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what underlies oil pricing?

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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby ennui2 » Fri 26 Dec 2014, 15:03:44

Occam's Razor tells me fracking is working and margins ARE high enough to make it worthwhile even at these prices. Sure, there are pundits who say this is some overarching ploy to punish Russia or banksters are shorting themselves for some sort of ponzi scheme. This may be true, but there's no way to really tell once and for all until later. But in the meantime, society seems to run better with $60 oil than $100 oil, despite the damage to the environment, so I'm not going to look a gift horse in the mouth.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby dolanbaker » Sat 27 Dec 2014, 07:55:04

Don't know if this has been posted already, but it claims that the price has been buoyed by QE.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby dolanbaker » Sun 28 Dec 2014, 10:26:41

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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Byron Walter » Sun 28 Dec 2014, 17:33:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dolanbaker', 'D')on't know if this has been posted already, but it claims that the price has been buoyed by QE.


Yeah, but purchases of treasuries and MBS were at 85 billion a month and were gradually brought down by 10 billion a month during which time oil actually went up before making a fast face plant.

Seems much more likely an over correction of demand/supply price dynamics. Pretty typical in the oil biz with prices since 1998 ranging from around 10 bucks to 147 or so.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby ROCKMAN » Sun 28 Dec 2014, 18:35:39

"But in the meantime, society seems to run better with $60 oil than $100 oil, despite the damage to the environment, so I'm not going to look a gift horse in the mouth." As you said, time will tell. No one has a clue how the world's economies will respond to $60/bbl oil because there's no clear picture yet of the ultimate effect of $90+/bbl and all the QE influence. If one uses oil consumption as a rough metric of economic vitality: how much did oil falling from $98/bbl in 2008 to $58/bbl in 2009 boost the global economy? It didn't: oil consumption of $58/bbl oil was a bit less then the consumption of $98/bbl oil.

By December 2015 we'll likely have the answer. In fact, by July we should have a pretty good hint. Especially if we back out any increase in Chinese consumption. China consumption which actually increased in 2009 making the decline in the rest of the world that year appear even more severe.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Pops » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 19:53:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Numbersman', 'T')he main premise is that due to increasing costs to extract, ship, and refine oil, the useable energy in a barrel of oil is falling. Therefore, the price should be falling in proportion to the useable energy.


This makes no sense. If energy is becoming scarcer, whatever the reason, why on earth would it become cheaper?
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Observerbrb » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 20:29:36

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Pops', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Numbersman', 'T')he main premise is that due to increasing costs to extract, ship, and refine oil, the useable energy in a barrel of oil is falling. Therefore, the price should be falling in proportion to the useable energy.


This makes no sense. If energy is becoming scarcer, whatever the reason, why on earth would it become cheaper?


Because this is the same energy that powers the economic system. As its ability to power it is strangled due to increasing extraction, production and refining costs (it is really the energy investment to obtain energy), we cannot afford to pay for higher prices.

The Price of oil is not determined by extraction, production and refining costs. What ultimately determines the Price of oil is the ability of the end-consumer to pay for it. And this capability is determined by the net-energy that flows into the economic system, which is getting scarcer as time passes by.

As you see, this is a self-reinforcing loop. Some years ago this was not a problem. Oil was cheap and the costs to extract, proccess and distribute it were also really low. The system was disturbed by the increase in the Price of oil due to rising costs. This destroyed the demand as the end consumer had to cut the energy consumption. Now this downward spiral is going to destroy a good amount of the supply, as it is more than evident that we cannot pay a 100 USD barrel of oil (Who is going to pay for it? The guys who are on foodstamps, or the ones who saw how their wages were reduced, or maybe the ones who have to pay off their debts or the 25% unemployed in Spain or Greece?).

