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THE Transportation Infrastructure Thread (merged)

A forum for discussion of regional topics including oil depletion but also government, society, and the future.

Unread postby Eli » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 11:38:46

Oh it is not all bad. I mean it.
The airlines get a D because of lack of capacity,y well there are about to be a lot less flights so that one is out.
The roads are bad but there is about to be a lot less over the road trucking and people traveling thousands of miles for no good reason. And the Bridges are about to see a lot less wear and tear.
What we are going to see is a shift in infrastructure priority with rail and mass transit becoming a lot more reasonable than personal transport.
And we may see more distributed energy production that may help elevate the problems on the energy grid.
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Unread postby Wildwell » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 11:56:21

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('linlithgowoil', 't')hing is though, how many times do you read all these reports and they say 'unless something is done, there'll be disaster!', and then the projected year of disaster comes and goes, nothing happens, and the reports continue to say 'disaster ahead'! for ever more.
maybe the reports are simply written by folk who want more money ploughed into their industry? i'd be very surprised to see a report from a car manufacturer say 'Everything's great! We don't need any money for the roads!' - of COURSE they are going to ask for more and more money, and embellish the claims of impending doom etc.
infrastructure worldwide has laways been crappy as far as i can remember. hasn't the USA always had shocking road surfaces? i was in florida in 2000 and the roads were all cracked - it resembled a third world country in some areas, but its always been like that hasnt it? things still seem to get done.

There’s always a lot of politics involved with these things, in part it is correct that some of the ‘impending doom’ scenarios are written by people looking for more money, but a lot of this is psychology.
1. Risk management. Firstly there is no such thing as absolute safety, engineers have to make a decisions along with (ahem) accountants about how much money should be spend on a dam, a bridge, air traffic control system and so on. Because someone has to pay, either the customer or the taxpayer. The UK in particular has thrown a huge amount of money at ‘safety paranoia schemes’. When you consider that bugs in national health hospitals may be killing 30,000 people a year and most accidents are in the home, you can quickly find a situation where you are spending a huge amount of money on something that is relatively safe purely because of political pressure and public paranoia. Eg rail. With out impending energy crisis we are going to have a major problem with the press paranoia and associated additional safety costs, planning and execution of nuclear power station schemes.

2. Expectation. People want low taxes and top grade infrastructure. A lot of the US problems and certainly UK problems are caused by past under investments. Back logs do build up when ‘assets are sweated’, that is, no money is spent and you get as much as you can out of your infrastructure in order to save money, thereby building up longer term problems. People also want planes, buses, trains to run on time 100% of the time and congestion free roads. It’s just unrealistic. No transport system runs on time, whether that’s caused by road accidents, headwinds slowing down planes, truck drivers accidentally bashing rail bridges, bomb alerts, stray animals or just imperfect operation and people want to use things at certain periods (work peaks, holidays) So there is a tendency to ‘gold plate’ things to make sure things do not fail, and add capacity that is unused the rest of the time. Europeans are more inclined to throw tax money at things, and German’s and the Japanese tend to heavily engineer things for reliability. If citizens don’t mind paying that’s fine, sometimes this type of engineering produces long term savings. In short, some of that huge figure above may be ‘political’.
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Unread postby jeffvail » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 12:38:01

On an optimistic note:

Denver recently (2004 election) passed the largest initiative-based light rail project ever. I've got my issues with it, but I think that it will ease any transition to some extent, especially as it is designed to provide a realistic commute alternative for those in the suburbs. Perhaps most telling, this is a case of SUV-happy Americans overwhelmingly agreeing to pay more taxes to invest in mass transit infrastructure.

fastracks webpage

Probably too little, too late, and it doesn't address the underlying issues, but...
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Unread postby holmes » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 13:10:56

WOW. SOS. Good post Monte. I think we are missing the point. The infrastructure is not an apocalyptic senario. It just is an example of even today with "cheap" energy we cant sustain the infrastructure. Do you think we are going to sustain any form "modern" infrastructure when there is no oil available? or alternative infrastructures in an exponentially based society? Ma Nature manages herself. Our "new" Ma Nature needs Massive amounts of oil or slave labor. Now that we have suspended all other forms of alternative living, where to now? But it really is telling how the empire is deteriorated. Also adding more bodies to the heap is not making anything easier or more solvable. Einstein new this. But its a fantasy believing we can just move on like nothing when cheap oil goes. In Planning we are running into ecological limits already. transportation is increasingly becoming more dependent on Gas taxes.
another intelligent post By Monte. I see the deterioration all the time. I Bike and walk 90% of the time.
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Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 14:25:14

