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Petrostate Politics: A Tale of Oil and Aggression

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Commentators have already compared President Vladimir Putin’s recent address before the UN General Assembly with his speech at a security conference in Munich in 2007. Some, such as Sergei Markov, claimed the speech was “tougher than Munich, outright anti-American,” while others, such as Tatyana Stanovaya, argued that it was “the opposite of Munich,” an effort to return to the time in 2001-03 when Russia was not a rival of the West, but an ally.

“Munich II” or the “anti-Munich,” that is the question. The answer lies in a simple comparison of the two speeches. In Munich, Putin used the words “unipolar” or “unipolar world” five times, “NATO” seven times, “confrontation” twice, “provoked” once and “so-called” two times. In his speech before the UN General Assembly, in place of the term “unipolar,” Putin spoke of “bloc mentality” and “the only center of dominance.” At the same time, he mentioned “egoism” twice, “ambition” four times, “confrontation” twice, “manipulate” twice, “provoked” once, “so-called” once and “hypocritical and irresponsible” once.

In 2007 Putin addressed the West, saying: “There is no need to play God and solve all of these peoples’ problems.” And in 2015 he asked: “Do you at least realize now what you’ve done?” And concluded: “But I’m afraid that this question will remain unanswered, because they have never abandoned their policy, which is based on arrogance, exceptionalism and impunity.”

This simple comparison clearly shows that Putin’s UN address is in no way the opposite of his Munich speech or an appeal for peace. Although the call for cooperation made his UN speech somewhat less aggressive, his words were no less stern than in Munich. The Kremlin is trying to revive cooperation with the West — frozen over the conflict in Ukraine — without making any concessions on its own position. Putin continues his hard-hitting rhetoric, and it was in this spirit that the West perceived it. And the fact that Russia began its bombing campaign in Syria shortly afterward only reinforced the aggressive impression that Putin’s UN speech produced.

I wrote earlier in The Washington Post that the aggression of the Russian authorities, as well as the aggressive behavior of the governments of other oil-dependent states is directly linked to oil prices.

Research indicates that petrostates become more aggressive and start conflicts when oil prices rise sharply. In a study of 153 countries over a period of 50 years, political scientist Cullen Hendricks showed that oil exporting states become significantly more aggressive as compared to their nearest neighbors whenever oil prices soar. Hendricks found that when oil prices exceed $77 per barrel (at the purchasing power of the dollar in 2008), petrostates become 30 percent more aggressive than non-exporters.

Political scientist Jeff Colgan, using a database of inter-state conflicts involving military force from among 170 countries between 1945 and 2001, found that countries whose net income from oil exports accounts for 10 percent or more of gross domestic product are the most belligerent in the world. They tend to use military force in interstate conflicts, and since World War II, were 50 percent more likely than ordinary states to become involved in military conflicts.

Venezuela’s mobilization for war with Colombia and Iran’s support for Hezbollah’s planned attack against Israel as oil prices climbed toward their peak in 2008 fully accords with this rule, as does Iraq’s invasion of Iran in 1980 and Libya’s repeated attacks on Chad during the sharp increases in oil prices in 1970 and 1980. “Petrocratic” states become aggressive because high oil revenues increase their military potential, leading to an increase in adventurism in the international arena.

In this sense, Russia is an ordinary petrostate. When oil was $25 per barrel in the early 2000s, Putin sought cooperation with the West and spoke of Russia possibly joining NATO. Hendricks shows that such behavior is normal for petrocracies, and that they are even more peace-loving than ordinary states when oil prices fall below $33 per barrel.

When a barrel of Urals crude cost approximately $20 in 2002, Putin set Russia’s integration with Europe and the creation of a single economic space spanning Russia and the EU as priorities in his speech to the Federal Assembly. However, when the price of oil hit $110 per barrel in 2014, Putin sent his military into Ukraine to punish it for trying to create the same type of unified economic zone with the same European allies. Putin delivered his unprecedentedly aggressive speech in Munich in February 2007 at a time when oil was at $54 and rising and Russia was “getting up off its knees.”

