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Page added on June 29, 2018
Economic Advisor Warns British Defense Planners Growth Is Ending
Economic growth isn’t coming back. While some level of growth might continue in coming decades, the boom era of seemingly unlimited material throughput we became accustomed to in the middle of the twentieth century is unlikely to ever return again as we enter a fundamentally new age of diminishing returns
These are the conclusions of a new working paper by leading ecological economist Professor Tim Jackson, Director of the University of Surrey’s Centre for Understanding Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP).
And the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) is taking notes.
An earlier draft of the paper, notes Jackson, was “prepared as input into the UK Global Strategic Trends Review”, a forecasting research programme run by the MoD’s Defence Concepts and Doctrines Centre (DCDC), which every few years produces an updated Global Strategic Trends report for the MoD and wider UK government. Jackson also acknowledges feedback from MoD officials in revising that draft to create the concurrent version.
Jackson is former Economics Commissioner for the UK government’s Sustainable Development Commission. From 2010 to 2014, he was Director of the Sustainable Lifestyles Research Group, funded by the UK Department for the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, Scottish Government, and the Economic and Social Research Council. He also advised many other government departments, and held advisory roles for the UN Environment Programme, the UN’s Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the UN Industrial Development Organissation, the European Environment Agency, the European Parliament, and the New Zealand Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment.
The long crisis
Professsor Jackson’s paper examines a range of new data suggesting strongly that chronically low rates of economic growth in recent years since the 2008 crash, far from representing a temporary phase soon to be overcome by a resounding ‘recovery’, are in fact a ‘new normal’ — from which the global economy may never truly recover.
“There remains a disturbing possibility that the huge productivity increases that characterised the early and middle twentieth Century were a one-off, something we can’t just repeat at will, despite the wonders of digital technology,” writes Jackson:
“A fascinating — if worrying — contention is that the peak growth rates of the 1960s were only possible at all on the back of a huge and deeply destructive exploitation of dirty fossil fuels; something that can be ill afforded — even if it were available — in the era of dangerous climate change and declining resource quality. Low (and declining) rates of economic growth may well be the ‘new normal’.”
Jackson draws on a number of prominent economic voices in putting forward his diagnosis, most of whom are widely respected. He cites former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers, for instance, who has recently observed:
“The underlying problem may be there forever.”
Different economists emphasise different causes for the phenomenon. Some point to problems with “sluggish demand”, a deeper reluctance from business and consumers to invest and spend due to new economic uncertanties. Others, like US economist Robert Gordon, point to a supply challenge relating to an escalating decline in the pace of industrial innovation and productivity.
Whatever the underlying drivers of the problem, Jackson shows that the phenomenon is very real — the 2008 financial crash was indeed a major catalysing event. But it was only a particularly bad blip in an unmistakeable long-term downward trend for the rate of global economic growth.
In 1996, the trend rate of growth in the global GDP was 5.5%. By 2016 it was little more than 2.5%.
‘Advanced’ economies trending to zero growth in a decade
When Jackson breaks down the data regionally, the picture is more complicated. After the financial crisis, some of the poorest economies in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia had per capita growth rates below 1% per annum. But in emerging markets like China, India and Brazil, economic growth rates had overtaken growth rates in more advanced economies such as the OECD countries.
Extrapolating the current downwards trend forward has some interesting results:
“Whereas for the global GDP per capita, the point at which growth disappeares is more than 60 years into the future, for GDP per capita in the OECD nations, the point is brought forwards dramatically. In less than a decade, on current trends, there would be no growth at all in GDP per capita across the OECD nations.”
As an indicator of how bad things are looking, Jackson focuses on trends on labour productivity growth. First of all, he looks at the OECD, where we see plummeting rate of productivity growth since the 1970s.
If we extrapolate this trend forward, labour productivity growth would reach zero by 2028.
Then Jackson looks at the UK, a particularly useful case study of the future pathways of industrial development due to being one of the world’s earliest industrialisers.
