From my MBA learning way back when:
JIT was invented I guess by Toyota and co. post WWII as they had no chpoice due to shortages of everything. This became later a premanent way tosave money and a competitive advantage over USA. In USA the Big Three, UAW and whoever had a lot of own manufacture of parts (delphi, etc.) and the product cycle was a lot slower so that it did not much matter if goods sat around, replacement parts etc. This gave flexibility but cost money. The discussion about Taleb's critique of modern systems being hyperefficient hits here. The old systems had longer product life cycles and greater redundancies. There was more waste to be sure and the old UAW run big Three were incompetently run in the 60s-70s before the big competitve drive by the JApanese car makers came and ran them against the wall of bankruptcy. The hyper efficient Japanese had learned first hand QM at the hands of the master inventor of this system:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming
QUOTE
JUSE members had studied Shewhart's techniques, and as part of Japan's reconstruction efforts, they sought an expert to teach statistical control. During June–August 1950, Deming trained hundreds of engineers, managers, and scholars in statistical process control (SPC) and concepts of quality. He also conducted at least one session for top management.[10] Deming's message to Japan's chief executives: improving quality will reduce expenses while increasing productivity and market share.[1] Perhaps the best known of these management lectures was delivered at the Mt. Hakone Conference Center in August 1950.
A number of Japanese manufacturers applied his techniques widely and experienced theretofore unheard of levels of quality and productivity. The improved quality combined with the lowered cost created new international demand for Japanese products.
Deming declined to receive royalties from the transcripts of his 1950 lectures, so JUSE's board of directors established the Deming Prize (December 1950) to repay him for his friendship and kindness.[10] The Deming Prize—especially the Deming Application Prize, which is given to companies—has exerted an immeasurable influence directly or indirectly on the development of quality control and quality management in Japan.[11][12]
[edit] Honors
In 1960, the Prime Minister of Japan (Nobusuke Kishi), acting on behalf of Emperor Hirohito, awarded Dr. Deming Japan’s Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Class.[13] The citation on the medal recognizes Deming's contributions to Japan’s industrial rebirth and its worldwide success. The first section of the meritorious service record describes his work in Japan:[10]
UNQUOTE
So understanding Deming's influence and the effects of his statisitcal QM tachniques on Japan (combinded with forced JIT due to shortages there) explains the hyperefficiencies which took over the USA and the whole western wold imported form Asia in the 80s(when we worshipped Japanese management). This expanded into the search for theprefect management technique in endless books and fads and into acceptance of more "scientific" management techniques as in Deming's work. So profit by scientific management ignored people values and purely experiential relaitonships (think Germany) in favor of abstract mathematical concepts like Deming used. So jobs were shipped offshore and so on as transport costss were cheap and labour was cheap to make JIt a global thing. AS computer communications and flights were easy and cheap and English more and more a global lingua franca and USD a global currency the controls over far flung trade empires were manageable. With fall of communism the picutre was perfect, the End Of History and Neocons wanted to finish the job. Overstretch and overefficient systems have led to Taleb's Black Swan catastrophe. Thank Demings and Macarthur and The Japanese for this one.
Edit: this reminds me of the Marxist concept (Americandream said recently) that capitalism wil collapse when it has gone global. Also similar idea with Dieoff and others. It all seems to come backdown to an overstretched system which experiences decay back down to another level through a black swan. Every Marxist or doomer wants to see it happen but it seems the description is accurate and mathematically correct (bacterial growth,etc.)