However, the Hendricks model does not explain why the Russian leadership continues to behave aggressively and make Munich-like public pronouncements even when oil prices are falling or volatile — ranging between $40 and $50 per barrel in August-October 2015.

Despite the fact that the price of oil has dropped by half in the past 12 months, Moscow’s ruling elite is confident it will rebound within one to three years. Speaking at the Sochi 2015 forum, newly appointed LUKoil vice president Leonid Fedun even predicted that the price would return to $100 per barrel as soon as 2016. Rosneft president Igor Sechin is similarly optimistic.

In this regard, economist Vladislav Inozemtsev delivered a lecture in which he quoted Ivan Starikov as calling these Moscow dreamers the sect of “High Price Witnesses.”Because of their almost fanatical belief, Kremlin officials consistently postpone implementing long overdue and vital reforms, advising citizens to simply tighten their belts and wait out the current crisis.

In that same lecture, Inozemtsev said, “Leaders realize that this crisis will last longer, but they believe the solution is the same. In 2009, it took eight months before rebounding oil prices helped Russia emerge from the crisis. Now it will take approximately three years,” he said. Thus, the actions of the Russian authorities find motivation not so much in the current price of oil, but in their expectation that the price will soon rise to previous levels.

However, Russian officials and businessmen might base their unusual and seemingly unfounded expectation of higher oil prices not so much on any quasi-cultish belief as on inside knowledge of the Kremlin’s long-term plans in Syria. Economist Andrei Illarionov suggested that Russian military operations might fail to defeat Islamic terrorists but succeed in destabilizing the Middle East and driving up the price of oil.

Although confidence in a rebound in oil prices is hardly justified, it is in keeping with the statements and actions of the Russian authorities — that is, as much as anything can make sense for people “living in a different world,” as German Chancellor Angela Merkel once characterized Putin. According to this logic, and following the Hendricks model, Putin will issue an “anti-Munich” speech only when oil prices stabilize over the long term at $30 per barrel.

Moscow Times



52 Comments on "Petrostate Politics: A Tale of Oil and Aggression"

  1. Plantagenet on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 6:54 pm 

    It really doesn’t matter what Putin says any more then it matters what obama says.

    Both are dishonest politicians.

    What matters is what they do. Actions speak louder then words.

    Consider Putin:
    Last year Putin invaded Ukraine and annexed Crimea—his pretext being that ethnic Russians were in danger. After lying about it for a year, Putin now freely admits he sent Russian special forces into Crimea to seize that region from Ukraine and there never was any danger to ethnic Russians. Now he is going to war in Syria to protect Assad, the butcher of Syria. While Putin says he is targeting IS, Russian bombers are actually hitting the Free Syrian Army.

    Yes, actions speak louder then words.

  2. JuanP on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 7:18 pm 

    This is a propaganda piece. It is too far from the way I see what’s happening in the real world; I couldn’t finish it. Nothing but BS here.

  3. Apneaman on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 7:56 pm 

    The U.S. Government Supplied ISIS’ Iconic Pickup Trucks

    http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2015/10/the-u-s-government-supplied-isis-iconic-pickup-trucks.html

  4. makati1 on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 8:35 pm 

    JuanP, Me too. I got 1/3 of the way and stopped. Pure Bullshit.

    Moscow Times: formerly owned by the publisher of the Wall Street Journal propaganda piece, Dow Jones and Financial Times. ‘Supposedly’ bought by a Russian publisher. I say supposedly because of this requirement by Russia:

    “Both Vedomosti and the Moscow Times are affected by legislation passed last year that bans foreign companies from owning more than 20 percent in Russian media companies after February 2017.”

    So the US owners had to find someone to run it for them in his name, not theirs. Nothing more. Same propaganda with a new name on the mast.

    If you do not look at the source (who signs the paycheck) you have no idea of the direction of spin. And ALL articles have spin. All.

