by Typhoon » Wed 12 Apr 2006, 13:19:58
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Jellric', 'I')s there a oil futures options primer available?
Right now I am playing oil by trading in stock options on oil companies. One drawback is there is no 1-to-1 relationship between the oil price and the underlying stock. I would like to know how oil futures options compare to stock options. It sounds like the principle is the same, but I would like to know more.
Oil futures options work just like stock options. When you buy a call option, you have the right to buy oil at the strike price on the expiration date. When you buy a put option, you have the right to sell oil at the strike price on the expiration date. Thus, call options are a bet that the price will go up and put options are a bet that the price will go down. To buy options, you pay an up-front premium. Obviously, someone sells you the option. Option selling can be risky if there is a dramatic price move, but the rationale behind it is to consistently collect premiums and to hope that it works out. It's like an income strategy.
Here are a few examples (not recommendations) to illustrate options:
Example #1: You can buy the December 2006 $80 call option for about $3.15. This call option is
out-of-the-money (OTM), since the strike price ($80) is above the current price ($72.50). If the price of oil does not end up above $80 by December 2006, you lose your entire $3.15. Your breakeven point is $83.15, and you can make unlimited profit above that.
Example #2: You can buy the December 2006 $60 call option for about $13.60. This call option is
in-the-money (ITM), since the strike price ($60) is below the current price ($72.50). This call option is obviously more expensive, so potential returns in percentage terms are not as great. On the other hand, you don't lose all of your money unless the price of oil falls below $60. Also, your breakeven is $73.60, which is much lower than the breakeven of the $80 call option.
As you can see, ITM calls are more expensive, but have a higher probability of profit. OTM calls are cheaper, but are more of a gamble. The main difference between futures and equity options is that you can get a lot of leverage by buying or selling the futures contract itself. The maximum equity leverage is only 2:1. Thus, OTM calls on equities are considered to be a risky way to maximize leverage, but on futures they aren't as risky as buying the actual futures contract.
One thing to watch out for about options on oil is that they can be illiquid, despite the fact that crude oil is the world's most actively traded commodity. The examples I used above ($60 and $80 call options for December 2006) have a higher open interest than many other options, and thus are more liquid.
There are so many options concepts that I cannot cover in this post. If you want to be an options trader, make sure you know what you are doing.