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Latest Estimates of Global Fossil Fuel Resources and Reserves, as of June 2013

Geology

Table 1. Summary

Fossil fuel Unit 2011
production
Reserves Reserves-to-
production ratio (years)
Recoverable
resources
Crude oil million barrels 31,875 1,642,354 52 3,356,964
Wet natural gas trillion cubic feet 124 6,839 55 22,882
Coal million tonnes 7,710 1,037,552 135 22,308,986
Hard coal 6,640 754,595 114 17,873,677
Lignite 1,070 282,957 264 4,435,309
Sources: Andruleit et al. (2012); U.S. EIA (2013)
Fossil fuel Unit 2011
production
Reserves R/P (years) Resources
Crude oil million toe 4,348 224,017 52 457,890
Wet natural gas million toe 3,160 174,293 55 583,152
Coal million toe 4,784 597,382 125 13,394,221
Hard coal 4,427 503,063 114 11,915,785
Lignite 357 94,319 264 1,478,436
Total million toe 12,291 995,692 81 14,435,262

Conversion factors (BP, 2013):
toe = tonnes oil equivalent
1 barrel = 0.1364 toe
1 tcf = 25.4851650054429 mtoe
1.5 tonnes of hard coal = 1 toe
3 tonnes of lignite = 1 toe

Table 2. Crude oil
Unit: million barrels

Region totals and selected countries (1) 2011 oil production (2) January 1, 2013 estimated proved oil reserves (3) 2013 EIA/ARI unproved shale oil technically recoverable resources (TRR) 2012 USGS conventional unproved oil TRR, including reserve growth (4) Total technically recoverable crude oil resources
Europe 1,537 11,748 12,900 14,638 39,286
Bulgaria 1 15 200
Denmark 83 805 0
France 28 85 4,700
Germany 51 254 700
Netherlands 21 244 2,900
Norway 733 5,366 0
Poland 10 157 3,300
Romania 38 600 300
Spain 10 150 100
Sweden 4 0
United Kingdom 426 3,122 700
Former Soviet Union 4,866 118,886 77,200 114,481 310,567
Lithuania 3 12 300
Russia (5) 3,737 80,000 75,800
Ukraine 29 395 1,100
North America 6,093 208,550 80,000 305,546 594,096
Canada 1,313 173,105 8,800
Mexico 1,080 10,264 13,100
United States (6) 3,699 25,181 58,100 139,311 222,592
Asia and Pacific 2,866 41,422 61,000 64,362 166,784
Australia 192 1,433 17,500
China 1,587 25,585 32,200
Indonesia 371 4,030 7,900
Mongolia 3 3,400
Thailand 152 453 0
South Asia 396 5,802 12,900 8,211 26,913
India 361 5,476 3,800
Pakistan 23 248 9,100
Middle East and North Africa 10,986 867,463 42,900 463,407 1,373,770
Algeria 680 12,200 5,700
Egypt 265 4,400 4,600
Jordan 1 100
Libya 183 48,010 26,100
Morocco 2 1 0
Tunisia 26 425 1,500
Turkey 21 270 4,700
Western Sahara 200
Sub-Saharan Africa 2,264 62,553 100 140,731 203,384
Mauritania 3 20 100
South Africa 66 15 0
South America & Caribbean 2,868 325,930 59,700 258,234 643,864
Argentina 279 2,805 27,000
Bolivia 18 210 600
Brazil 980 13,154 5,300
Chile 7 150 2,300
Colombia 343 2,200 6,800
Paraguay 1 3,700
Uruguay 0 600
Venezuela 909 297,570 13,400
Subtotal of above countries (7) 17,737 718,411 345,000 NA NA
Subtotal, excluding the United States (7) 14,038 693,230 286,900 NA NA
Total World (7,8) 31,875 1,642,354 345,000 1,369,610 3,356,964

Source: U.S. EIA (2013)
Notes:
1 Regions totals include additional countries not specifically included in this table. Regions based on USGS regions http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3042/fs2012-3042.pdf and Figure 2.
2 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics, as of April 3, 2013.
3 Oil & Gas Journal, Worldwide Report, December 3, 2012.
4 Sources: U.S. Geological Survey, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3028, March 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, Assessment of Potential Additions to Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World (Outside the United States) from Reserve Growth, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3052, April 2012.
5 Includes the Kaliningrad shale oil resource estimate of 1.2 billion barrels.
6 Represents unproved U.S. tight oil resources as reported in the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Assumptions report, Tables 9.1 through 9.5.
7 Totals might not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding.
8 Total of regions.
“-” indicates zero, “0” indicates a nonzero value