  5. Apneaman on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 8:39 pm 

    APNewsBreak: US analysts knew Afghan site was hospital

    http://bigstory.ap.org/urn:publicid:ap.org:5e20fcd92aee49e699149aef93595e49

  6. Apneaman on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 8:41 pm 

    US tank enters ruined Afghan hospital putting ‘war crime’ evidence at risk
    MSF says ‘forced entry’ by military vehicle – later said to be carrying investigators into the US airstrike that killed 22 patients and staff – caused stress and fear

    http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/15/us-tank-enters-ruined-afghan-hospital-putting-war-evidence-at-risk

  7. Apneaman on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 8:45 pm 

    SYRIA: McCain Guarantees Russia, China and Iran Will Not Act

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo9Nmeyz5lo

  8. GregT on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 11:12 pm 

    Does anybody here know why it is that John McCain always appears to be at the head of these US led foreign government coups? I thought that he was US senator for Arizona. What pray tell does Ukraine or Syria have to do with Arizona? And finally, the guy has obviously long since lost his ability to reason. How in god’s name did he become a senior US senator?

    Thanks for any enlightenment, because I really do not understand.

  9. dooma on Thu, 15th Oct 2015 11:27 pm 

    I agree with Juanp and mak, this is classic anti-Russsian rhetoric. Where is the mention of NATO aggression? Or the illegal invasion of Iraq? And the subsequent power vacuum that has left it as a failed state.

    And what about Israel? No mention of the war crimes they have committed in the past few years. Even though they are not players in the oil export game-they do run the US FED and the US stock exchange.

  10. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 1:22 am 

    Due to the lack of response from my above question, I will assume that nobody else knows either.

    A modern day mystery………..

  11. MrNoItAll on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 1:51 am 

    GregT — I’ll take a shot at answering your question. McCain keeps getting elected for several reasons: 1) Being incumbent and a loyal lackey to the money men he serves, his re-election campaign has bundles of cash to spend, 2) The local/state media, also being loyal lackeys to the same money men, can be counted on to portray McCain in a highly favorable light, and most importantly 3) The voters in Arizona are to a very large percent geriatric retirees most of whom are likely to think of McCain as one of their own, with another large portion of tax hating, abortion hating, gay hating, drug hating, Mexican hating Neanderthals — McCain has long practice in pushing the right emotional buttons of that dumbed-down crowd. Given all the above, McCain is a shoe-in for reelection as long as he can still fog a mirror.

  12. MrNoItAll on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 2:03 am 

    IMO, the Russians and the Americans and certain other major players are all cooperating behind the scenes to put on one hell of an extravaganza, a drama played out on the world stage to entertain and confuse the masses while moving their military assets into place. America did a fine job of creating ISIS — gathering together huge numbers of radicals, criminals, psychopaths and suicidal maniacs under one cohesive umbrella of evil, and then stepping out of the way while Russia comes in unfettered by liberal screaming over “collateral damage” to bomb and massacre ISIS into oblivion along with anybody and anything else unfortunate enough to be in near proximity. That may be a “conspiracy theory”, but then again, it may be true. Fact is, none of us here and probably none but a very select group of high level elites have any clue as to what the REAL game plan is, or what America and China and Russia are really agreeing to behind closed doors. Now Russia has a strong military presence in the ME, so does America. My guess is that all is going according to plan, and when TSHTF here in the not too distant future, America and Russia will be dividing up what’s left of ME oil and guaranteeing strategic energy availability to their client and partner states. Russia of course will ultimately be a provider of energy to whatever is left of European continent, and America will take care of its own hemisphere. In the meantime, we’re treated to misdirection, psyops, false flags, staged drama of all kind. Enjoy the show!

  13. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 2:13 am 

    “That may be a “conspiracy theory”, but then again, it may be true.”

    Thanks NWR. I must admit that the thought has crossed my mind, but I haven’t seen any evidence to support it. Given the CC predicament, there could be truth to this. Like so much now, only time will tell. And thanks also for your response to my above Q. In all honesty, for the life of me the entire McCain thing makes zero sense at all. The guy should be in a psych ward for geriatrics.

  14. apneaman on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 2:34 am 

    What percent of incumbents win reelection?