The cause of the economic crisis in 2008 was that less net-energy was entering the system, and the consequence is that we cannot pay again for a 145 USD barrel of oil. And even less money. I compare this situation with a financial tsunami, as the financial system will realize that debts will not ever be repaid. We are right now in the phase when the sea is receding...
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Plantagenet » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 20:36:19

Price in an open market is controlled by supply and demand.

Supply has been very slowly increasing for the last few years, mainly because of US fracking. The global economy has been very slowly growing since 2009, and over the last few months an imbalance developed between supply and demand, resulting in a glut of oil in the market. There is a review of oil supply and demand data on the "news" page showing oil supply exceeded demand by about 2 million bbls/day during the latter part of 2014. The oversupply in oil created an oil glut and resulted in a 40+% collapse in oil prices.

Drilling is already starting to slow in the US oil patch due to the low oil prices. Drilling is also slowing in the North Sea and other areas. Less drilling will eventually result in an end to the oil glut, with tightening occurring in the oil market and concomitant increases in oil prices to come sometime in the future.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby rockdoc123 » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 21:13:52

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he cause of the economic crisis in 2008 was that less net-energy was entering the system, and the consequence is that we cannot pay again for a 145 USD barrel of oil


Yeah, right. It had nothing whatsoever to do with sub-prime mortgages, government support of lending firms in this area of business and the fact most of the major financial institutions in the US were way too leveraged in this area? :roll:

Last time I looked individuals do not pay $100/bbl for oil....they do not pay for a barrel of oil at all. They do pay for products from that oil such as gasoline. If you look at the change in gasoline price between when oil is at $50 versus when it is at $100/bbl the differential ends generating a little over $1000/year in savings for an average person, driving a relatively fuel efficient gas burner 30 miles/day. That's the equivalent of a Starbucks coffee /day (and not one of the fancy ones). And the people who can't afford that extra $1000/year of spending are no doubt also the ones who are beating each other up at the local electronics shops on Boxing Day sales in order to walk away with a new 60 inch plasma screen TV?
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Observerbrb » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 21:54:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('rockdoc123', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he cause of the economic crisis in 2008 was that less net-energy was entering the system, and the consequence is that we cannot pay again for a 145 USD barrel of oil


Yeah, right. It had nothing whatsoever to do with sub-prime mortgages, government support of lending firms in this area of business and the fact most of the major financial institutions in the US were way too leveraged in this area? :roll:


Of course it has to do, but that wasn't the trigger of the event. The FED could have continued to kick the can down the road if it weren't for the bump in oil prices. Printing money at low interest rates backed with an endless supply of cheap energy could create bubbles like that and mask them for much more time.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'L')ast time I looked individuals do not pay $100/bbl for oil


I never said that "individuals" were paying for it, but the economy as a whole, which is in the end an aggregate of individuals. If the economy is a "whole", the fact that some parts (individual cases that I put as example) of it are financially strangled affects the total.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '.')...they do not pay for a barrel of oil at all. They do pay for products from that oil such as gasoline.


I supposed that this was included when I said that the oil is extracted, processed, refined and distributed. I thought that this was common sense and my aim was trying to simplify the subject, sorry for not being specific.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '
') If you look at the change in gasoline price between when oil is at $50 versus when it is at $100/bbl the differential ends generating a little over $1000/year in savings for an average person, driving a relatively fuel efficient gas burner 30 miles/day. That's the equivalent of a Starbucks coffee /day (and not one of the fancy ones).

If you look at the very basic, individual effects of any change in prices, results are going to be almost negligible. I am not talking about individuals, but about the whole economic system. What for one person is a modest Starbucks, for the GDP of a country it makes a difference about +1%, and for an airline will result in saving several hundred thousands or even millions of dollars.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')nd the people who can't afford that extra $1000/year of spending are no doubt also the ones who are beating each other up at the local electronics shops on Boxing Day sales in order to walk away with a new 60 inch plasma screen TV?

Again, that would make a big difference for LG, Sony or another company that sells big plasma screens.