Let me start my post by saying I agree that the challenge to have a soft landing is monumental, and one of those components will involve maintaining and expanding some parts of the infrastructure.
As others have already replied but I’ll second, asking engineers if things need to be fixed is like asking politicians if they want you to contribute to their campaign fund. You know what the answer is going to be.
But I wish people would stop with the other more inflammatory statements, or at least modify the language of them. “The grid is going to fall apart”, the “infrastructure is breaking down” and “we can’t afford to fix it” statements. Maybe this will be undeniably true 50-100 years from now, but it certainly isn’t true now. We still have the capacity to make major changes right now, there just hasn’t been an impetus to do so… yet.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')Existing transmission facilities were not designed for the current level of demand.
Of course they weren’t. When they build everything that goes into a grid they project out demand over x years. They don’t build the grid to handle demand in the year 3120. Yes parts of the infrastructure are old. But they are still serviceable, if they weren’t, there would be mass blackouts and people would be furious, and changes would be made. Just look at the changes from the 2003 NE blackout.

Let me ask all of the naysers something.
What are the processes and who determines whether a particular piece of the grid gets upgraded? Alternatively, why is it that you feel the “grid is breaking down”? We certainly have the money (right now) available in the economy to fix it, so why is it “breaking down”? … what force is creating this supposed condition?
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Unread postby cube » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 14:48:35

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('linlithgowoil', 't')hing is though, how many times do you read all these reports and they say 'unless something is done, there'll be disaster!', and then the projected year of disaster comes and goes, nothing happens, and the reports continue to say 'disaster ahead'! for ever more.
..........
You do have a good pt. Yes sometimes the doomsayers like to "embellish" their stories a little to suite their political agenda. Everybody does it. The greenies, homeless advocates, unions, feminists, ect...

Much like the boy who cried wolf eventually people get numb and don't care to listen anymore even when it does get serious. Yes it's true, the government has a tendency to "neglect" the infrastructure when the economy gets bad. But when the economy picks up they start to repair all the potholes on the freeways. Luckily for the US we have recovered from every recession. That's why our freeways are still driveable. PO will ensure that we don't.

So this time it's going to be for real.

I'm not trying to say we're going to have potholes 6 feet deep but here's my prediction. The government will try to charge for what they used to give out for "free"....and give out less of it. In some ways that's happening right now. For example back in the old days school bus tranportation has always been free. Now they actually charge money for it. There are now special home owners dues that go to paying for things that the city used to maintain using property taxes alone like street lamps and mowing the lawn at the local park.

What's next? Freeways with toll roads? The idea would of been considered absurd 20 years ago, now there's people in high places making a big push for it.
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Unread postby MonteQuest » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 15:01:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('linlithgowoil', 'm')aybe the reports are simply written by folk who want more money ploughed into their industry? i'd be very surprised to see a report from a car manufacturer say 'Everything's great! We don't need any money for the roads!' - of COURSE they are going to ask for more and more money, and embellish the claims of impending doom etc.

Yes, JD has that take as well. I bet he didn't even read the report, just dismissed it out of hand. The report is 195 pages long with cited sources.

