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USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

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USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby pb_2_au » Wed 22 Nov 2006, 15:17:20

I need help understanding the performance of USO, which has been worse than the spot price of crude.

I have charted the two side by side, so below find a 2 month version I was looking at. It's a very crude chart (HAHA) but something is jumping out at me, which is that the price of USO deteriorates more and appreciates less than WTI crude price it is supposedly based on.

For example on the chart you can see on the WTI chart a Sept 18 price of 64.5 and Oct 16 price of 61.5 this is a 4.5% loss. On the USO chart the prices are 58.25 and 54.5 respectively which is a 6.5% loss. If you extend this to early Nov you've realized a 10% loss on WTI spot and 11.5% on USO

The whopper is recent action which is what made me really take notice and look into what had been a gut feeling:
From the low during the first week of Nov to last week's low on WTI the price is UP, whereas for the same period the USO price is DOWN.
Image
Perhaps the explanation is in the next month's future price and contango and backwardization and rolling one month's contract to the next, perhaps I'm comparing apples to oranges. I just get the feeling, USO is not doing what it's supposed to: track the price of crude, and my question is: are the concerns many aired about USO's model coming to bear (haha).
So can anyone help? I know there are other USO investors on this board who should be interested.
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby pup55 » Wed 22 Nov 2006, 16:02:35

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')SOF will invest in futures contracts for West Texas Intermediate light, sweet crude oil, other types of crude oil, heating oil, gasoline, natural gas, and other petroleum-based fuels that are traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange or other United States and foreign exchanges


Per Yahoo Finance. There are some non-crude elements in this ETF.
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby teemu » Thu 23 Nov 2006, 04:58:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pb_2_au', 'P')erhaps the explanation is in the next month's future price and contango and backwardization and rolling one month's contract to the next


I think this is the explanation. If you look what is really inside USO, there is always front month contract that is rolled one month forward. So, because futures are in contango, USO loses value even though oil is not declining.

Maybe you should look at DBC. I think it uses some more sophisticated algoritm in rolling instead of always just rolling one month forward.
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby lowem » Tue 28 Nov 2006, 00:48:34

I don't think USO is a very good buy. Besides the obvious out-of-sync issue with the WTIC, there's also not much daily volume. I've looked at it briefly in the past, but have taken it off my watchlist already.

Also considering DBC. Monitoring for an entry point.
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby MrBill » Tue 28 Nov 2006, 05:00:26

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('teemu', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pb_2_au', 'P')erhaps the explanation is in the next month's future price and contango and backwardization and rolling one month's contract to the next


I think this is the explanation. If you look what is really inside USO, there is always front month contract that is rolled one month forward. So, because futures are in contango, USO loses value even though oil is not declining.

Maybe you should look at DBC. I think it uses some more sophisticated algoritm in rolling instead of always just rolling one month forward.


I have to agree. The LONG ONLY nature means that the contango works against you on the way up as the fund is always selling the front month and buying the next month during the second or third week of the month which is more expensive. Still running $1 per month I see between JAN/FEB/MAR/APR in the Brent and in the JAN/FEB WTI it is even wider. So if this pattern holds that is minus $12 per year or -20% of $60 per barrel crude.

And although the contango should work for the short sellers on the way down, or if prices remain flat to weak, the LONG ONLY nature of the fund means that the buyer can only suffer the lumps as it falls while continuing to pay away that $1 per month.

I cannot see that DBC is any different even if they sell 2nd against 3rd month or 3rd against 4th for example? The long only and contango factors do not change. And the funds cannot go short.

UBS was offering an OTC fund called an OILFIELD that took a much longer view. Their fund sold the front month and then bought the farthest month. 5-years I think? The logic being that overtime as oil prices went up that owning an OILFIELD note would mimic the characteristics of owning your own oilfield, but the effects of contango practically disappear the farther out you go and at some point becomes a backwardation scenario*.

However, this still does not protect the note buyer in the short run should crude prices correct 30% downwards as they have done recently. So you really have to take a long view and hope for the best?