I am from Spain(though I don't live in Spain anymore), and the oil-based fuel consumption of this country has been decreasing since 2007/2008 (when the financial crisis hit hard the country). With a 25% unemployment, 8 years of uninterrupted decreasing wages in both the private and the public sector, and continuous tax increase (both VAT and personal income tax), Banks are not issuing loans to anyone, public debt is skyrocketing... do you think that spaniards can afford to pay the same 2007 oil price (and its products) ?
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Pops » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 22:56:36

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Observerbrb', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Pops', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Numbersman', 'T')he main premise is that due to increasing costs to extract, ship, and refine oil, the useable energy in a barrel of oil is falling. Therefore, the price should be falling in proportion to the useable energy.


This makes no sense. If energy is becoming scarcer, whatever the reason, why on earth would it become cheaper?


Because this is the same energy that powers the economic system. As its ability to power it is strangled due to increasing extraction, production and refining costs (it is really the energy investment to obtain energy), we cannot afford to pay for higher prices.


You are making a completely different argument than Numberman, he's arguing from production cost and you from demand - ability to pay. Incidentally, that the price of oil will fall in the long term is an idea I agree with, been talking about it for a while.

But it is one thing to say the market can't and or won't bear higher cost and quite another to say more energy embodied in a barrel of oil, (or gallon of unleaded as roc points out) means the price should be falling - if a barrel now is the net result of almost a barrel invested rather than a tenth barrel invested as back in the day, it only stands to reason that the price should be double what it once was, not half.

Don't be distracted by the cost to produce or net energy or any other of that gobbledygook, the price of oil is set at the margin, buy the purchaser unless some cartel or other constrains supply. What the bid is for the last barrel sold is essentially the price paid for every barrel sold that period, period. If the cost to produce is too high then someone goes broke and some adjustment will be seen in the next auction.

Just to prove the point, the cost to produce didn't drop by half in the last 12 months and the net energy embodied in a barrel didn't rise or fall 50% either. The market simply thinks oil is going to be cheaper and more plentiful in the next session than it is today so todays price falls - when the market changes it's mind and thinks the price will be higher and the supply tighter tomorrow, the price will rise.

it ain't rocket surgery.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby ROCKMAN » Mon 29 Dec 2014, 23:45:18

"If energy is becoming scarcer, whatever the reason, why on earth would it become cheaper?" I would say it could easily become cheaper (for a limited period of time) if the global economies regress as it did in the mid 80's leading to $12/bbl and in 1997 leading to $17/bbl. Just as all time high global oil production the last few years lead to record high average yearly oil prices: economic vitality.

And if my suspicion that the recent price decrease is again the result of global economic then you have your answer again. Technically speaking isn't there less oil reserves left in the world today, selling for $55/bbl, compared to how much oil reserves there were a couple of years ago when prices were bouncing around $100/bbl?

What's that line Carvel coined: "It's the economy, stupid". Not that Pops is stupid...one of the sharper pencils in our kit here.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby ennui2 » Tue 30 Dec 2014, 00:31:29

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Observerbrb', '
')Because this is the same energy that powers the economic system. As its ability to power it is strangled due to increasing extraction, production and refining costs (it is really the energy investment to obtain energy), we cannot afford to pay for higher prices.


Nonsense. The price needs to go up long enough for people to feel the bite of scarcity before they reduce their spending. The sticker-shock comes first, THEN the economic downturn. That's what happened when we had our biggest oil-shocks back in the 70s.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Observerbrb', '
')The cause of the economic crisis in 2008 was that less net-energy was entering the system


Gee, I thought it had something to do with real-estate and collateral-debt-obligations. Ever heard of that angle?
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby ennui2 » Tue 30 Dec 2014, 00:34:14

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ROCKMAN', 'T')echnically speaking isn't there less oil reserves left in the world today, selling for $55/bbl


No, because we now have more recoverable oil than before, thanks to fracking (at least temporarily). Looking at things purely as a function of conventional-crude is a proven fail, which is why sites like The Oil Drum don't even exist anymore, since they bet the farm on Hubbert's curve which was based only on estimates of conventional crude.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby rockdoc123 » Tue 30 Dec 2014, 01:06:35

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')f course it has to do, but that wasn't the trigger of the event. The FED could have continued to kick the can down the road if it weren't for the bump in oil prices. Printing money at low interest rates backed with an endless supply of cheap energy could create bubbles like that and mask them for much more time.


