Rising powers mull BRICS-backed bank to rival IMF, World Bank in emerging markets

Increasingly crucial for world growth as flagging Western economies skimp on imports and aid, the BRICS have long argued for more influence in and reform of Western institutions. Such organizations have dominated global aid and trade policy for decades, but made patchy progress in meeting goals like eradicating poverty.

President Barack Obama’s decision last week to continue the tradition of nominating an American as World Bank chief — over candidates from other nations as the BRICS had wanted — may add to momentum for an entirely new alternative.

A new international lender could rival the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, which focus on lending to poor nations to help speed their development and reduce poverty. It’s unclear if it could also perform a role in bailing out countries in crisis — a function that’s largely the domain of the International Monetary Fund.

“If they can pool their resources and coordinate their aid strategies, then they will be far more powerful,” said Sreeram Chaulia, world politics analyst at Jindal School of International Affairs just outside Delhi. “By floating a bank, they are strategizing and clearly playing for the long run.”

But experts cautioned that a lack of unity in foreign policy could undermine their goal. They failed to unite behind a single World Bank candidate, which might have helped their cause.

“They have to get their act together politically,” Chaulia said. “It is much more challenging to form a collective security agenda.”

What the five BRICS nations have in common, however, is a focus on eradicating poverty, securing food and energy supplies, developing infrastructure and gaining new technologies. They may also talk about a common position on climate change.

India is home to a third of the world’s poor, while Johannesburg is seen as a door to Africa’s largely untapped market of 1 billion people. All of the BRICS want to bolster high-tech sectors and affordable health care.

China, which is seeking to advance the use of its renminbi currency worldwide, believes the bank could offer developing nations more say in how funds are invested in emerging economies, and “downgrade the risk of ups and downs in other international currencies,” Chinese Foreign Ministry official Li Kexin said, according to The Hindu newspaper.

They are also likely to agree to local currency trades, further boosting and insulating their currencies from fluctuations in the West. With $280 billion in combined trade in 2011, there is potential for much more.

But cooperation also poses challenges between five nations that are vastly different in size and foreign policy approaches, with economies also seeing signs of flux. China has reduced its annual growth target to 7.5 percent after three decades of economic growth at 10 percent or higher. India is in danger of slowing to a stagnating 6 percent rate, where it would be unable to create new jobs for its enormous and still-growing work force.