    The BGOV Barometer shows that 90 percent of House members and 91 percent of senators who sought re-election in 2012 were successful, exceeding the incumbent re-election rates of 2010, when 85 percent of House members and 84 percent of senators seeking re-election were successful.

  15. onlooker on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 2:46 am 

    Very good response from MrNO. One thing though forgot Mccain is the proverbial war veteran hero. Oh yeah all smoke and mirrors and proxy war going on in the ME. It was going to happen and it has begun. One thing though, what about China? Also, when is the pie not going to be big enough for the big powers? That is when truly when all hell will break loose.

  16. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 3:25 am 

    Glad you said proverbial onlooker, because no true war veteran hero would be advocating more wars. This asshole needs to be removed from the senate, and tried for crimes against humanity. He should be incarcerated for the remainder of his sorry existence.

  17. onlooker on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 3:55 am 

    Yeah Greg he really is a friggin asshole for among other things selling out his comrades in arms and advocating for more war. Surely he who was tortured knows how horrible wars are. Of course he makes it is mission to sell out as do all politicians so what can we except. But as politicians go, he is one pathetic human being. Oh and I forgot he seems to be somewhat senile already judging from his views and comments.

  18. makati1 on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 5:23 am 

    Unfortunately his ideas are similar to those other senile geriatrics, Soros and Brzezinski. If you haven’t noticed, most of those really in charge in the West are over 70 and many over 80. They have little to lose in their hate of humanity.

    I have even read that McCain actually went over to the North Vietnamese and made recorded statements for them against the US when he was a supposed POW. But that will never be explored in public.

  19. onlooker on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 6:39 am 

    “They have little to lose in their hate of humanity.” Good way of phrasing it Mak. They seem to look basic human empathy and compassion.

  20. onlooker on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 6:56 am 

    Sorry. They seem to lack basic human empathy and compassion.

  21. green_achers on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 11:08 am 

    “How in god’s name did he become a senior US senator?”

    Not an answer, GregT, but consider he was the presidential candidate of our loonier political party. With Sarah Palin as an added bonus. I don’t like Mr. Obama, but every day I thank God 2008 turned out the way it did.

  22. ghung on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 11:40 am 

    My proof-positive that the US is in deep trouble (as if I need any) is that creeps like McCain (clearly suffering from PTSD and dementia) Ted Cruz (presidential candidate; so creepy he’s like a fucking malfunctioning, poorly-programmed android), and, perhaps the biggest joke in US politics, Jimmy Inhofe, get elected. Any society that elects, and continues to re-elect, these people to powerful positions, is clearly circling the drain.

    Don’t blame me. The candidates I support virtually never get elected; a sort of badge of honor I’ve worn for decades.

  23. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 11:47 am 

    I watched part of the Democratic debate on CNN. It reminded me more of dancing with the stars. The political process has become nothing more than a multibillion dollar advertising campaign. While not to the same extent as the US, Canada’s political process has also become a complete joke.

    The perfect storm is brewing on the horizon. Batten down the hatches, and hang on, it’s going to be a ride of lifetimes.

  24. onlooker on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 12:03 pm 

    There was a candidate I liked some time ago Ralph Nader. He was accomplished because of some outstanding citizen activism and many of his views and ideas seemed quite good and appealing. Of course I remember thinking how little chance he had of being elected. Maybe if we had elected him at least to some degree US would have changed course, then again maybe not.

  25. apneaman on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 12:05 pm 

    Tom Engelhardt: The Fog of Intelligence, or How to Be Eternally ‘Caught Off Guard’ in the Greater Middle East

    http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2015/10/tom-engelhardt-the-fog-of-intelligence-or-how-to-be-eternally-caught-off-guard-in-the-greater-middle-east.html?utm_content=buffera75d9&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

  26. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 12:16 pm 

    Hillary appeals to the downtrodden of US society. Women, minorities, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered groups. In other words, anyone who is not a white heterosexual male.

    When she is installed as the next POTUS, we are all royally fucked.

  27. Davy on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 12:32 pm 

    I voted for Nader back in 2000.

  28. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 12:41 pm 

    “The candidates I support virtually never get elected; a sort of badge of honor I’ve worn for decades.”