The data shows that the peak of Britain’s labour productivity occurred between the 1950s and 70s, after which it declined quite steeply, reaching extraordinary low levels after the 2008 crash which are even lower than pre-1900 levels.
Political instability
We are already seeing the destabilising social and political impacts of this situation. The rise of Trump, his turn to neo-fascist policies toward Black and ethnic minorities, immigrants and Muslims, and his alliance with far-right extremist networks in Europe — all driven by an alarming resurgence of populism across both sides of the Atlantic — are direct symptoms of a new economic reality of slowly dying growth:
“Electorates tend to punish administrations badly when social investment falls. If declining growth is met with fiscal austerity it is likely to lead to progressively worse social outcomes and increasing political fragility.”
At the root of the political instability we are seeing in the world, Jackson suggests, is the breakdown in the dynamics of “the existing growth-based paradigm.”
This old dying paradigm is driving environmental damage, exacerbating social inequality and contributing to increased political instability.
Net energy decline
Jackson then goes further, stepping outside of economic orthodoxy to point out the striking evidence of a correlation between the long-term decline in economic growth and underlying resource constraints:
“The suggestion that the rise and fall of productivity growth is associated with the availability of physical resources such as energy and minerals is clearly one that merits further attention. The similarity between the rise and fall in labour productivity shown… and some recent studies of the energy return on energy invested (EROI) in fossil fuels is striking.”
EROI is a measure of the amount of energy used to extract energy from a particular resource. The more energy one can get out compared to what is put in, the better, and the higher the ‘net energy’ available to society. Lower EROI, however, means that less and less energy can be extracted despite increasing investments of energy.
Recent economic research previously reported by INSURGE suggests that the maximum EROI levels for global oil and gas production were reached around the middle of last century.
“Most EROI studies across multiple countries show declining EROI in the last two to three decades,” says Jackson. “So the idea that the rise and fall in labour productivity growth has something to do with the underlying physical resources is certainly not fanciful.”
There are strong grounds then to recognise that the long-term decline in the rate of economic growth is partly related to industrial civilisation’s intensifying exploitation of material resources on the planet, and the diminishing returns from doing so.
The economic crisis is not just about ‘economics’, narrowly conceived: it is about the human species’ accelerating breach of planetary boundaries.
The debt machine
But Jackson points out that declining EROI is unlikely in itself to be the sole driving factor in this broader trend of declining economic growth, which will also be intimately related to a combination of supply and demand issues within the economy.
Among those issues is that to keep growth growing, industrial economies have sought to financialise their economies, even more so as they deal with rising costs of material production. The idea is to increase “liquidity”, spending power, by essentially creating more cheap money — which in simplified terms means flooding the economy with credit. This temporarily lubricates spending power in the economy, but at the cost of expanding levels of debt.
“This has tended to stimulate speculative investment at the expense of productive investment in the real economy,” says Jackson. It also means that the global economy is increasingly unstable, with growth hinging very much on the expansion of debt whose repayability is in question.
And that has meant that this concurrent structure of economic growth has inevitably benefited a tiny rich minority, who sit at the helm of this parasitical financial system — while the vast majority of the world’s poor have seen little or negligible benefits.
What Jackson then shows is that the neoliberal story of growth that has accompanied these processes in recent decades has seen a dramatic increase in structural inequality.
Gutting the poor, working and middle classes
From 1980 to 2014, average income growth in the US was only 1.4%, already quite low overall.
“But the striking part of the story was the reversal in the fortunes of the poorest and richest as beneficiaries of that growth,” observes Jackson.
The bottom 50% of Americans saw their income grow “at a meagre 0.6%, only half the average rate of growth of the economy as a whole. Meanwhile, the incomes of the richest 5% “grew at 1.7% per annum, significantly above the average income growth.” Increasingly, the super-rich benefited from the tepid growth being squeezed out of the planet:
“The average growth rate of the top 0.001% of the population was over 6%, allowing them to increase their post-tax earnings by a factor of seven over the last three decades. The poorest 5% saw their post-tax incomes fall in real terms over the same period.”