Table 3. Wet natural gas
Unit: trillion cubic feet

Region totals and selected countries (1) 2011 natural gas production (2) January 1, 2013 estimated proved natural gas reserves (3) 2013 EIA/ARI unproved wet shale gas technically recoverable resources (TRR) 2012 USGS conventional unproved wet natural gas TRR, including reserve growth (4) Total technically recoverable wet natural gas resources
Europe 10 145 470 184 799
Bulgaria 0 0 17
Denmark 0 2 32
France 0 0 137
Germany 0 4 17
Netherlands 3 43 26
Norway 4 73 0
Poland 0 3 148
Romania 0 4 51
Spain 0 0 8
Sweden 10
United Kingdom 2 9 26
Former Soviet Union 30 2,178 415 2,145 4,738
Lithuania 0
Russia (5) 24 1,688 287
Ukraine 1 39 128
North America 32 403 1,685 2,223 4,312
Canada 6 68 573
Mexico 2 17 545
United States (6) 24 318 567 1,546 2,431
Asia and Pacific 13 418 1,607 858 2,883
Australia 2 43 437
China 4 124 1,115
Indonesia 3 108 46
Mongolia 4
Thailand 1 10 5
South Asia 4 86 201 183 470
India 2 44 96
Pakistan 1 24 105
Middle East and North Africa 26 3,117 1,003 1,651 5,772
Algeria 3 159 707
Egypt 2 77 100
Jordan 0 0 7
Libya 0 55 122
Morocco 0 0 12
Tunisia 0 2 23
Turkey 0 0 24
Western Sahara 8
Sub-Saharan Africa 2 222 390 831 1,443
Mauritania 1 0
South Africa 0 390
South America & Caribbean 6 269 1,430 766 2,465
Argentina 2 12 802
Bolivia 1 10 36
Brazil 1 14 245
Chile 0 3 48
Colombia 0 6 55
Paraguay 75
Uruguay 2
Venezuela 1 195 167
Subtotal of above countries (7) 89 3,157 7,201 NA NA
Subtotal, excluding the United States (7) 65 2,840 6,634 NA NA
Total World (7, 8) 124 6,839 7,201 8,842 22,882

Source: U.S. EIA (2013)
Notes:
1 Regions totals include additional countries not specifically included in this table. Regions based on USGS regions http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3042/fs2012-3042.pdf and Figure 2.
2 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics, as of April 3, 2013.
3 Oil & Gas Journal, Worldwide Report, December 3, 2012.
4 Sources: U.S. Geological Survey, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3028, March 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, Assessment of Potential Additions to Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World (Outside the United States) from Reserve Growth, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3052, April 2012.
5 Includes the Kaliningrad shale gas resource estimate of 2 trillion cubic feet.
6 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Assumptions report, Tables 9.1 through 9.5.; wet natural gas volumes were determined by multiplying the AEO2013 dry unproved natural gas resource estimate by 1.045 so as to include NGPL.
7 Totals might not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding.
8 Total of regions.
“-” indicates zero, “0” indicates a nonzero value