    Not one candidate that I have ever voted for at the municipal, provincial, or federal level has ever been elected. It’s become so bad in Canada now, that the majority of people no longer vote for the candidate that they support the most, they vote against the candidates that they support the least. Our political systems are broken, and are in desperate need of reform. The general populous always gets what they deserve.

  29. Baptised on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 1:31 pm 

    I think you can replace oil in this article with military machinery. USA & Russia both have powerful political war personnel that bombard the puppet leaders daily. And they seeth with rage and do not forget when they lose a third party war because of the others war machines. Vietnam-AR17, Russian/ Afghanistan, helicopter killer hand held missiles, etc.,etc. And now add in China.

  30. Baptised on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 1:37 pm 

    Side Bar. One of my best friends a 33 year Marine, told me that one of the first things he was told to do when he got to Vietnam was get a AR17 and all the ammo of a dead gook. They didn’t jam up in the mud.

  31. ghung on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 1:43 pm 

    ….get a AR17…”

    Would that be an AK47? The M-16 was based on the AR-15; had problems early on that were generally solved with better ammo and chroming the barrels.

  32. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 1:49 pm 

    baptised,

    Are you sure that you didn’t mean AK-47, or type 56 assault rifle? The AR17 was an American manufactured shotgun.

  33. GregT on Fri, 16th Oct 2015 2:13 pm 

    7.62×39 vs .223/5.56. The ongoing debate. As an owner of rifles in both calibers, I’ll take the VZ58 any day over the AR15 platform.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbZ12tD3Buk

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QemYI_aWWvM

  34. apneaman on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 12:15 am 

    The Psychopath Next Door – Doc Zone/b>

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LjnQth93uM

  35. makati1 on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 1:05 am 

    Ap. of similar vein…

    http://www.zerohedge.com/print/515043

    “American Psycho – Has The United States Lost Its Collective Mind?”

    “…Before attempting to shed some light on America’s mental condition, let’s open with a pop quiz question: What is the top-selling prescription drug in the US? Nope, it’s not Viagra, not Prozac, forget the Percocet. If you don’t know, take a peek in the medicine cabinet because there’s a high chance it’s lurking in there, right behind that purple people eater. Yes, you got it. The top-selling drug in the Land of the Free and Disturbed is an antipsychotic, happily named Abilify.

    Once again: The top-selling drug in America is an antipsychotic. Now some might say that’s mental.

    “To be a top seller, a drug has to be expensive and also widely used,” Steven Reidbord M.D. wrote [7] in Psychology Today. “Abilify is both. It’s the 14th most prescribed brand-name medication, and it retails for about $30 a pill. Annual sales are over $7 billion, nearly a billion more than the next runner-up.”…This on top of the latest statistic that shows prescription drug spending in the US exploded [8] in 2014 to nearly $374 billion, a whopping 13.1 percent increase in growth, according to a new report from IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics.”

    Now you know one reason I do not want to be in America when the SHTF.

  36. apneaman on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 1:15 am 

    Afraid of the Dark: Humanity at the Crossroads | Sheldon Solomon

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuJhD5TkX-0

  37. apneaman on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 1:36 am 

    mak, antipsychotics are supposed to be used for schizophrenia and bipolar. They have a tranquilizer effect and that is why they are being over prescribed. Same as painkillers and antidepressants/anxiety. It’s the only way many can carry on in a profoundly sick society. The ADD drugs like Adderall are the flip side of the coin. Prescription amphetamine to help people pay attention? No, legal speed to give that extra boost. I’ve had them. When I lived in the US, I found they will give you anything. The pain pills and speed not given out so easily in Canada. Lots of anti’s though. If it all went away then people would switch to alcohol like the good ole days. Pain is pain – physical or mental it’s all the same and people will self medicate with anything if left with no choice. Apes been getting wasted since time immemorial. On a happy note, there will be no more DWI’s sometime after peak oil.

