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Energy Per Capita in the News

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Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Thu 22 Jan 2009, 08:55:50

First a look at energy per capita since it's important to define terms.

I don't have an exact definition of energy per capita. If you do please chime in with it. I could make one up but I'm not going to. I want one with a source other than me.

In lieu of a definition I'll provide an example instead:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]The Long Road Down: Decline and the Deindustrial Future

... skip ...

The logic of the Hubbert Curve provides the framework for Richard Duncan's Olduvai Theory , an uncompromising look at a deindustrial future. Duncan starts with White's Law, a widely accepted rule that culture evolves as the amount of energy per capita goes up. Globally, energy per capita stood at very modest levels until 1800, when fossil fuels sent it skyrocketing to its all-time peak in 1979. At that point, Duncan shows, two centuries of explosive progress began to unravel.

After 1979, global energy per capita declined as rising population outstripped modest increases in energy production. As energy production itself drops after the Hubbert Curve peaks, the decline accelerates. Follow the curve, and by 2030 global energy per capita is where it was in 1930, around a third of its 1979 value. Duncan argues that the industrial age is a pulse waveform, a single, bell-shaped, non-repeating curve centered on 1979. Since no renewable energy resource can provide more than a small fraction of the immense amounts of fossil fuel energy we've squandered in the recent past, he predicts that the millennia of low tech cultures before the industrial pulse, when nobody knew about the fantastic treasure of free energy locked up in fossil fuels, will be balanced by millennia of low tech cultures after the industrial pulse, when the treasure will be gone forever.

... snip ...
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Thu 22 Jan 2009, 08:57:08

And now the news

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Big Homes, 1-Person Households are Main Causes of Consumer Energy Waste, Study Finds

... Single-person households, which have grown at triple the rate of overall population growth since 1960, use 18.4% more energy per capita than two-person households do, SMR found. They use 52.8% more energy per capita than three-person households.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Energy changes coming to [Kentucky, USA], ready or not

... Kentucky must be visionary to build a plan that does not extend our existing vulnerabilities. ... According to the Energy Information Administration, Kentucky has the sixth-highest energy-per-capita consumption among states. Our residential sector is 24 percent more energy intensive than the national average.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Bill McKibben Interview

... When you go to Europe, they’re much more ready. They use half the amount of energy per capita that we use.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Not this, not here

... Virginia uses more energy per capita than most states, suggesting that there are ways to dial back without cutting into our quality of life or economic health. Instead, we'll be promoting our physical health.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby mos6507 » Thu 22 Jan 2009, 09:57:31

These kinds of stories have been showing up for years in fringe/progressive websites. Wake me when it hits the NY Times.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Thu 22 Jan 2009, 10:02:56

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('mos6507', 'T')hese kinds of stories have been showing up for years in fringe/progressive websites. Wake me when it hits the NY Times.


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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Fri 23 Jan 2009, 11:04:58

It says something about a politician when they are clever enough to use the phrase "energy per capita", no?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Gibbons dedicates solar plant near Boulder City

By Cassie Tomlin
Las Vegas Sun
January 22, 2009

... skip ...

During the ceremony, [Gov. Jim Gibbons] said Nevada leads the nation in producing the most solar energy per capita, and he wants to make renewable energy one of the state’s base industries.

... snip ...
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Fri 23 Jan 2009, 23:13:15

Interesting thread brat. It could be nice, as you infer, if someone could throw in some workable definitions and, more importantly, meaningful stats. I’m not sure what the change in global consumption means in a practical way. Most of the population increase has been in the third world which uses little FF. Including their numbers in the calculation seems to skew the answer into the realm of meaningless. Many of the biggest FF users are the industrialized nations which tend to have the lowest birth rates. Taking the scale smaller, to just the US, could be more meaningful. But there are quirks there also. Northern and heavily populated states (i.e. NY) use a large amount of FF but should have a low per capita due to pop. density. Nevada, OTOH, has a small pop but high FF usage due to the military industrial complex concentration there. In general consider the difference in profile between heavily ag states vs. manufacturing states.

There seems to be an underlying sense that the lower the per capita usage the more “righteous”. I’m not sure that can be argued when the details are considered. Nebraska, with the heavy use of FF, fertilizers, etc used in ag combined with a relatively small pop might have a high p/c usage. Yet they feed the US and much of the world. Thus are they good stewards of our FF resources or bad? Or does even asking that question make sense?
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Sat 24 Jan 2009, 09:13:22

ROCKMAN, your post definitely merits some good answers.

As for the value of energy-per-capita in a world were many people have only seen electricity in the form of lightning and therefor should be skewing the answer into the realm of meaningless, is it not the fact that there is a finite amount of energy to go around the reason they don't also use it? Calculating equanimity into a ratio of BTUs/people isn't really within the scope of energy-per-capita is it?

There are probably more valuable ways to study fossil fuel usage on a local level than energy-per-capita but is there a better way to see effects that are on a planetary scale?

As for meaningful statistics it would be very nice to see energy-per-capita charts like the ones I'm posting below brought up-to-date.

