Some preliminary remarks:
1. I firmly believe that modernity would not have come about without cheap oil
2. I also think that modernity brings about huge psychological changes in mankind
3. I think that some of these psychological afflictions are genetically determined, but that they need the right societal conditions to become "expressed"
4. Finally, I think that societies may change very suddenly (collapse or crash), while these "expressed" afflictions may persist far longer, - a phenomenon which results in a bizarre "disconnect" between psyche and society
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I recently watched an interesting documentary about the psychopathology of our high-tech societies. Autism, Asperger and similar afflictions are spectacularly on the rise, hikikomori is whiping out an entire generation in Japan, ADHD, depression, etc... are all typical for our highly specialized and differentiated societies. (The most famous examples are the enormous prevalence of autism in Silicon Valley, and the fact that engineers, IT'ers, accountants and other "system thinkers" produce far more autistic offspring than other men).
Our societies are seriously sick. (Simple proof for the fact that these are clearly social problems and not merely "genetic" ones: both in time and in space, the change is consistent - there used to be far less autism in previous decades, and the phenomenon is universal, you find it in all societies that are highly industrialized or in the process of getting there).
My simple and somewhat "aspergerish" question is: when peak oil calls for smaller societies, more communal forms of living, and more social integration, instead of differentiation, technocratization and specialization - what will happen to this mass of (mildly) autistic people? They won't be able to cope, and the therapeutic community (psychiatrists, psychologists) which helped them do so, may no longer exist. These people were extremely useful in highly developed societies, but in "devolved" communities they may no longer function.
During the industrial age, the societal conditions were right for this latent genetic destiny to actually be "expressed". The problem is that societal conditions may change very suddenly due to the oil crash, but genetic expressions are here to stay (they lag behind, they change far more slowly).
Those who are seriously thinking about the social consequences of peak oil (let's just say it's a nice exercise), must take this kind of details into account.
A peak oil disaster scenario may be heaven for those who suffer under depression, neurosis or other minor psychological problems (because they'll get rid of those luxury problems), but it may become hell for those who are seriously afflicted and for who there was an entire specialized community that helped them cope.
(Bizarre how you see the world through different eyes once you know about peak oil and imagine the potential effects of its arrival...
Everything changes, and you can relate everything to it!)

In the post peak future, as opportunities in the IT and engineering sectors dry up, positions for tinkers and hermits will be skyrocketing. They'll probably do alright. I suspect this mild autism, which is as you noted linked to certain kinds of excellence, has always played some adaptive part in human society.


