by kublikhan » Fri 24 Aug 2018, 10:56:21
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('noobtube', 'T')o say Venezuela is corrupt implies a complex system, as I understand it. But, how could Venezuela possibly be anywhere near as corrupt as a complex system like the United States? Never understood the argument that banana republics and African dictators were corrupt. How could they be? With what complexity?
You should examine some of Venezuela's currency and price controls for you answer. They make the US look like a model of simplicity in comparison. So much complexity has been added to Venezuela's system there are rife opportunities for corruption.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'F')or years, Venezuela has had a hole in its pocket, a very big hole. The government’s complex currency system has led to exorbitant schemes by importers, who wildly inflate the value of goods brought into the country to grab American dollars at rock-bottom exchange rates. Sometimes, they fake the shipments altogether and import nothing at all.
Then they just pocket the dollars that the government provides, or sell some of the money for a gargantuan profit on the soaring black market here for American currency. Tens of billions of dollars needed for vital imports have been drained this way from Venezuela’s treasury, officials say, but the loss is especially painful now.
That has Venezuelans on the left and the right in rare agreement, clamoring for someone to be held accountable for the vanished billions. “It’s scandalous,” said Víctor Álvarez, a leftist economist and government minister under Hugo Chávez, the former president who died in 2013. “It’s like the robbery that our people were subject to in the time of the conquest and the colonies, when the gold and silver were carted off by the ton.”
During the boom years of high oil prices, little was done to stop the billions that disappeared through corruption and fraud. But today, with the country in a deep economic crisis marked by recession, crippling inflation and shortages of goods like milk, condoms and shampoo, the missing billions are particularly conspicuous.
Estimates of the import fraud vary, but a former president of Venezuela’s central bank, Edmée Betancourt, has said that up to $20 billion of the $59 billion that went to product imports in 2012 disappeared through fraudulent transactions.
At the heart of the import ploys are the country’s currency controls, which were begun in 2003 by Mr. Chávez. They are based partly on the populist notion that providing cheap, essentially government-subsidized dollars to importers translates to cheap imported goods for the masses. But
economists say the controls create vast incentives for fraud. The system is rife with opportunities for abuse, the main one being wildly inflated invoices.
Such maneuvers mean automatic profits, which only multiply once the money goes through the black market. An importer can buy United States currency from the government for as little as 6.3 bolívares to the dollar, then turn around and get as many as 280 bolívares to the dollar on the black market. Venezuelans call the churning of bolívares and dollars “the bicycle” because the process can go around and around indefinitely, generating exorbitant profits in both currencies along the way.
As the economic crisis has deepened in recent months, the government has cut back sharply on the dollars available to importers, worsening shortages but still not eliminating opportunities for fraud.
Jorge Giordani, a former finance and planning minister, has often railed against the fraud that permeates the system. “It’s a financial system that operates like a sieve,” he said in a recent interview. The scale is mind-boggling, creating distortions in the regional economy.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')S authorities are charging a network of Venezuelan elites and international financial actors with laundering over a billion dollars stolen from the state-owned oil company, illustrating once again how corruption has ransacked the South American country, and why it can be considered a mafia state.
The PdVSA officials and business people involved allegedly exploited Venezuela’s foreign currency exchange system to increase the value of company funds obtained from the oil company through bribery and fraud. Because of differences between the actual exchange rate and a government-set rate, connected individuals in Venezuela could steal huge amounts of money from the PdVSA.
Moreover, PdVSA is not the only government institution in Venezuela subject to rampant corruption. As InSight Crime revealed in a recent investigation, virtually any potential avenue for graft is being exploited while the government of President Maduro turns a blind eye to secure the loyalty of those around him. Cases include members of the armed forces, members of the first family and possibly even the president, who according to the Miami Herald may have participated in the PdVSA money laundering operation, although he is not mentioned by name in the US investigation report.