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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby outcast » Sat 24 Jan 2009, 09:32:12

Global energy per capita as a tool for evaluation whether or not industrial civilization will collapse fails because it does not take into account that the vast majority of population growth during that time has happened in non-industrial civilizations, which makes the Olduvai theory kind of flawed.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Sat 24 Jan 2009, 09:48:56

brat,

I get you about the global view. But I do tend to think p/c usage is also heavily dependent upon the ability to purchase FF. But that's also related to a degree with availability. It's not difficult to imagine the US morphing into an increasing bipolar p/c profile: low usage by the poor with static or even increasing usage by the affluent. But those distinction don't change the global stat. More pop and less FF will drive the globaql p/c usage down. The dark side of such a slide is the increased potential for resource wars.

But I was more musing about judgement regarding the good shepards of FF vs. those bad shepards. Each of us gets to identify each based on our own moral compases.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 06:59:56

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('outcast', 'G')lobal energy per capita as a tool for evaluation whether or not industrial civilization will collapse fails because it does not take into account that the vast majority of population growth during that time has happened in non-industrial civilizations, which makes the Olduvai theory kind of flawed.


Those non-industrial civilizations would be industrial if there was a higher energy-per-capita ratio.

The lower the energy-per-capita ratio the more we have to ration energy and therefor cut off vast populations.

The energy have-nots most certainly do count.

In the "Peak Oil Game of Musical Chairs" they are the ones without a seat because they are the ones to represent depletion.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby bratticus » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 08:03:35

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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby outcast » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 08:40:42

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')hose non-industrial civilizations would be industrial if there was a higher energy-per-capita ratio.

The lower the energy-per-capita ratio the more we have to ration energy and therefor cut off vast populations.

The energy have-nots most certainly do count.



Nigeria is a major oil producing country, it is swimming in energy and yet it isn't industrialized at all. France has no coal and no oil whatsoever, I'm not even sure if they have any significant uranium reserves and yet it is industrialized, and has been for a long time. A lot of those states aren't industrialized because that is what their leaders chose. It has nothing to do with energy, since if they don't have it they can import it.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby Mesuge » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 09:16:46

Oh yes, the leaders in former colonies have opted not to industrialize, yep that's a good one! The sheer logic of it, aren't you an american?

More realistic scenario is that after millenia/centuries of slave trade, raw materials being sucked up to the centers of advanced civilizations, and latest game of IMF/WB they have been left with a dirty muddy pot of nothing in terms of human potential or resources to realistically catch up with the rest of the advanced world.

Mind you, this is just a realistic observation not "bleeding heart" type of rant.

For instance, imagine even worsened humanitarian situation of the majority of the peoples of this planet the have nots, among other things it has the propensity to amplify any possible outbreak of superfast spreading diseases, which might crash the 1st world in no time as well..

That's the beauty of ecosystems like this planet, in the final analysis you can't escape the results of your/our own caca which has been building up around the world since the industrial/green revolution or even before. The payback time is comming and it won't be pretty.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby ROCKMAN » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 09:22:42

True brat. That's what I was getting at with the "good shepard of FF" comment. Outcast mentions Nigeria but there's an even better example of misconceptions. Just to the south of Nigeria is Equatorial Guinea, an island country of only 500,000, which is one of the largest oil producers in Africa and almost certainly has one of the lowest p/c usages of FF in the world. But it's not so much a lack of industrialization as it is the rule of a brutal dictator starving his citizens despite having one of the highest p/c incomes in the world. I worked there in 2007 and it was a horrible and frustrating sight. My client was burning 25 million cubic ft of NG every day which was produced with the 300,000 barrels of daily oil that was shipped off to Europe. My client had offered to lay a pipeline to the island for free but the ruler didn't want to spend the money for a distribution system.

That's what I was getting on about: the use of such stats as p/c usage by some as some judgmental qualifier of FF consumption. In the eyes of Europe EG is a wonderful example of p/c usage: the produce much and use almost nothing. But it's obviously not a good and moral set up.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby outcast » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 10:36:02

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')h yes, the leaders in former colonies have opted not to industrialize, yep that's a good one! The sheer logic of it, aren't you an american?



While we didn't help much there's plenty of blame to be placed on their leaders. I'll go back to my Nigeria example, they make lots of money from their oil, but before any of the people see it, it's all siphoned away by horrendously corrupt government officials.

A more specific example is about the oil find in Uganda, or about how the president of uganda managed to buy a multi-million dollar gulfstream jet for his own purposes

Care to explain how any of that was to the benefit of their people? Those examples just begin to scratch the surface of what is wrong there.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'a')nd latest game of IMF/WB they have been left with a dirty muddy pot of nothing in terms of human potential or resources to realistically catch up with the rest of the advanced world.


They have HUGE amounts of resources, but the rather sizable revenues it generates disappears before it can be put to use to actually make the country better. Human potential is often lost because of mismanagement and corruption. Uganda used to have the best education system in Africa, but over the last 20 years it has gone to the dogs. In Uganda many educated people such as doctors and engineers have a lot of trouble finding work so they often leave the country.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby davep » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 10:48:57

Just to balance things out a bit, Tunisia has oil reserves, but has decided to keep them for the local populace.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby culicomorpha » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 15:50:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('outcast', 'G')lobal energy per capita as a tool for evaluation whether or not industrial civilization will collapse fails because it does not take into account that the vast majority of population growth during that time has happened in non-industrial civilizations, which makes the Olduvai theory kind of flawed.