This sharp rise in inequality illustrates how the poor, working and middle classes have been gutted — with even reasonably well-off working professionals experiencing an overall unprecedented decline in their purchasing power.
Faced with such diminishing returns, powerful economic producers and shareholders have “systematically protected profit by depressing the rewards to labour.” This has been exacerbated by governments pushing forward fiscal austerity, deregulation, privatisation and liberalisation along with “loose monetary policy”:
“The outcome for many ordinary workers has been punitive. As social conditions deteriorated, the threat to democratic stability has become palpable.”
Rather than rising inequality being an inevitable result of a decline in the growth rate, Jackson argues that rising social-financial instability and inequality result directly from “trying to protect the growth rate in the face of an underlying decline in productivity, by privileging the interests of the owners of capital over the interests of those employed in wage labour in the economy.”
In other words, trying to keep the growth machine growing when the machine itself is running out of steam is precisely the problem — the challenge is to move into a new economic model entirely.
Wither the Singularity?
Having demonstrated an alarming correlation between efforts to accelerate growth at all costs and the systemic deepening of economic inequalities, Jackson goes on to show that an effort by business and government to adapt to the reality of a post-growth economy may hold the best prospects for more equal and prosperous economies of a different kind.
The problem with business-as-usual, he points out, is that it is based on assumptions for which the evidence is rather thin.
The idea is that productivity growth will return, driven chiefly by technological breakthroughs either in low carbon technologies, or in “increased automation, robotisation, artificial intelligence” — or by some combination of both.
In other words, technology, at some point, will save the day. The most explicit variation of this circulating today is the idea of the Singularity — which is when artificial intelligence (AI) reaches a level of super-intelligence that will drive exponential, runaway technological growth, that in turn will solve all our problems.
But in reality, it’s simply not clear that techno-focussed investment strategies alone will actually lead to the hoped for outcomes. The low-carbon revolution is not, as yet, actually taking off. The Paris Agreement still lacks any tangible delivery plans. And it’s not clear that low carbon technologies, even if viable, can simplistically substitute for fossil fuels with the same levels of growth industrial civilisation is accustomed to.
As for AI-driven automation, it is widely recognised that its social consequences might be devastating. It involves essentially replacing workers with technological material assets owned centrally as capital. This means it is not only likely to require increased material inputs and therefore have a higher resource footprint, it is also likely to create “an unequal and increasingly polarised society”:
“There is a real danger that new digital and robot technologies will remove the need for whole sections of the working population, leaving those who don’t actually own the technologies without income and without bargaining power. Meanwhile the owners of these technologies are likely to acquire unprecedented market power, and the conditions for ordinary workers will deteriorate even further.”
Like others, Jackson suggests a Universal Basic Income as a potential mechanism to address this mass disenfranchisement of workers. But there remain serious unanswered questions over how governments committed to austerity in an era of diminishing resource and productivity returns would be able to afford this.
More usefully, Jackson calls on governments, businesses and communities preparing to respond to these issues to begin actively adapting to the underlying drivers of an emerging new economic reality.
Pointing to new research on de-growth and ‘post-growth’ economics, Jackson notes that these approaches increasingly accept that endless “economic growth is neither desirable nor indeed feasible” for the world’s most advanced economies.
If these approaches are not pursued, then we are faced with the probable impacts of business-as-usual: :
“In a growth-obsessed world it is easy to end up overlooking the parts of the economy that matter most to human wellbeing. By understanding and planning for the conditions of the ‘new normal’ associated with low growth rates, it is possible to identify more clearly the features that define a different kind of economy. A simple shift of focus opens out wide new horizons of possibility.”
138 Comments on "Economic Advisor Warns British Defense Planners Growth Is Ending"
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 3:52 pm
Alex Jones is telling everyone FEMA camps are Good now (Literally)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-9MewT930A
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 3:55 pm
The Millennial Socialist are coming -New York Times
https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/06/30/opinion/democratic-socialists-progressive-democratic-party-trump.html
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 4:16 pm
Attention Doomie preppers!