Table 4. Hard coal
Unit: Mt

Country / Region 2011 production Reserves Resources Remaining potential
Europe 135.1 20,048 472,675 492,723
Belgium 4,100 4,100
Bosnia and Herzegovina 827 1,309 2,136
Bulgaria 2.3 192 3,920 4,112
Czech Republic 11.0 1,139 15,410 16,550
France 0.1 160 160
Germany 13.0 48 82,961 83,009
Hungary 276 5,075 5,351
Ireland 14 26 40
Italy 0.1 10 600 610
Montenegro 142 195 337
Netherlands 497 2,750 3,247
Norway 1.6 15 37 52
Poland 76.5 14,711 162,317 177,028
Portugal 3 n.s. 3
Romania 2.6 11 2,435 2,446
Serbia 0.1 402 453 855
Slovakia 19 19
Slovenia 56 39 95
Spain 6.6 868 3,363 4,231
Sweden 1 4 5
Turkey 2.6 386 802 1,188
United Kingdom 18.6 450 186,700 187,150
CIS 443.5 121,308 2,842,245 2,963,552
Armenia 163 154 317
Georgia < 0.05 201 700 901
Kazakhstan 102.9 17,242 125,890 143,132
Kyrgyzstan 0.1 971 27,528 28,499
Russian Federation 258.5 68,944 2,624,612 2,693,556
Tajikistan 0.2 375 3,700 4,075
Turkmenistan 800 800
Ukraine 81.9 32,039 49,006 81,045
Uzbekistan 0.1 1,375 9,854 11,229
Africa 259.3 36,239 81,566 117,805
Algeria 59 164 223
Botswana 1.2 40 21,200 21,240
Congo, Democratic Republic 0.1 88 900 988
Egypt < 0.05 16 166 182
Madagascar 150 150
Malawi 0.1 2 800 802
Morocco 14 82 96
Mozambique 1.4 849 23,338 24,187
Namibia 350 350
Niger 0.2 90 90
Nigeria < 0.05 292 2,065 2,357
South Africa 253.1 33,896 n.s. 33,896
Swaziland 0.1 144 4,500 4,644
Tanzania, United Republic < 0.05 269 1,141 1,410
Uganda 800 800
Zambia < 0.05 69 820 889
Zimbabwe 3.0 502 25,000 25,502
Middle East 1.5 1,203 40,000 41,203
Iran, Islamic Republic 1.5 1,203 40,000 41,203
Afghanistan 0.5 66 n.s. 66
Austral-Asia 4,714.6 336,154 6,862,259 7,198,413
Australia 345.2 57,538 1,521,732 1,579,270
Bangladesh 0.9 293 2,967 3,260
Bhutan 0.1 n.s. n.s. n.s.
China 3,383.7 180,600 5,010,000 5,190,600
India 539.9 77,197 175,352 252,549
Indonesia 324.9 13,512 73,299 86,811
Japan 0.9 340 13,543 13,883
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic
(North) 24.0 600 10,000 10,600
Korea, Republic (South) 2.1 326 1,360 1,686
Laos, People’s Democratic Republic < 0.05 4 58 62
Malaysia 2.9 141 1,068 1,209
Mongolia 27.0 1,170 39,854 41,024
Myanmar 1.1 3 248 252
Nepal < 0.05 1 7 8
New Caledonia 2 n.s. 2
New Zealand 4.6 825 2,350 3,175
Pakistan 3.2 207 5,789 5,996
Philippines 7.6 211 1,012 1,223
Taiwan 1 101 102
Viet Nam 45.8 3,116 3,519 6,635
North America 996.1 230,701 6,643,846 6,874,547
Canada 57.4 4,346 183,260 187,606
Greenland 183 200 383
Mexico 13.7 1,160 3,000 4,160
United States 925.0 225,012 6,457,386 6,682,398
Latin America 90.3 8,943 26,491 35,434
Argentina 0.2 500 300 800
Bolivia 1 n.s. 1
Brazil 1,547 4,665 6,212
Chile 0.1 1,181 4,135 5,316
Colombia 85.8 4,881 9,928 14,809
Costa Rica 17 17
Peru 0.1 102 1,465 1,567
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic 4.1 731 5,981 6,712
World 6,640.4 754,595 17,119,082 17,873,677

Source: Andruleit et al. (2012)
Notes:
n.s.: not specified
–: no production, reserves or resources

Table 5. Lignite
Unit: Mt

Region 2011 production Reserves Resources Remaining potential
Europe 563.0 69,350 326,228 395,578
Albania < 0.05 522 205 727
Austria 333 333
Bosnia and Herzegovina 7.1 1,272 1,801 3,073
Bulgaria 34.5 2,174 2,400 4,574
Croatia n.s. 300 300
Czech Republic 46.8 2,683 7,204 9,887
France n.s. 114 114
Germany 176.5 40,500 36,500 77,000
Greece 58.8 2,876 3,554 6,430
Hungary 9.5 2,633 2,704 5,337
Italy 7 22 29
Kosovo 8.2 1,564 9,262 10,826
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic 6.7 332 300 632
Montenegro 1.9 n.s. n.s. n.s.
Poland 62.9 4,514 226,832 231,346
Portugal 33 33 66
Romania 32.9 280 9,640 9,920
Serbia 40.3 7,112 13,074 20,186
Slovakia 2.4 138 934 1,072
Slovenia 4.5 315 341 656
Spain 319 n.s. 319
Turkey 70.0 2,076 9,676 11,752
United Kingdom 1,000 1,000
CIS 91.0 93,520 1,278,553 1,372,073
Belarus 1,500 1,500
Kazakhstan 8.4 n.s. n.s. n.s.
Kyrgyzstan 0.8 n.s. n.s. n.s.
Russian Federation 77.6 91,184 1,271,672 1,362,856
Tajikistan 0.1 n.s. n.s. n.s.
Ukraine 0.2 2,336 5,381 7,717
Uzbekistan 3.8 n.s. n.s. n.s.
Africa 72 402 474
Central African Republic 3 n.s. 3
Madagascar 37 37
Mali 3 3
Morocco 40 40
Niger 6 n.s. 6
Nigeria 63 320 383
Sierra Leone 2 2
Austral-Asia 332.4 81,986 1,041,184 1,123,170
Australia 65.7 44,219 175,536 219,755
Bangladesh 3 3
China 136.3 11,000 307,000 318,000
India 43.1 4,847 35,782 40,629
Indonesia 51.3 9,002 19,021 28,023
Japan 10 1,026 1,036
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic (North) 7.6 n.s. n.s. n.s.
Laos, People’s Democratic Republic 0.6 499 22 521
Malaysia 39 412 451
Mongolia 6.0 1,350 119,426 120,776
Myanmar 0.2 3 2 5
New Zealand 0.3 6,750 4,600 11,350
Pakistan 2,857 176,739 179,596
Philippines 105 912 1,017
Thailand 21.3 1,063 826 1,889
Viet Nam 244 199,876 200,120
North America 77.4 32,956 1,485,867 1,518,823
Canada 9.7 2,236 118,270 120,506
Mexico 51 n.s. 51
United States 67.7 30,669 1,367,597 1,398,266
Latin America 6.0 5,073 20,118 25,191
Argentina 7,300 7,300
Brazil 5.4 5,049 12,587 17,636
Chile 0.5 n.s. 7 7
Dominican Republic 84 84
Ecuador 24 n.s. 24
Haiti 40 40
Peru 100 100
World 1,069.8 282,957 4,152,351 4,435,309

