by Kez » Wed 14 Jun 2006, 15:11:44
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ReserveGrowthRulz', 'T')he sugar beet farmers are pretty excited about their product. They don't like corn either, and neither does the research I've seen on which is better to convert to alcohol.
ReserveGrowthRulz, I respect your thoughts but please take a moment to analyze my research.
Ask yourself this question - where does the energy in the ethanol (the final product) come from? The answer is from the sun, via photosynthesis.
I have done some calculations, details of which can be found below. If you have different yield numbers or whatever, then post them, but I chose the *best* numbers that I found, not averages. Here is the summary though, and it's not good for ethanol. Please take some time to research photosynthesis and understand that ethanol from any plant is a huge, inefficient mess, when compared to other things, like solar panels.
The net result from my calculations is that
sugar beets are 0.32% efficient at collecting the energy from the sun. What that means, is that if a solar panel is 10% efficient in an area, then growing beets on that same land will yield an efficiency of 0.32% in equivalent joules of energy. This is not going to solve any problems anytime soon. Instead, put up a few solar panels and immediately get 31 times the efficiency of sugar beets, with no irrigation, fertilization, pesticides, complicated harvesting/fermentation processes, droughts, or 4 year required crop rotations with non-beet species to worry about.
Sources used:
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_lib ... meCh2.html
http://www.onlineconversion.com
http://www.ienica.net/crops/sugarbeet.htm
http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/et ... hap1_4.pdf
Calculations & assumptions:
75 tons per hectare per year (74.3 was the highest in the world, from France)
1 metric ton = 2404.6 pounds
75 * 2404.6 = 165,345 pounds per hectare
At best, 18% of the weight of the sugar beet is sugar
165,345 *0.18 = 29,762 pounds of sugar per hectare per year
1 gallon of ethanol requires approximately 15 pounds of sugar
29,762 pounds / 15 = 1,984 gallons of ethanol per hectare per year
1 hectare = 10,000 square meters
1,984 gallons / 10,000 square meters = 0.198414 gallons per meter squared per year
1 Watt = 1 Joule of energy per second
Average North Texas sunlight is roughly 4.80 kWh per day per meter squared (17,280,000 J / day / m2)
Average Iowa sunlight is roughly 4.00 kWh per day per meter squared (14,400,000 J / day / m2)
Since sugar beets are a cold weather crop, Texas is too hot. So we'll use 15,000,000 Joules per day per meter squared as a basis:
15,000,000 * 365 = 5,475,000,000 Joules per meter squared per year
0.198414 gallons of ethanol per meter squared per year is what we get from sugar beets
88,624,695 Joules of energy in one gallon of ethanol (based on 84,000 BTU)
17,584,380.23 Joules of energy in 0.198414 gallons of ethanol
5.4 billion joules shine upon an area in one year, and growing sugar beets, we manage to capture 17.5 million of them, or 0.3211758947%, using best case scenarios from today's current statistics.
Assume for a moment that we could double the amount of crops per hectare from 75 tons to 150, and then halve the required 15 pounds of sugar to 7.5. That would push our efficiency from 0.32% to a spectacular 1.28%. A bad solar panel would still be 9 times better.
And remember, nowhere in these efficiency numbers is anything about transportation, harvesting, nitrogen, potash, irrigation, crop rotation, phosphorous, pest control, CO2 levels, temperature, soil erosion, fermentation, etc. etc. etc. It only concerns the efficiency of photosynthesis itself, nothing else.
Efficiency of harnessing the sun's energy on earth (photosynthesis vs photovoltaics)
Sugar Cane (one of the very best solar energy absorbing plants on earth) - 2.0% to 3.8% efficient.
A lousy, 10 year-old solar panel, built with old technology - 10%