Here is your proof the collapse will be fast
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JCm5FY-dEY
Cloggie on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 4:24 pm
Your country is running out of gas..Literly..
Absolutely… and running straight into a new gas: hydrogen.
Tonight on the 20:00 news:
https://deepresource.wordpress.com/2018/06/26/groningen-wants-to-become-the-dutch-hydrogen-province/
The battle in the Netherlands is between those who want to:
1. abolish gas completely and use heat electric pumps for space heating, powered by wind and solar.
2. reuse the existing nation-wide natural gas grid to distribute hydrogen.
The battle is still undecided.
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 4:37 pm
Michael Moore Says ‘We’re Living The Handmaid’s Tale’ IRL
http://toofab.com/2018/06/30/michael-moore-says-were-living-the-handmaids-tale-irl/
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 4:58 pm
Clogg
I punch Nazi’s on site..I have never touched a ballot box..And I am willing to die for my beliefs..
The only reason your populist movement is wining is because only morons are the people still voting anymore..Look around the entire world, voter turnout is at all time record lows..
You are just rearranging the chairs on the Titanic..And it will be your populist leaders who feel the thunder from the public when the oil starts to run out..The insane public will go bonkers..WHY DIDN”T YOU WARN US AHEAD OF TIME…ETC..
And there will be hell to pay..
Cloggie on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 5:27 pm
And I am willing to die for my beliefs..
Please die for your shabby Marxist beliefs.
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 5:36 pm
Clogg
Marx has been proven right..Fracking, Netflix, Tesla, Uber, Twitter, Amazon (if they paid taxes) all profitless companies..And 75% of all companies that went public last year were profitless..
https://media.8ch.net/file_store/cdfbbddaecc4c921f3b156987950fbebdd43c765b105835ebbbd0b8af1429ed2.webm
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 5:46 pm
Clogg
Communism will win..
Cloggie on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 5:47 pm
Marx has been proven right
Apparently you missed a century worth of planetary social developments. You are intellectually broken beyond repair. It were communist societies themselves who abolished the f*cker, not “evil capitalists”.
Cloggie on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 5:54 pm
Michael Moore Says ‘We’re Living The Handmaid’s Tale’ IRL
I thought you had a problem with fat neckbeard white guys, who can’t dance!?
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 6:06 pm
Clogg
Why don’t you go move to your Utopia Russia..And you can worship the most corrupt government on earth..even Snowden said Putin is corrupt..
https://i.redd.it/zf6cew0f74711.png
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 6:33 pm
Next they will ban birth control (the pill) after they overturn roe v wade..We are going full blown “Handmaid’s tale”..
And there is nothing the far right would love more than to turn young woman into their sex slaves..Just look at their rally in Virginia did you see any woman marching besides them?
Nuff said..
onlooker on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 6:34 pm
http://energyskeptic.com/2016/lambert-hall-energy-eroi-and-quality-of-life/
Charles Hall, one of the founders of EROI methodology, initially thought an EROI of 3 was enough to run modern civilization, which is like investing $1 and getting $3 back. But after decades of research, Hall concluded an EROI of 12 to 14 might be needed as illustrated in the figure below (Lambert and Hall 2014).
This will give you a good idea of what Hall means by EROI (Hall 2011):
If you’ve got an EROI of 1.1:1, you can pump the oil out of the ground and look at it.
If you’ve got 1.2:1, you can refine it and look at it.
At 1.3:1, you can move it to where you want it and look at it.
We looked at the minimum EROI you need to drive a truck, and you need at least 3:1 at the wellhead.
Now, if you want to put anything in the truck, like grain, you need to have an EROI of 5:1. And that includes the depreciation for the truck.