  38. onlooker on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 5:26 am 

    yes this really is horrendous here in the States linked to among other things mass random attacks. The other thing to note is people driving impaired. when I have watched the news which I try not to so depressing, I have noticed cars striking pedestrians. I have to wonder how many of those are people dozing off.

  39. Davy on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 7:09 am 

    Yea onlooker, but if you look at China and Russia they have their issues too. Russia is so bad its population is in decline because of drugs in her case alcohol. http://qz.com/403307/russia-is-quite-literally-drinking-itself-to-death/. China it is increasingly methamphetamines http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/why-breaking-bad-should-be-set-in-china. I am not trying to diminish the US problem with illegal and legal drugs. Let just keep it in perspective this is a global problem.

  40. onlooker on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 8:24 am 

    True Davy, in fact I have read that alot more people are struck in poor countries by cars then in the rich countries. Oh yeah Russia has a really bad drinking problem, I think Russian Vodka is the preferred choice. Umm did not know about the Meth problem is China. I had heard that it is a problem in Thailand where prostitutes use it to stay awake. Of course their has been for a long time a problem in Asia with heroin.

  41. makati1 on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 10:08 am 

    Motherboard, owned in part by: “VICE chose to partner with A&E Networks — a joint venture of Hearst Corporation and The Walt Disney Company”

    Quartz: “Atlantic Media is a print and online media company owned by David G. Bradley and based in the Watergate in Washington, D.C. The company publishes several prominent news magazines and digital publications including The Atlantic, Quartz, Government Executive, Defense One and those belonging to its National Journal Group subsidiary:[1] National Journal, The Hotline, National Journal Daily (previously known as Congress Daily), and Technology Daily.[1] The National Journal Group also publishes books and directories, the most known of which is the biennial Almanac of American Politics.[2]”

    Nuff said.

  42. Davy on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 10:32 am 

    Dog paw is a liar folks. Dog paw says routinely he does not read my posts and loookkkkeeee at the above comment. I love it when he just can’t stand it. Yeee Haaa ridem cowboy. Get along little dogggiees.

    Dog Paw, are you denying meth addiction and production is a problem in China? If so can you explain the many pages of links on the subject? https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=chinese+methamphetamine+problems&start=30 . There are fully four pages devoted to the subject. That is allot of denial to cough up. We know your Chinese ministry of propaganda is not going to publish anything on Chinese meth issues. Your favorites Ricefarmerblog and global research are too busy with anti-American subjects.

  43. Baptised on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 11:08 am 

    I could very well be wrong on the Russian made rifle #. I retired at 50 and that was 6 years ago. But I do remember he explained that the American rifle was made too good, i.e. tolerance too close for that environment. That was the same time he told me about all the millions spent making a pen that would write in space and the Russians just used pencils. Very interesting friend, I miss him. Anyway I am not bashing the US, just saying other countries aren’t dummies. He helped me with some prejudges.

  44. freak on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 10:02 pm 

    MrNoItAll, GregT

    Very interesting hypothesis and possible proof of collusion among the worlds most powerful elite.

    Military tensions, cyber espionage accusations, a brewing currency war; with every passing day, the headlines paint a convincing portrait of an emerging cold war between China and the West. But is this surface level reality the whole picture, or is there a deeper level to this conflict? Is China an opponent to the New World Order global governmental system or a witting collaborator with it?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M1KD7Dnq4s

  45. MrNoItAll on Sat, 17th Oct 2015 11:43 pm 

    freak — Thanks for the link. I’m glad to know there is hard evidence that strongly supports what I have long “known” to be true on an intuitive and logical level.

  46. GregT on Sun, 18th Oct 2015 12:13 am 

    James has been on my list for quite some time MrNWR. You aren’t the only one that has a solid head on your shoulders. Corbett’s a smart cookie.

  47. apneaman on Sun, 18th Oct 2015 12:57 am 

    Isn’t corbett a AGW denier?

  48. GregT on Sun, 18th Oct 2015 1:42 am 

    Is he? I wasn’t aware of that Apnea. Links?

  49. apneaman on Sun, 18th Oct 2015 3:07 am 

    Greg

    https://www.corbettreport.com/climate-myths-debunked/

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