by jaws » Fri 14 Oct 2005, 16:34:02
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Doly', 'Y')ou have a point in that nobody really understands how economy works, and that's the main reason it all goes belly up from time to time. On the other hand, believing that leaving it alone will solve all the problems it's a bit too optimistic. The market has proved enough times that, left alone, it will get out of desirable parameters quite easily. Laisez faire economics was the mainstream thought in the 19th century, and it lead to both serious social problems and economic disasters like the Great Depression.
The social problems of the 19th century are vastly misunderstood. There is this perception that the 19th century was a period of perfect laissez-faire and thus that any economic problems that popped up during the period can be blamed on laissez-faire. That is gross historical revisionism. Certainly the liberal lobby was the main political force for reform during the period, but they couldn't win on everything. They had to fight for every reform, all the while the laws of economics were still being discovered (marginal subjective value theory, the foundation of economics, wasn't discovered until the second part of the century). The world wasn't really liberalized until the turn of 20th century, the Belle-Epoque as it was called, when global free trade was the norm and the gold standard was king. Conditions then were certainly not as horrible as people fear a free economy creates.
The mass poverty of Dickensian England can easily explained with one single fact: during the period 1760-1830 the population of England doubled. The old economic system began to collapse under the pressure. The economic reforms that created the free market economy saved these people from poverty, and made England the wealthiest country in the world until the ascent of the United States in the early 20th century.
The Great Depression ended the liberal era, but the causes of the Depression are also misunderstood. An economic depression doesn't happen without any reason. The Great Depression was created by rampant government intervention into the economy. The Federal Reserve system had been created in the 1910s, and by the 1920s was gleefully creating credit and inflating the economy. The economy of the 1920s is remembered as exhuberant, but it was fueled by inflationary excess. Eventually the inflation put too much pressure on the gold standard and the Federal Reserve had to reverse course on its policies. The credit disappeared and overnight the financial system collapsed.
To add insult to injury, the Hoover administration decided it would be a good idea to fix the financial depression by imposing import tariffs, thus promoting domestic demand. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act went into effect on June 17, 1930, imposing record tariffs on many goods. America's trading partners, in outrage, imposed retaliatory tariffs on American goods. What happened next was tragically preditable: perfectly good industries that had survived the financial crash collapsed. Unemployment was a worrisome 9% on the day the bill went into effect. Two years later it was 25%.
The rest is history, as they say. The gold standard vanished as governments tried to combat the effect of their intervention with more intervention. International trade essentially disappeared entirely into WWII. It has taken 50 years of WTO negotiation to bring back globalization to where it is today, and trade is still not as open as it once was.
So to conclude, it is not true that a free market economy goes off the rails for no explainable reason. Some industries sometimes collapse, but in the grand scheme of the economy one industry does not matter. It is when multiple industries collapse simultaneously that problems occur, and the only thing that can cause so many industries to fail is the force of government.