Like this for the electrical grid:
Sources
Consumer Energy Council of America, Keeping the Power Flowing, January 2005
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual 2003, December 2004
U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Strategic Plan FY2004–FY2008, November 2004
North American Electric Reliability Council, NERC Acts to Strengthen Grid Reliability, February
2004
U.S. Government Accountability Office, Electricity Restructuring: 2003 Blackout Identifies
Crisis and Opportunity for the Electricity Sector, November 2003
Congressional Budget Office, Prospects for Distributed Electricity Generation, September 2003
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electricity Transmission Fact Sheet, August 2003
U.S. Energy Information Administration, The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry
Infrastructure, October 2002
U.S. Department of Energy, National Transmission Grid Study, May 2002
Edison Electric Institute, Energy Infrastructure: Electricity Transmission Lines, February 2002
ASCE Policy Statement 144, “Energy Policy,” 2004
ASCE Policy Statement 299, “Infrastructure Improvement Policy,” 2003
ASCE Policy Statement 453, “Federal Capital Budgeting,” 2003
ASCE Policy Statement 484, “Generation and Transmission Capacity,” 2004
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('JohnDenver', ' ')Asking the American Society of Civil Engineers whether the infrastructure is in good shape is like asking your mechanic whether he thinks you need a new transmission. They tend to exaggerate because its good for business....You guys are really grasping at straws

Grasping at straws? :lol: To just dismiss this extensively researched report as "business posturing" is a classic case of the denial that goes through the cornucopian mind.
John, how can we not question your objectivity?
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Unread postby MonteQuest » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 16:03:19

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', 'A')s others have already replied but I’ll second, asking engineers if things need to be fixed is like asking politicians if they want you to contribute to their campaign fund. You know what the answer is going to be.

You obviously didn't read the report either nor look at the cited references and studies. Don't quote any of them in the future as credible sources to support your position.
What is this? Hard facts that don't fit your mindset are just dismissed out of hand? Who would you believe for a report card on the US infrastructure? The one that gave it an A?
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Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 16:52:34

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', '
')As others have already replied but I’ll second, asking engineers if things need to be fixed is like asking politicians if they want you to contribute to their campaign fund. You know what the answer is going to be.

You obviously didn't read the report either nor look at the cited references and studies. Don't quote any of them in the future as credible sources to support your position.
What is this? Hard facts that don't fit your mindset are just dismissed out of hand? Who would you believe for a report card on the US infrastructure? The one that gave it an A?

I'm not dismissing it out of hand, so don't put words in my mouth. I was just questioning the source, which is a perfectly valid thing to do. Or do you never question the bias/motives of anyone?
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Unread postby MonteQuest » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 17:11:01

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', ' ')I'm not dismissing it out of hand, so don't put words in my mouth. I was just questioning the source, which is a perfectly valid thing to do. Or do you never question the bias/motives of anyone?

Then critique the data, not the motives. It took me days to absorb the data and check the links cited. I always question my sources. BiGG never does, for example. He just parrots the stuff that fits his agenda. Over the last 30 years, I have learned to look at both sides of the equation, least I become blinded to my own bias.
So, are you telling me you question the motives of the people who provided the data for the report? That's the "source." You read it in it's entirety? If not, I call your comments "dismissing it out of hand."
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Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 17:30:17

I did not read the whole report, however I did read the section on the power grid, because expanding the grid is (I think) one way to help deal with declining oil.
There is nothing in the report which described a true physical roadblock to expanding the grid. None.
Their report is essentially the same as the report that came out of the investigation into the 2003 blackout. Their report finishes with:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he U.S. grid can no longer be allowed to operate under weak voluntary reliability guidelines from industry. The nation cannot afford to continue a piecemeal approach to the siting,construction and repair of the national transmission grid.
• Congress must require strict federal oversight of the conditions and operation of the grid by the FERC. In turn, FERC must adopt stringent, mandatory national standards for the safe operation, construction and maintenance of the transmission grid nationwide.
• Rightofway acquisition must be accelerated under federal oversight.

“weak voluntary reliability guidelines”. “mandatory national standards”.
Changing policy is a piece of cake once it is blatantly obvious. That’s unfortunately the way we operate - do nothing until you have to.
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Unread postby MonteQuest » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 17:45:57

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', 'I') did not read the whole report, however I did read the section on the power grid, because expanding the grid is (I think) one way to help deal with declining oil.
There is nothing in the report which described a true physical roadblock to expanding the grid. None.

No?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he Consumer Energy Council of America (CECA), a national association of utility officials, state regulators and consumer advocates, warned this winter that support for new investment in the transmission grid is declining.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Investment in transmission lines during the next 10 years is
expected to be $3 billion to $4 billion per year, while the line miles
of transmission added will be only one third the rate of electricity demand. In addition, transmission maintenance expenditures
have decreased at a rate of one percent annually since 1992, which can affect the reliability of the system.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')n 2001, the U.S. actually experienced a decrease of two percent over all in electric power production. The decrease was unusual, in that net U.S. generation has historically increased from year to year. It was only the second time in more than 50 years that there was a decrease in net generation, according to theEnergy Information Administration of the U.S. Energy Department (EIA).