I imagine that Duncan would probably agree that energy per capita is problematic in that energy usage is not uniformly distributed among the world population. But I don’t think this fact invalidates his basic argument.

It seems to me that the crucial question is: how dependent is a given culture/nation upon abundant energy sources?

For example, when I visited Europe a few years back, it was clearly obvious to me that much of Europe developed under conditions of relative energy scarcity. The layout of housing and businesses is completely different than in the US, where there are typically great distances between homes and workplaces, markets, etc. Americans are “hooked-in” or formally dependent upon oil - in particular - in order for the culture to function as designed. So in that sense, Europe, because it developed under conditions of relative energy scarcity, will be much better positioned to transition to a lower energy way of life. The lower per capita energy use of Europe probably reflects these differences, which are historical in nature.

Similarly, third world de-industrialized nations are probably going to be much better positioned to deal with declines in energy because they never developed a dependence on FFs in order to live. This is not uniformly true, but I think it is broadly accurate.

In terms of energy per capita, it might be more effective to limit the calculation to industrialized countries, and in particular, taking into account energy required for transportation, a sector where oil is vital.

Certainly, people can disagree about the shape of the energy per capita curve going forward, but it seems inescapable to me that at some point it will be impossible for industrialized nations, particularly the US, to function as designed. And I agree with Duncan that one critical weakness is the electrical distribution system. It remains to be seen whether the US will be able to maintain its relative affluence, so as to enable continued use of a disproportionate energy per capita. If it can, Duncan’s cliff might be more like the slide, extending over several decades. If not, the cliff might be much more dramatic.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby outcast » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 21:39:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') imagine that Duncan would probably agree that energy per capita is problematic in that energy usage is not uniformly distributed among the world population. But I don’t think this fact invalidates his basic argument.



It does, because the basis of his argument was that industrial civilizations will fail soon because global energy per capita is supposed to be falling. When it comes to measuring success or failure of industrial civs, wouldn't it make more sense to look at the people in those industrial civs instead of counting people who are not?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'F')or example, when I visited Europe a few years back, it was clearly obvious to me that much of Europe developed under conditions of relative energy scarcity.



Apples and oranges for the most part. Those European cities and towns are centuries old, many even going back to roman times. They were already in place long before the industrial revolution. Even with the industrial revolution, they became industrialized mostly before the car come into effect. They also don't have the kind of sprawl that we do probably because they don't have the space for it. France for example has nearly four times the population density of the US.

Compare this with the US which has huge amounts of space, and many of our cities are relatively new. You can't compare Paris to Los Angeles.
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby VMarcHart » Sun 25 Jan 2009, 22:12:00

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ROCKMAN', 'M')ost of the population increase has been in the third world which uses little FF.
Rock, I don't mean to cause a stir, but rather just point the poor third world gets more blame than it deserves.

Sure the Somali population tripled in the last 30-40 years, but in the meantime, the American population grew by 50% too. And I imagine the US consumes at least 50 times energy per capita than Somalia. What does it say of us?
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Re: Energy Per Capita in the News

Unread postby culicomorpha » Mon 26 Jan 2009, 01:39:08

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('outcast', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') imagine that Duncan would probably agree that energy per capita is problematic in that energy usage is not uniformly distributed among the world population. But I don’t think this fact invalidates his basic argument.



It does, because the basis of his argument was that industrial civilizations will fail soon because global energy per capita is supposed to be falling. When it comes to measuring success or failure of industrial civs, wouldn't it make more sense to look at the people in those industrial civs instead of counting people who are not?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'F')or example, when I visited Europe a few years back, it was clearly obvious to me that much of Europe developed under conditions of relative energy scarcity.



Apples and oranges for the most part. Those European cities and towns are centuries old, many even going back to roman times. They were already in place long before the industrial revolution. Even with the industrial revolution, they became industrialized mostly before the car come into effect. They also don't have the kind of sprawl that we do probably because they don't have the space for it. France for example has nearly four times the population density of the US.

Compare this with the US which has huge amounts of space, and many of our cities are relatively new. You can't compare Paris to Los Angeles.


His measure of energy per capita is more a proxy than an absolute measure. What he was driving at in his papers is that the energy required for maintenance will exceed available energy. In particular, oil, re: gasoline and diesel. Besides, this was what I said, that the measure would be more appropriate if it were limited to industrialized countries. I fail to see how this invalidates his argument. It is a quantitative difference, not a qualitative one. If you prefer, how about we modify his energy per capita to [energy per capita for industrial countries]? Does this substantially change the math? I don't think so. So you decrease the denominator, but the ratio will still tend towards zero no matter what because it is the numerator that in the limit is approaching zero.

As for the difference between America and Europe, this is exactly what I said. Apples and Oranges, indeed. It doesn't disprove his theory in the least. In fact, I think you are arguing my point.
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