by EnergySpin » Sat 06 Aug 2005, 14:59:43
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The struggle to simply get by, should that happen on a wide scale, doesn’t seem as depressing to me as the endless struggle to get more. No wonder there is a pill out there for every possible or imagined mental malady.
When so many have so much time to sit on their butts and do nothing but pout over what they don’t have I’m not surprised to see people think they have something wrong. I’m sure there are people with physiological problems, I think there are many more with ‘I want’ problems.
Research does support your observation pops. Check page 13 of
What Can Economists Learn about Happiness :
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A') relevant personality factor that might intervene is, for instance,
that individuals who prize material goods more highly than other values in life tend to be
substantially less happy (Joseph Sirgy 1997). Similarly, people whose goals are intrinsic, i.e.
those who define their values by themselves, tend to be happier than those with extrinsic
goals, i.e. those oriented towards some external reward, such as financial success or social
approval (Tim Kasser and Ryan 2001). ....
There may be many different reasons why higher income does not simply translate into higher
happiness. Without doubt, one of the most important ones is that individuals compare
themselves to other individuals. It is not the absolute level of income that matters most but
rather one’s position relative to other individuals. This idea of relative income is part of the
more general aspiration level theory. Concepts of interdependent preferences due to
comparisons with relevant others (see e.g. Gary Becker 1974; Frank 1985; and Robert Pollak
1976) supplement ideas focussing on preference changes due to comparison with, for
example, one’s past consumption level or expected future income. In economics, Easterlin (1974, 1995, 2001) uses the concept of aspirations as a frame of
reference to explain happiness. He acknowledges that people with higher income are, on
average, happier, but raising everybody’s income does not increase the everybody’s
happiness, because in comparison to others income has not improved. This interpretation of
the data is supported by laboratory findings showing the importance of relative judgements
for happiness (Richard Smith, Diener, and Douglas Wedell 1989 and Amos Tversky and Dale
Griffin 1991).
Many economists in the past have noted that individuals compare themselves to significant
others with respect to income, consumption, status or utility. Thorstein Veblen (1899) coined
the notion of “conspicuous consumption”, serving to impress other persons. The “relative
income hypothesis” has been formulated and econometrically tested by James Duesenberry
(1949), who posits an asymmetric structure of externalities. People look upwards when
making comparisons. Aspirations thus tend to be above the level reached.
Wealthier people
impose a negative external effect on poorer people, but not vice versa.
Happy reading ....