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')ver the past 10 years, utilities have been reluctant to put major investment into transmission lines without knowing how deregulation would affect these assets; therefore, the growth of the grid was slow and remains so. While the level of new transmission lines being constructed is low, the upgrading of existing transmission assets for a number of utilities is a major effort. Upgrades would provide the fastest and most economical approach to improvement of the grid, but there is a limit to the improvement using this approach.
Thus, the future of the U.S. transmission network is uncertain and is a continuing concern. Overall use of the transmission system is growing without significant additions of new construction or upgrades. Approval of new projects and the acquisition of new rightsofway havebeen difficult. Many customers oppose having new transmission facilities built nearby. These transmission facilities support interstate commerce; but the siting and approval are generally a state and local governmental responsibility. In addition, the prelude to deregulation created and continues, to some degree, to cause limited investment in the transmission system
However, they do promote decentralization:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'M')eanwhile, new technology may alleviate the worst of the problem. Distributed generation—the smallscale production of electricity in fuel cells located at or near customers' homes and businesses—has the potential to improve the reliability of the power supply, reduce the cost of electricity and lower emissions of air pollutants, according to the Congressional Budget Office.
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Unread postby SD_Scott » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 18:04:34

It's the same story in industry. Man just wasn't born to do maintenance. It's not in our makeup. It has to be learned and strickly enforced. In fact, it's one of the biggest thorns in the side of industry. As an engineer, I F'in hate maintenance. Maintenance is a hassle and it's difficult for the people who do it to prove that it's needed. We often don't know it's needed till it's too late or allmost too late. It's the first thing to get the budget axe, because you don't get something new. A little civic pride would help. San Diego is easy to be proud of, but some areas around the country are IMO a total loss.

Thats just maintenance, don't get me started on preventative maintenance.
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Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 18:27:07

Monte referenced the following quotes:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he Consumer Energy Council of America (CECA), a national association of utility officials, state regulators and consumer advocates, warned this winter that support for new investment in the transmission grid is declining.

Ok, and this is a permanent problem how?
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')nvestment in transmission lines during the next 10 years is expected to be $3 billion to $4 billion per year, while the line miles of transmission added will be only one third the rate of electricity demand.

"line miles of transmission added will be only one third the rate of electricity demand" is very vague. I'm not an expert but the only way this statement makes sense is if the bulk of the new demand will be from new areas that don't now have it, or are otherwise maxed out. If they are maxed out, they are not planning well. Otherwise equating demand increases to line distances is like saying 50 people want to travel to New York, but we only have 1 vehicle. Well if that 1 vehicle is a big bus, you can get them all on board. The ISO that I work for recently got approval to build a 500kV line. Some of the industry players wanted a 240kV line, or multiple 240kV lines... more electicity will be able to go over 500kV line and it'll be more reliable and efficient. I'd be surprised if ASCE are pulling stuff out of their arses, so more clarification is needed.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')n 2001, the U.S. actually experienced a decrease of two percent over all in electric power production. The decrease was unusual, in that net U.S. generation has historically increased from year to year. It was only the second time in more than 50 years that there was a decrease in net generation, according to theEnergy Information Administration of the U.S. Energy Department (EIA).

And how is this a problem? Production always equals demand, so if anything maybe we got more efficient!
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')ver the past 10 years, utilities have been reluctant to put major investment into transmission lines without knowing how deregulation would affect these assets; therefore, the growth of the grid was slow and remains so. While the level of new transmission lines being constructed is low, the upgrading of existing transmission assets for a number of utilities is a major effort. Upgrades would provide the fastest and most economical approach to improvement of the grid, but there is a limit to the improvement using this approach.

