to outperform during 1H2006
Global Commodity Research
Halfway through 2006, commodities returns are up 5.3% year to date, lower than the gains achieved during 1H2005, but still well above returns across most of the major financial indices. A closer look at the oil and metals sub-sectors suggests that strong oil returns have been led by rising long-dated prices required to continue to motivate investment in long-term projects given escalating costs and uncertainty. In contrast, explosive base metals returns have been led by strong near-dated timespreads given the current supplied-constrained environment.
Going forward, we believe a continuation of these dynamics is likely to continue to support commodity returns. We therefore maintain our recommendation for an overweight allocation to commodities. However, we are modestly lowering our energy returns forecast to 9% from 10%, and are downgrading our recommended allocation for energy from overweight to neutral. As a result, we have lowered our GSCI total returns forecast over the next 12 months to 9% from 10% previously.
Commodity returns continued to outperform during 1H2006
Halfway through 2006, commodity returns are up 5.3% year to date, lower than the gains achieved during 1H2005, but still well above returns across most of the major financial indices (see Exhibit 1). A closer look at the oil and metals sub-sectors suggests that strong oil returns have been led by rising long-dated prices required to continue to motivate investment in long-term projects given escalating costs and uncertainty. In contrast, explosive base metals returns have been led by strong near-dated timespreads
given the current supplied-constrained environment.
Going forward, we believe a continuation of these dynamics is likely to continue to support commodity returns. We therefore maintain our recommendation for an overweight allocation to commodities. However, we are modestly lowering our energy
returns forecast to 9% from 10%, and are downgrading our recommended allocation for energy from overweight to neutral. This revision leaves our GSCI total returns forecast over the next 12 months at 9%.
Specifically, petroleum returns have remained strong – up 14% over 1H2006 – as higher prices have been required to induce spending on new infrastructure following the depletion of excess oil supply and delivery capacity earlier this decade, which generated the shortages, price volatility and backwardation that characterized the oil market in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Higher prices have been particularly required to motivate
investment in oil capacity as costs to build new capacity have continued to escalate, as have the risks involved in developing capital-intensive, long-lead-time projects. However, while continued spending is required to generate excess capacity, it is
important to note that five years after the transition of the oil market from an “exploitation” phase – in which supply was increased by simply increasing utilization rates or “exploiting” the existing capacity – into the current “investment” phase – in
which new investments have been required to grow the supply base – increased spending has begun to expand overall oil delivery and storage capacity (see Exhibit 2). Moreover, the higher prices required to motivate the increased spending in recent years has slowed oil demand growth and led to a rise in marginal, quick-to-market production, such as from stripper wells, pushing the market into a near-term surplus. These factors have increased the flexibility in the system, better equipping the oil market to absorb shortterm supply and demand shocks. The reduced dependency on price to force physical adjustments has muted spot price/timespread volatility.
Thus, while petroleum returns have been strong, in line with the typical rise in prices during investment phases, they have not been explosive given the lower spot/timespread volatility that is also typical several years into an investment phase. It is also important to note that despite the strong performance from oil, the large surplus in natural gas inventories and historically high natural gas prices entering into 2006 have led to extremely negative natural gas returns so far this year, which have weighed on overall energy returns, up just over 2% year to date.
In contrast to oil, investment in non-energy mining has just begun to increase (see Exhibit 3). The impact of increased spending has therefore yet to be felt, leaving base metals supply capacity constrained and struggling to keep pace with demand growth. In other words, the base metals markets are several years behind the oil market in terms of supply capacity growth.
With inventories across most of the base metals complex already at exceptionally low levels, the inability to increase supply in the near term has left the market dependent on price spikes to force demand down in line with supply. The general inflexibility in supply
has also left the market extremely sensitive to news flow, particularly related to the economic growth outlook and near-term supply disruptions, given the very limited ability to deal with fundamental shocks. As a result, spot price and timespread volatility has surged across most of the base metals, with the recent volatility in base metals reaching the extreme volatility of the oil market back when its constraints were binding (see
Exhibit 4). This environment of constrained capacity and near-term shortages that has led to strong near-dated timespreads has generated explosive returns in base metals, up 46% over 1H2006.
Going forward, we believe similar dynamics will drive oil and metals returns over the next year. We maintain that despite the near-term surplus in oil and the increased flexibility in the oil complex, continued investment will be required to prevent the oil market from slipping back into a shortage environment and to create the excess capacity necessary to move prices sustainably lower (see Goldman Sachs’ Energy Watch, July 5, 2006 for more details). As result, we believe prices will need to remain at the recent higher levels and could continue to rise should production costs and uncertainty continue to escalate.
We also still believe that oil demand growth will reaccelerate during 2H2006 as yearover- year increases in prices continue to decline and consumers become more comfortable with the higher-price environment, which we expect to draw inventories to lower levels and tighten timespreads. However, the combination of increased delivery and storage capacity, together with near-term surpluses has reduced our expectations on the extent that timespreads can tighten as well as on the upside skew to price risk. As a result, we are modestly lowering our forecast of energy total returns over the next twelve months to 9% from 10% and downgrading our recommended energy allocation from overweight to neutral.
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