by GHung » Sat 18 Aug 2018, 20:31:36
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('kublikhan', 'I') think one of the biggest problems is wealth inequality. The US wealth inequality is on the level you would normally find in a banana republic. The Healthcare & education systems too need an overhaul IMHO. Too much money spent for too little result. There are a plethora of examples of better systems to look at in other countries. Put the nation's infrastructure on the list too.
It seems to me that in the above areas money is not flowing to the correct places. Poor systems in place, plain old greed, etc.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U').S. costs are high due to general inefficiency -- inefficient project management, an inefficient government contracting process, and inefficient regulation. It suggests that construction, like health care or asset management or education, is an area where Americans have simply ponied up more and more cash over the years while ignoring the fact that they were getting less and less for their money. To fix the problems choking U.S. construction, reformers are going to have to go through the system and rip out the inefficiencies root and branch.
This is why infrastructure is so expensive$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')wo years ago, I suggested that the U.S. economy is riddled with strangely high costs in key sectors of the economy. Now, more and more people seem to be zeroing in on this problem. Blogger Scott Alexander has a long, excellent rundown of high costs in five areas -- K-12 education, college, health care, infrastructure and housing. Americans pay much more for a university education than do people in Europe or East Asia. They pay about twice as much for health care, even though the quality is about the same. And the U.S. pays about twice as much for infrastructure, again without any clear difference in quality.
I’d add one more sector: finance. Retirement saving in the U.S. is dominated by managers who charge fees that seem small, but end up taking a huge chunk of people’s lifetime savings. Real estate agents typically get commissions equal to about 5.5 percent of the sale price of a home, compared to smaller commissions in most other rich countries.
So if cost disease and government can at most be only part of the story, what’s going on? One possibility Alexander raises is that “markets might just not work.” In other words, there might be large market failures going on.
The health-care market naturally has a lot of adverse selection -- people with poor health are more inclined to buy insurance. That means insurance companies, knowing its customers tend to be those with poorer health, charge higher prices. Also, hospitals could be local monopolies. And college education could be costly in part because of asymmetric information -- if Americans tend to vary more than people in other countries with respect to work ethic and natural ability, they might have to spend more on college to prove themselves. This is known as signaling.
When high costs are due to market failures, interventionist government can be the solution instead of the problem -- provided the intervention is done right. So the more active governments of countries like Europe and Japan might be successfully holding down costs that would otherwise balloon to inefficient levels.
But there’s one more possibility -- one that gets taught in few economics classes. There is almost certainly some level of pure trickery in the economy -- people paying more than they should, because they don’t have the time or knowledge to look for better prices, or because they trust people they shouldn’t trust.
This is the thesis of the book “Phishing for Phools,” by Nobel-winning economists George Akerlof and Robert Shiller. The authors advance the disturbing thesis that sellers will continually look for ways to dupe customers into paying more than they should, and that these efforts will always be partially successful. In Akerlof and Shiller’s reckoning, markets don’t just sometimes fail -- they are inherently subject to both deceit and mistakes.
That could explain a number of unsettling empirical results in the economics literature. For example, transparency reduces prices substantially in health-care equipment markets. More complex and opaque mortgage-backed securities failed at higher rates in the financial crisis. In these and other cases, buyers paid too much because they didn’t know what they were buying. Whether that’s due to trickery, or to the difficulty of gathering accurate information, it’s not good -- in an efficient economy, everyone will know what they’re buying.
So it’s possible that many of those anomalously high U.S. costs are due to the natural informational problems of markets. If that’s the case, the government should mandate better information -- more transparent bidding for construction projects, more price disclosure in health care and so on. The American people, complacent because of long years of prosperity, may need help in learning how to be savvy bargain hunters.