*WTI front month JAN 2007 = $60.50
contango until DEC 08 = $69.00
basically flat around reflexion point
backwardation until DEC 12 = $66.40
Brent futures look slightly different again
NOTE: futures prices can be very illiquid and do not necessarily reflect actual bid/offer spreads in long dated calendar months
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby atari2601 » Thu 30 Nov 2006, 21:54:41

Very interesting discussion going here! I've been pondering the economics of peak oil for about two years now, but up until today had no idea there were others actually discussing this in a public setting.

For others on the board investing with peak oil in mind, where are you putting your money? I'm looking for an investment vehicle with a high "gearing" relative to a rising crude oil price. I explored buying call options on oil itself but the account minimums and option prices were too high for me, a young investor. I considered USO like others in this thread, but also noted it failing to keep up with crude oil.

Canadian energy trusts look promising, but I'm unsure with their complex price hedging how they would respond to a truly rapid rise in the price of crude. That leaves big oil like Exxon and Conoco-Phillips. Are they the best investment at this point?

Thanks for any ideas you have!

Tim - Wilmington, NC, USA
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 01 Dec 2006, 03:51:23

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('atari2601', 'V')ery interesting discussion going here! I've been pondering the economics of peak oil for about two years now, but up until today had no idea there were others actually discussing this in a public setting.

For others on the board investing with peak oil in mind, where are you putting your money? I'm looking for an investment vehicle with a high "gearing" relative to a rising crude oil price. I explored buying call options on oil itself but the account minimums and option prices were too high for me, a young investor. I considered USO like others in this thread, but also noted it failing to keep up with crude oil.

Canadian energy trusts look promising, but I'm unsure with their complex price hedging how they would respond to a truly rapid rise in the price of crude. That leaves big oil like Exxon and Conoco-Phillips. Are they the best investment at this point?

Thanks for any ideas you have!

Tim - Wilmington, NC, USA


Tim, XOM, as a large cap stock has almost a one to one correlation with the underlying price of crude. As an alternative, I would buy the Iran stock exchange index? Just kidding! ; - )
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby teemu » Fri 01 Dec 2006, 19:36:37

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', 'I') cannot see that DBC is any different even if they sell 2nd against 3rd month or 3rd against 4th for example? The long only and contango factors do not change. And the funds cannot go short.


Currently FEB2007 is 65.01 and FEB2008 is 70.08. So if you sell FEB2007 and buy FEB2008, you will lose only 5 dollars instead of 12 if you roll to next contract every month. And you can hold FEB2008 till next December.
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 04 Dec 2006, 03:32:22

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('teemu', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', 'I') cannot see that DBC is any different even if they sell 2nd against 3rd month or 3rd against 4th for example? The long only and contango factors do not change. And the funds cannot go short.


Currently FEB2007 is 65.01 and FEB2008 is 70.08. So if you sell FEB2007 and buy FEB2008, you will lose only 5 dollars instead of 12 if you roll to next contract every month. And you can hold FEB2008 till next December.


What you say is technically correct. However, these are exchange traded funds with no minimum holding period or quarterly redemptions. Therefore, the funds have to match incoming funds to an appropriate investment strategy/time horizon or risk mismatches if, for example, clients cash-out early. If you are going to take one year or multi-year punts on the direction of crude then you need at least a one year lock-up period as well. Something many private funds have, but not ETFs.
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Re: USO price vs WTI : Losing ground?

Unread postby teemu » Mon 11 Dec 2006, 17:43:08

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', 'I')f you are going to take one year or multi-year punts on the direction of crude then you need at least a one year lock-up period as well. Something many private funds have, but not ETFs.


As far as I have understood, we are talking about ETFs and not open ended fund. So there is no really redemption in same sense as with open ended funds. Instead if someone wants to cash-ouh, he will sell his ETFs in open market. And if NAV diverges too much from market value, someone could exchange the ETFs to underlying future contracts and cash out the difference.
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