Ok, it's a major effort. It won't be free. In fact, it'll be a major effort. But again, how is this an achilles heel to expanding the grid?
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Unread postby MonteQuest » Mon 18 Jul 2005, 23:27:43

FatherofTwo,
You chose to dismiss this report out of hand. That is your right. The infrastructure has a grade of D with a cost of 1.6 trillion over 5 years just to bring it to a C, much less expand it.
You cannot focus on just one aspect (the grid) and make the case that there is no physical obstacles to expanding the grid in isolation.
This report makes it quite clear: We don't have the money or time to repair and maintain what we have, much less build anything new to prepare for or mitigate peak oil.
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Unread postby savethehumans » Tue 19 Jul 2005, 01:25:58

Does anyone know how much $$ they spent on this report, to come to a conclusion that any John or Jane Doe who lives with the woes of our infrastructure would've happily given you for FREE? :evil:
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Unread postby MonteQuest » Tue 19 Jul 2005, 02:42:59

For those who dismissed the ASCE report as bullshit.
Sustainable Water Infrastructure for the 21st Century
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'C')lean and safe water is critical for human and ecosystem health. Our nation's livelihood depends, in large part, on the quality of our water - for drinking, swimming, recreation, economic uses, and other benefits of healthy ecosystems. Over the past 20 years communities have spent more than $1 trillion (in 2001 dollars) on drinking water treatment and supply and wastewater treatment and disposal. However, the infrastructure that provides us with drinking water and treats our waste water is aging. Much of it was constructed in the period following World War II and will be reaching the end of its useful life in the next 20-40 years. As a nation, we will be challenged to ensure that we can keep pace with the infrastructure needs of the future. Utilities and their local communities must provide the primary sources of funding to meet those needs. While federal and state funding can help water utilities meet future needs, other strategies may be appropriate for addressing the challenges we face in maintaining our nation's water infrastructure. EPA

America’s Overburdened Infrastructure Eroding Quality Of Life
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')ashington, D.C. – The United States Conference of Mayors (USCM) President and Akron, OH Mayor Donald L. Plusquellic, along with USCM Transportation Committee Chair and Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels,
will join the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in a press conference releasing their 2005 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure on Wednesday, March 9, 2005 at 10:30am at the National Press Club.

I guess the mayors are all in on the "take."

For you, FatherofTwo:
Transforming the Electric Infrastructure
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')f the electric power grid is to meet 21st−century demands, society will need to invest in extensive modernization.
An additional and significant stress on the North American power delivery system results from the discrepancy between the growth in demand for power and the expansion of the delivery system to meet that demand. From 1988 to 1998, US electricity demand rose by nearly 30% while the transmission network's capacity grew by only 15%. In its Electricity Technology Roadmap: 2003 Summary and Synthesis, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) anticipates that the disparity will further increase during the period 1999−2009: The institute projects demand to grow by 20% and system capacity to increase by just 3.5%.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')ut the simultaneous convergence of several independent difficulties has caused serious turmoil in the business aspects of the electricity sector. Increasingly, wholesale markets are thwarted by the inability of the aging US power delivery system to support transactions. Further expansion of retail deregulation has essentially come to a stop. Credit markets have shut out nearly all of the high−risk energy trading companies, whose business has turned from boom to bust over the past several years. Other industry members have seen their credit ratings drop, and financing costs for the industry have risen dramatically. Those strains on business have affected any number of stakeholders in the electricity sector; they are unable to plan, unwilling to invest, and stalemated in their attempts to devise a way out of the current dilemma.
Link
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Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Tue 19 Jul 2005, 13:34:49

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', 'F')atherofTwo,
You chose to dismiss this report out of hand. That is your right. The infrastructure has a grade of D with a cost of 1.6 trillion over 5 years just to bring it to a C, much less expand it.
You cannot focus on just one aspect (the grid) and make the case that there is no physical obstacles to expanding the grid in isolation.
This report makes it quite clear: We don't have the money or time to repair and maintain what we have, much less build anything new to prepare for or mitigate peak oil.