Source: Andruleit et al. (2012)
Notes:
n.s.: not specified
–: no production, reserves or resources

References:

Andruleit, H., Babies, H. G., Bahr, A., Kus, J., Meßner, J., & Schauer, M. (2012). Energy Study 2012: Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources. Berlin, Germany: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources). [Full-text at http://j.mp/BGR_2012]

BP. (2013). BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013. London, UK: BP, plc. [Full-text at http://bp.com/statisticalreview]

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2013). Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Full-text at http://j.mp/Gas_Oil]

 energy and ecology



10 Comments on "Latest Estimates of Global Fossil Fuel Resources and Reserves, as of June 2013"

  1. BillT on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 3:26 am 

    Numbers mean nothing. Much of that oil will never be recovered.

    No mention of the bankrupt West or the slowing East.

    No mention of climate change or pollution.

    No mention of anything but some numbers on charts from unreliable sources.

  2. Keith_McClary on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 4:26 am 

    BillT wrote: “Numbers mean nothing.”

    Would you prefer pie(in the sky) charts?

  3. Stephen on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 5:55 am 

    The problem is not running out. The problem is five issues:

    1) Extraction Rates. A lot of what is left is harder to extract due to the fact that it is in less porous rocks, is very deep, is below the ocean, and the like. The extraction rate of the harder, unconventional oil and gas is much slower than the traditional easy to reach, super giant oil fields of yesterday.

    2) The rate one can develop a new field is not enough to offset decline rates of existing fields that are already past their peak of production.

    3) The energy return on investment of unconventional sources is much lower than the traditional easy to get oil. It takes tremendous amounts of energy, water, and other resources to to turn unconventional oil and tar sands into gasoline or diesel.

    4) We do not have enough drilling rigs to mine lots of small fields and small findings on farms.

    5) The environmental risks of Fracking are grave. Such risks include groundwater pollution, flammable tap water, earthquakes, and others This leads to public distrust of the practice.

    6) Reserve to production ratio comparisons do not take into account that the output will be the same each year. Instead, it follows a bell curve.

  4. Arthur on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 9:58 am 

    “Numbers mean nothing.”

    Bill, you are creating intellectual room for yourself to freely make up your (too) gloomy visions. Numbers are all we have got, however inaccurate they might be.

    R/P (years) figures indicate that there is no geological defined energy catastrophy immanent. The glorious days of 1950-2008 of permanent economic growth probably are over for a long time, if not for ever, but we have some time to implement the energy infrastructure of the future. It should be possible to make pictures like these all over the planet, soon:

    http://tinyurl.com/qal8nv9

  5. BillT on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 11:01 am 

    Arthur, numbers are ALL suspect in today’s world. Better to observe the world around you and what is happening there.

    Japan shuts down 50 reactors so they need to replace that with oil.

    China has trillions of Walmart dollars to get rid of so they are buying everything everywhere in preparation for the coming collapse of the West.

    The list of negatives go on and on.

    The list of positives is short:

    The only one is that it will happen soon, perhaps allowing some resources for those who survive.