But if you want to include the depreciation for the truck driver and the oil worker and the farmer, then you’ve got to support the families. And then you need an EROI of 7:1
And if you want education, you need 8:1 or 9:1
And if you want health care, you need 10:1 or 11:1
We begin to go over the net energy cliff as soon around 14 if you consider the arts to be an essential component of civilization. Twelve is needed for healthy care, 9 or 10 for education, and 7 or 8 to support a family, so somewhere between 7 and 14 according to how you define civilization (Fig. 12).
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 7:05 pm
THE ENERGY CLIFF APPROACHES: World Oil & Gas Discoveries Continue To Decline
https://srsroccoreport.com/the-energy-cliff-approaches-world-oil-gas-discoveries-continue-to-decline/
MASTERMIND on Sat, 30th Jun 2018 7:22 pm
THE ENERGY CLIFF APPROACHES: World Oil & Gas Discoveries Continue To Decline
I believe we are going to start running into serious trouble, first in the U.S. Shale Energy Industry, and then globally, within the next 1-3 years. The major global oil companies have been forced to cut capital expenditures to remain profitable and to provide free cash flow. Unfortunately, this will impact oil production in the coming years.
https://srsroccoreport.com/the-energy-cliff-approaches-world-oil-gas-discoveries-continue-to-decline/#comment-65168
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 3:00 am
I believe we are going to start running into serious trouble, first in the U.S. Shale Energy Industry, and then globally, within the next 1-3 years.
Yes, people who refuse to acknowledge the situation and love to pretend that continued BAU is possible, are indeed going to run into trouble.
People like you, for instance, who keep claiming that renewable energy “doesn’t work”, where in reality it is the only way out.
No, were are not running out of fossil fuel any time soon. But we are running out of cheap fossil fuel. The good news is that we have enough fossil energy left to build a new 90-100% renewable energy base. We are not going to fall into an “energy cliff”, from which there is no way back. But we must address the energy problem we have, both in terms of climate change as well as in terms of affordability. And as always the rule applies: “first come, first served”. The longer you postpone the transition, the more you become dependent on the knowledge and skills and patents of others.
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 3:08 am
We begin to go over the net energy cliff as soon around 14 if you consider the arts to be an essential component of civilization. Twelve is needed for healthy care, 9 or 10 for education, and 7 or 8 to support a family, so somewhere between 7 and 14 according to how you define civilization (Fig. 12).
Yeah, that’s the Charles Hall story.
One wonders how all these families managed to even exist without fossil fuel, like everybody had to do before 1800. One wonders how the Romans managed to set up an empire ranging from Scotland to southern Egypt. By foot. And about arts… Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, that’s the highest art imaginable… from before the fossil fuel era. The modern world may be great in terms of engineering, but the best art was created before the fossil fuel era: Greece, Rome, Venice, cathedrals, Renaissance, the classical painters.
The modern world only has mindless, depressing concrete, glass and steel on offer.
Mr EROI Charly Hall urgently needs to retire.
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 7:31 am
Clogg
Sleepwalking Into The Next Oil Crisis
https://www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2018/03/23/is-the-world-sleepwalking-into-an-oil-crisis/#509edc8b44cf
Oil discoveries in 2017 hit all-time low –Houston Chronicle
https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Oil-discoveries-in-2017-hit-all-time-low-12447212.php
Just shut up..You only make yourself look weak and retarded..
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 7:33 am
Clogg
Renewable energy ‘simply won’t work’: Top Google engineers
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/11/21/renewable_energy_simply_wont_work_google_renewables_engineers/
Bill Gates: We need global ‘energy miracles’
http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/02/12/bill.gates.clean.energy/index.html
Solar and Wind produced less than one percent of total world energy in 2016 – IEA WEO 2017
https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2017.pdf
UC Davis Peer Reviewed Study: It Will Take 131 Years to Replace Oil with Alternatives
(Malyshkina, 2010)
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es100730q
University of Chicago Peer Reviewed Study: predicts world economy unlikely to stop relying on fossil fuels (Covert, 2016)
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.30.1.117
Shortage of resources for renewable energy and food production (Rhodes 2011)
https://www.scribd.com/document/375501088/Shortage-of-resources-for-renewable-energy-and-food-production-Rhodes-2011
Top scientists show why powering US using 100 percent renewable energy is a delusional fantasy
http://energyskeptic.com/2017/big-fight-21-top-scientists-show-why-jacobson-and-delucchis-renewable-scheme-is-a-delusional-fantasy/
Just shut up..You make yourself look weak and retarded..
