Urban growth, farm exports drive tropical deforestation

Under December’s Copenhagen Accord, rich countries are pledging some 10 billion dollars over the next three years to help poor countries tackle climate change.

A big but so far unspecified chunk of the cash will go on programmes to prevent loss of tropical forests, which is a major source of greenhouse gases

But environmental scientists publishing in the journal Nature Geoscience on Sunday cautioned against a rush to favour schemes that are unlikely to work.

A common theory is that pressure on forests can be eased by reducing the population in rural areas, or discouraging rural people from clearing land for fuel or food for their own use.

The study, led by Ruth DeFries of New York’s Columbia University, looked at satellite data for forest loss in 41 countries from 2000 to 2005 and matched this against a host of other factors.

Two much bigger causes accelerated forest loss, they found.

One was the demographic growth of the host country’s cities.

Urbanisation raises consumption levels and boosts demands for agricutural products. City dwellers eat more processed food and meat, which in turn encourages large-scale farming that leads to forest clearance.

The other factor is agricultural exports, which also amplified demands for farmland.

“The strong trend in movement of people to cities in the tropics is, counter-intuitively, likely to be associated with greater pressures for clearing tropical forests,” says the study.

Physorg