    Petroleum demand is dropping in the Western countries yet Oil prices remain at $100+.

    The countries are choosing sides for the next World War, which is only a matter of time.

    The dollar will be killed by the countries moving to trade in their own currency.

    The EU banks are being kept semi-solvent by the Federal Reserve printing presses.

  6. BillT on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 11:03 am 

    Excuse the mixed mess above…

    Arthur, numbers are ALL suspect in today’s world. Better to observe the world around you and what is happening there.

    Japan shuts down 50 reactors so they need to replace that with oil.

    China has trillions of Walmart dollars to get rid of so they are buying everything everywhere in preparation for the coming collapse of the West.

    Petroleum demand is dropping in the Western countries yet Oil prices remain at $100+.

    The countries are choosing sides for the next World War, which is only a matter of time.

    The dollar will be killed by the countries moving to trade in their own currency.

    The EU banks are being kept semi-solvent by the Federal Reserve printing presses.

    The list of negatives go on and on.

    The list of positives is short:

    The only one is that it will happen soon, perhaps allowing some resources for those who survive.

  7. Arthur on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 11:21 am 

    Bill, there is admittedly a lot of room for drama in the coming, and there will be as long as humans roam the planet. Not sure if your list is all that negative for everybody…

    – Japan shutting down nukes is good news; it drives up the price of energy, which is bad news for economic growth but good news for those advocating rapid introduction of renewables.
    – Let the Chinese destroy the dollar. OK, that is easy to say for a European like me, but bringing down the cluster Bretton Woods dollar-FED-Wallstreet-media-AIPAC in the long term could mean a liberation of the Euro-Americans and a chance to start all over again, as a free people.
    – Dropping demand for petroleum is not necessarily bad news. Prices btw for petrol have come down substantially here, because of it.
    – Nobody wants a (world) war, except for the neocons and assorted jihadists. I do not see that happening too easy, but it cannot be excluded either.
    – Banks are always kept solvent by central banks, that’s how the system works.

    And I would like to add the internet by and large as a very positive factor in the modern world as a means of free exchange information, circumventing media and their agendas and short-cutting propaganda.

    Cheer up Bill, there is more than ever space for creativity and room to address challenges, or in short: interesting times.

  8. Mike on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 11:53 am 

    Arthur where do you get all this information about renewable being a fix for all the worlds energy problems?

    It comes down to this. We are moving from a highly concentrated energy source to a diffuse energy source. This has never happened in the history of “progress”. If You move to a more diffuse energy source your civilisation does less than it did before, this is called collapse.

    No pensions
    No unemployment benefit
    No subsidised agriculture
    No globalisation

    A vast number of very hungry pissed off people. You think the riots/unrest in Turkey, Brazil, Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, France, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Syria etc. etc. etc. are just a fad? a one off? these are spreading like wildfire across the world, but you will keep your head in the sand until someone comes smashing your door down looking for food.

    I’ve met your type before, your the person who comes on the news in shock and says, “we never thought something like this could happen here, nobody could have predicted it, it’s like something out of a movie, the government needs to do something about it”

    The slowest camper is what you are and reality is going to smack you in the face in the next few years.

  9. Mack on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 5:23 pm 

    BILL wants the west to collapse because he is anti-white and anti-civilization, he is the kind of guy that Ted Kaczynski described as the sick leftist, a person who normally despise the white male, because the white mas is a winner, a conqueror, an a source of prosperity, he hates america because america is white and prosperous.

  10. Arthur on Fri, 21st Jun 2013 5:47 pm 

    “Arthur where do you get all this information about renewable being a fix for all the worlds energy problems?”

    I never said that renewables are going to be a ‘fix’. I am saying we have nothing else so we better get started with it now.

    “If You move to a more diffuse energy source your civilisation does less than it did before, this is called collapse.”

    Why should returning to the fifties in a material sense constitute a collapse?

    “You think the riots/unrest in Turkey, Brazil, Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, France, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Syria etc. etc. etc. are just a fad? a one off?”

    No, I do not think so at all. That unrest is going to increase and the effect could very well be a regrouping on an ethnic/religeous basis and probably large scale ethnic cleansing. And the more mixed places are, the more horrible it is going to be, like in Yugoslavia, Iraq and Syria. You see it happening today in Greece, the growth/rebirth of nationalism. Or the muslim brotherhood in Sunni countries. Globalism will be dead, communities are going to be reestablished on grass roots level. And it probably is not going to be all that humanitarian, unfortunately.

    But it seems that the only moral position acceptable to you is despair.

    Count me out.

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