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 9:14 am
British based Monocle has published this year’s global “most liveable city” ranking:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bishopjordan/2018/06/25/monocle-most-livable-city-quality-life-survey-2018-munich/#2562d9226153
On top, again Munich.
15 out of 25 and 8 out of the top 10 are European, Vancouver is the only representative from the Americas. Australia has three.
Any doubt who will soon be at the center of the world again?
https://www.rt.com/news/387313-us-losing-leadership-eu-mogherini/
“Solar and Wind produced less than one percent of total world energy in 2016 – IEA WEO 2017”
Yeah, but renewables in Europe are near 20% primary energy. And wind and some solar constitute 44, 36 and 30% electricity in Denmark, Germany and the UK resp. You can stick your 1% in a place where the sun doesn’t shine (but where you still can harvest a lot of renewable energy.lol)
The world may have a problem millimind, but Europe not so much. We will be the first to accomplish the transition towards a “solar economy”.
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 9:17 am
Clogg
A solar economy?
Desert sun in Qatar too hot for solar panels to work
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/desert-sun-in-qatar-too-hot-for-solar-panels-to-work-h23kmktbp
Air Pollution Casts Shadow over Solar Energy Production
http://pratt.duke.edu/about/news/solar-pollution
Germany’s Expensive Gamble on Renewable Energy
https://www.wsj.com/articles/germanys-expensive-gamble-on-renewable-energy-1409106602
Germany Runs Up Against the Limits of Renewables
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601514/germany-runs-up-against-the-limits-of-renewables/
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 9:23 am
Clogg
Europe’s economy will have no growth and collapse within a decade..And if the oil runs short it will collapse within a few years..
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG?locati&locations=EU
So keep swallowing right propaganda like mothers milk blaming immigrants..
When the food runs out maybe Putin will buy you a lollipop!
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 9:39 am
Feeling nostalgic: “Axis Vienna, Rome, Berlin”
Austrian chancellor Kurz talks about “Axis of the willing”
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/horst-seehofer-und-sebastian-kurz-wollen-engere-zusammenarbeit-bei-migranten-a-1212692.html
Fortunately, this time Moscow will be “willing” too, prempting any nostalgic plans Washington might come up with. The latter will have enough on their plate with their own “black-shirts”.
Now where did I put that black-shirt again?
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 9:51 am
Today the fate of the Merkel government could be decided upon:
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/asylstreit-mit-csu-angela-merkel-laesst-offen-ob-es-einigung-gibt-a-1216026.html
Merkel: “Everybody knows this is serious”
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/horst-seehofer-kritisiert-eu-ergebnisse-als-nicht-wirkungsgleich-a-1216039.html
Seehofer: “Not too impressed with Merkel’s EU results”
The suspicion is that Seehofer wants the downfall of Merkel and is seriously contemplating an expansion of his CSU over entire Germany and have a real conservative party in place again, now that Merkel turned the CDU in a stinking Marxist party.
Antius on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 10:10 am
“Desert sun in Qatar too hot for solar panels to work”
Qatar is a peninsula surrounded by sea, with year round clear skies and high solar constant. Solar thermal electricity is the obvious opportunity here, with the sea providing cooling water. The UAE and Saudi have plenty of potential here too.
“Yeah, but renewables in Europe are near 20% primary energy. And wind and some solar constitute 44, 36 and 30% electricity in Denmark, Germany and the UK resp.”