Well you can explain that to all the banks in the world that foundered and those that didn’t. You have over simplified a situation by assuming a consequence of the market falling apart was the actual cause. As the banks began to fail they had to deal with meeting margin calls everywhere. What is the first response? Dump your long positions in resources including oil. That resulted in a spiraling collapse in oil prices, especially since there was almost without doubt a lot of speculation in the over wrought pricing in 2008 (supply could easily deal with current demand, it was the thought of much greater demand in the future that drove it)
.

Please note that oil prices have been around $100/bbl for sometime since then and guess what …..no banks going under, no collapse. The world can deal with that price of oil for at least a number of years it would seem. The current situation has zip to do with demand falling off because of price and everything to do with supply increasing. Demand has been increasing since 2008 albeit slowly, it has been offset by increasing supply from the US and other non-OPEC sources.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Pops » Tue 30 Dec 2014, 10:19:15

Exactly roc, lower demand is the same as higher supply, both leave an excess of product on the block which drives down the price. Add in the herd mentality of the market thinking tomorrow will be just like today and you get more extreme examples - '08 & '09 show how far away from reality markets can get.

The OP seems to be saying that because more effort is being expended to obtain oil today, the amount of energy in a barrel of oil is somehow smaller and so should be cheaper. This of course ignores the fact that the amount of energy in a barrel of oil is the same as it ever was. And it ignores demand, which doesn't care about the cost to produce. For that matter it ignores the producers who must recoup the increased cost of the increased effort to produce if he is to continue producing.

I think that theory gets a thumbs down.
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Re: what underlies oil pricing?

Postby Observerbrb » Tue 30 Dec 2014, 14:59:35

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ennui2', '
')
Nonsense. The price needs to go up long enough for people to feel the bite of scarcity before they reduce their spending. The sticker-shock comes first, THEN the economic downturn. That's what happened when we had our biggest oil-shocks back in the 70s.
Gee, I thought it had something to do with real-estate and collateral-debt-obligations. Ever heard of that angle?


The Price went up, and people reduced their spending.

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The economists’ view misses the fact that it is external energy that makes the economy operate the way it does. (...)If energy products are higher priced, energy importers can afford less of them, and there is a tendency of their economies to shrink back to what their economies can afford—fewer employed workers and fewer government programs.

Why is demand not increasing again? The Price will reach its equilibrium again for some time (months) after destroying some supply, but the trend is clear: Oil will cost less and less as time passes by, because we could afford to consume less and less.

And now I have some questions for everyone who thinks that the ETP model is not describing accurately the short-term reality (I would like to read shortonoil comments on the issue, since he proposed it and could defend it much better than me):

Would you invest in artic oil? Who is going to pay for a 100 USD barrel of oil (and its products)? Why do you think that investing in artic oil will be profitable one day again (in the next 10 or 20 years) if less net energy is entering the economy?

Why do you think that oil costing 52 USD is the consequence of a healthy economy when the fact that the global oil breakeven Price is 50 USD (Source: http://makewealthhistory.org/2014/12/16 ... producers/ )? This means that approximately 50% of the oil market is not profitable to extract, refine and distribute. Do you think that this is a good signal and that there is a new era of cheap oil around the corner that will boost the economic growth? Don't you think that this will exacerbate massive deflationary pressures and this will start to broke a heavily indebted system as debts will never be repaid, with bankrupts cascading through the whole economy?

PS. Thanks to everyone for their answers and comments, i really enjoy having a meaningful exchange of arguments here.
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