I'm not dismissing it out of hand. (maybe my posts seem like I am, but I assure you I am not.)
Yes, of course, expanding the grid can't be done in isolation. But as peak oil hits, and as we are forced to make wiser choices about where energy is allocated, I think the grid is one area that will be called upon, there will be little other alternatives. Whatever takes to expand the grid it’ll be done. It’ll be a major effort, and it may not be a resounding success, but I still haven’t seen any fatal problems or weaknesses preventing a rejuvenation.
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Unread postby FatherOfTwo » Tue 19 Jul 2005, 13:38:01

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')f the electric power grid is to meet 21st−century demands, society will need to invest in extensive modernization.
An additional and significant stress on the North American power delivery system results from the discrepancy between the growth in demand for power and the expansion of the delivery system to meet that demand. From 1988 to 1998, US electricity demand rose by nearly 30% while the transmission network's capacity grew by only 15%. In its Electricity Technology Roadmap: 2003 Summary and Synthesis, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) anticipates that the disparity will further increase during the period 1999−2009: The institute projects demand to grow by 20% and system capacity to increase by just 3.5%.

So I gather the underlying assumption is that we are pushing the grid to the breaking point by over-leveraging the infrastructure. Not good, but not an irreversible trend either, especially when it becomes imperative to increase the grids capabilities.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')ut the simultaneous convergence of several independent difficulties has caused serious turmoil in the business aspects of the electricity sector. Increasingly, wholesale markets are thwarted by the inability of the aging US power delivery system to support transactions. Further expansion of retail deregulation has essentially come to a stop. Credit markets have shut out nearly all of the high−risk energy trading companies, whose business has turned from boom to bust over the past several years. Other industry members have seen their credit ratings drop, and financing costs for the industry have risen dramatically. Those strains on business have affected any number of stakeholders in the electricity sector; they are unable to plan, unwilling to invest, and stalemated in their attempts to devise a way out of the current dilemma.

Re-regulation isn’t out of the question, nor is drastically increased oversight, especially in what will essentially be an emergency.
However I will concede that my view of the grid is greatly influenced by my daily interactions with the ISO that I work for here in Canada. Perhaps things are that much more buggered up in the US, it wouldn’t be the only example. :P
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Unread postby Tyler_JC » Tue 19 Jul 2005, 14:18:43

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FatherOfTwo', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', 'F')atherofTwo,
You chose to dismiss this report out of hand. That is your right. The infrastructure has a grade of D with a cost of 1.6 trillion over 5 years just to bring it to a C, much less expand it.
You cannot focus on just one aspect (the grid) and make the case that there is no physical obstacles to expanding the grid in isolation.
This report makes it quite clear: We don't have the money or time to repair and maintain what we have, much less build anything new to prepare for or mitigate peak oil.

I'm not dismissing it out of hand. (maybe my posts seem like I am, but I assure you I am not.)
Yes, of course, expanding the grid can't be done in isolation. But as peak oil hits, and as we are forced to make wiser choices about where energy is allocated, I think the grid is one area that will be called upon, there will be little other alternatives. Whatever takes to expand the grid it’ll be done. It’ll be a major effort, and it may not be a resounding success, but I still haven’t seen any fatal problems or weaknesses preventing a rejuvenation.

FatherOfTwo...
We need 1.6 trillion to bring us up to a C in the next 5 years.
Ignoring expanded airways and other illogical investments, we can get that number down to 1 trillion. However, if you want to bring us up to a B or an A (which would probably be required to have a nuclear economy) we will need closer to 2 trillion or more.
That means a budget the size of the Pentagon every year for 5 years. We also have a budget deficit the size of the Pentagon budget.
So the US must figure out a way to raise taxes to the tune of 2 Pentagons. That would kill the economy. Granted some jobs would be created by hiring electricians and construction workers to rebuild our roads/trains/dams/etc. But the overall damage caused by a tax hike of that magnitude...

Interestingly, 2 Pentagons equals roughly the amount of revenue generated by the income tax. Are we planning on doubling the income tax here??
Or we could just cut Medicare out of the budget completely. Actually, we would have to cut out both Medicare and Medicaid entirely to match the shortfall.
And during this time, the economy will probably not be growing as fast as federal expenditures. This will add to the shortfall.
Don't forget that higher energy prices will cut demand, less gas taxes to pay for the roads.
And a recession would further cut tax revenue AND increase unemployment expenditures.
And if you destroy the economy in the process of creating a new economy...it's a waste.
"www.peakoil.com is the Myspace of the Apocalypse."
Tyler_JC
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