Ultimately, achieving a much greater transition to RE will require different ways of living. Energy storage is expensive and involves energy losses. A transition to RE means adapting demand to intermittent supply. That won’t be easy. Expect labour laws to change to accommodate this; you will be expected to work when energy is available. Consumers everywhere will have to adapt to a situation in which energy is intermittent. They will use it when it’s there and curtail use when it is not. Again, this is very different to the just in time culture that we have become accustomed to.
D on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 10:26 am
Hmm–
Sounds like the Austrians in 1910 arguing about who their next Hapsburg Ruler is going to be.
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 10:50 am
Seehofer about to issue a declaration…
http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/liveblog-zum-asylstreit-horst-seehofer-soll-im-csu-vorstand-masterplan-verteilt-haben-a-1216044.html
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 10:55 am
Right-wingers clash with anti-fascists in Portland
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBst3N9tF6g
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 10:58 am
Know your enemy!
https://i.imgur.com/Js17gQi.jpg
LMFAO! Talk about inbred..
Something tells me the second civil war may be brief..
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:01 am
The alt right and incels are an overlapping group..
Alt right = Clog
Incels = Greg and Madkat
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:03 am
Trump welcomes first recruits to his space force..
https://imgur.com/a/S7cVs7e
LMFAO!
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:04 am
Life is rough when you’re unfuckable AND not allowed to masturbate
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:06 am
The good news is that these guys will never reproduce.
LMFAO!
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:10 am
OMG, look at these poor antifa chaps in Portland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyIjOsXt73A
This is too cruel!!
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:42 am
Russia defeats Spain!!!!!!
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:43 am
Clogg
I knew you would post some heavily edited video…LOL It did look like one dude got knocked out..But not as bad as the dear leader of the Alt right Richard Spencer did..
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:45 am
Clogg
Keep sucking Russia’s cock..They are but ugly people..Likely just like you..
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:46 am
Look how ugly the Russian soccer team are..Just like Germans but without the bright minds..
LMFAO!
Antius on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:46 am
“The good news is that these guys will never reproduce.”
Millimind, half the posts on this board are written by you and most of them are the same old shit recycled. No one else here has got so much free time. What was it you were saying about being unfuckable?
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 11:58 am
Antius
Triggered?
Muh mustard race!
LMFAO!
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:06 pm
German news now: it looks as if CSU and CDU are on collision course.
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:07 pm
Antius
Triggered?
Muh mustard race!
LMFAO!
You’re a good lad, millimind. It’s just a pity that they threw away the foreskin rather than the rest.
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:10 pm
msm and govt trying to pit oath keepers and antifa against each other. if you buy into the bs then you might as well be a govt snitch.
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:21 pm
msm and govt trying to pit oath keepers and antifa against each other. if you buy into the bs then you might as well be a govt snitch.
Backtracking, aren’t we millimind?
Darwinian translation: the Left got a beating in Portland.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYuMnPpXl00
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:29 pm
This is fascism in America.
https://i.redd.it/klb9vrwo59711.jpg
MASTERMIND on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:34 pm
Clogg
One person getting knocked out is not the entire left taking a beating..You always have to exaggerate and lie..Notice the same pattern of thinking about renewable s…One tiny country produces a small margin of electricity with renewable s..You go and exaggerate that all of Europe will soon be powered by solar and wind..
You think Antifa are afraid of this?
https://i.redd.it/klb9vrwo59711.jpg
LMFAO!
Cloggie on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:39 pm
This is fascism in America.
https://i.redd.it/klb9vrwo59711.jpg
Americans like to be entertained a little too much.
Tougher material from Europe is required to achieve real results.
GregT on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 12:42 pm
Internet Trolls Are Narcissists, Psychopaths, and Sadists
Trolls will lie, exaggerate, and offend to get a response.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/your-online-secrets/201409/internet-trolls-are-narcissists-psychopaths-and-sadists
Anonymouse1 on Sun, 1st Jul 2018 1:11 pm
Only one other bag of semi-coherent, quasi organic materiel, besides ‘mushmind’, has ever used the term ‘triggered’.
Guess who that would be….