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The limits to sustainability

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The limits to sustainability

Unread postby EnergySpin » Fri 12 Aug 2005, 01:32:59

For those of you who want to read an introduction on energy/thermodynamics/environment/sustainability (only high school math, do not worry) you can try your teeth on the following
The limits of technological solutions to sustainable development

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]Abstract Sustainable development has been defined by
political and corporate leaders as the combination of environmental
protection and economic growth. As a result,
the concept of eco-efficiency has been promoted as the
primary tool for achieving industrial sustainability.
However, there are at least four reasons why technological
improvements in eco-efficiency alone will be insufficient to
bring about a transition to sustainability. First, considering
that the very foundations of western industrial societies
are based on the exploitation of non-renewable
minerals and fuels, it will be extremely difficult to switch to
an industrial and economic system based solely on
renewable resources. Clearly, the continuing use of nonrenewables
is inherently unsustainable because of finite
material supplies and the fact that 100% recycling is
impossible. Second, given the limited supply of nonrenewable
fuels, long-term sustainability can only be
guaranteed if all energy is derived directly or indirectly
from the sun. However, if the current U.S. energy demand
would have to be supplied solely from solar sources, a wide
range of serious and unavoidable negative environmental
impacts are likely to result. Third, even the best of human
ingenuity and the greatest technological optimism are
bounded by the second law of thermodynamics, which
dictates that all industrial and economic activities have
unavoidable negative environmental consequences. Finally,
improvements in eco-efficiency alone will not guarantee
a reduction in the total environmental impact if economic
growth is allowed to continue. Unless growth in both
population and consumption is restrained, these technological
improvements only delay the onset of negative
consequences that, as a result, will have increased in severity,

Short version:
There will always be limits - and there are multiple stable points in the system Earth/environment/economy
Long version: 10 pages ... will take less than 45 minutes to read ... so log-off the XXX sites, switch off the TV and read
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby Tanada » Thu 24 May 2007, 20:28:26

Bump...Still worth a good reading and arguing about.
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To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby Homesteader » Thu 24 May 2007, 20:34:28

Yeah, like those folks who think that since the Green Revolution didn't do it that GMO's are the key to enabling third wold countries to grow enough food to feed their populations.

Increased food production simply means a larger underfed population.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby yesplease » Thu 24 May 2007, 21:47:12

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')owever, if the current U.S. energy demand
would have to be supplied solely from solar sources, a wide
range of serious and unavoidable negative environmental
impacts are likely to result.


U.S. energy demand is artificially inflated in order to maximize profit. Wouldn't it be sensible to assume that policy changes would attempt to put an end to this, and provide a relatively efficient level of energy usage?
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby MonteQuest » Thu 24 May 2007, 22:04:42

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('yesplease', ' ')U.S. energy demand is artificially inflated in order to maximize profit. Wouldn't it be sensible to assume that policy changes would attempt to put an end to this, and provide a relatively efficient level of energy usage?


What jobs do you propose we cut to achieve this?

All that "artificially inflated" energy use currently employs millions and drives much of GDP growth.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby yesplease » Thu 24 May 2007, 23:04:05

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', 'W')hat jobs do you propose we cut to achieve this?

All that "artificially inflated" energy use currently employs millions and drives much of GDP growth.


The ones that "earn" the most. :-D

Barring Enron's quasi illegal fiasco, most of the wealthiest in America achieve this though "legal" means. Meaning they rip people off w/o much in the way of opposition.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')sing data from the Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances, economist Edward Wolff of New York University says that the top 1 percent had 40 percent of the nation's household wealth as of 1997. The top 1 percent of households have more wealth than the entire bottom 95 percent.


Which, like I said before, is more or less the same shit, different dance. It moves from imperialism, to nationalism, to economics, but for the most part, our "problems" in terms of resource use and allocation stem from our social pecking order so to speak. For instance, we don't need thousands of pounds of steel and plastic to move a single individual, but it's highly profitable to do so, so it's pushed and exploited, in order for the few to grow wealthier. This "problem" of oil price and use was brought about by it.

All that artificially inflated use serves to do is leverage resources/people in order for a small group to control a relatively large group. The only difference is that now it's because of "the market" as opposed to "divine providence" or "manifest destiny". :twisted:
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby Graeme » Sat 26 May 2007, 01:08:50

EnergySpin, I do think that, theoretically, there is a way forward, but in practice this will be difficult to achieve because it will require major changes in government policy for all nations, unless individual companies adopt their own green policies first to their advantage.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he green economists share broader ecological and social concerns, including a distrust of capitalism itself, that go beyond the narrower concerns of environmental economics, resource economics, and sustainable development, which are subsets of green economics.

All green economists regard "economic growth" as a delusion, since it contradicts the first Axiom (above). Growthism is an ideology which disrupts and destroys growth in the life support capacity of the natural ecosystem: air and water filtering, food production, fiber growth. Green economists often characterize their work as "social ecology" and some may employ the Marxist analysis of means of production.

The central problem of economic growth is that it implies ever-increasing "throughput" of materials, through the linear process of mine-manufacture-use-dispose. There is a need for growth in the green sector of the economy, for instance, a growth in the recycling industry, as the world economy moves towards a sustainable mode.


wikipedia
Last edited by Graeme on Sun 27 May 2007, 01:54:33, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby Tyler_JC » Sat 26 May 2007, 02:17:05

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Homesteader', 'Y')eah, like those folks who think that since the Green Revolution didn't do it that GMO's are the key to enabling third wold countries to grow enough food to feed their populations.

Increased food production simply means a larger underfed population.


Correlation between high infant mortality rates and high population growth rates (picture)

If you can assure a mother that her children will outlive her, she will have fewer of them.

If she's expected to lose half of her children before they reach adulthood, her incentive is to have as many children as possible.

The data is irrefutable, a high infant mortality rate translates into a high population growth rate. A low infant mortality rate translates into a low population growth rate or even population decline.

People in the third world are living at roughly the same standard of living that people in the West "enjoyed" in 1800. The rate of child labor in the third world is actually lower than the rate of child labor in Europe and the United States in the 1840s. Population levels exploded in the West when we figured out how to keep our people alive but hadn't lost the tradition of large families. Currently in the world's poor countries, fertility rates are dropping much faster than they dropped in the West when we entered The Demographic Transition.

The expected peak level of global population has been dropping for several decades. We will never hit 14 billion people as some predicted in the 70s. We might not even break 10 billion. I think the current UN estimate is around 9 billion.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby SevenTen » Sat 26 May 2007, 05:24:00

I doubt we'll hit 7.5 billion. Being so severely in overshoot, and living in a system so entirely dependent on cheap energy to feed ourselves, and clean ourselves (to fend off our natural predators, viruses and bacteria), and clear our wastes, and provide our lifestyles ... as cheap energy declines, the rest will decline. It will be a fast catabolic collapse.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Sat 26 May 2007, 06:15:24

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SevenTen', 'I') doubt we'll hit 7.5 billion. Being so severely in overshoot, and living in a system so entirely dependent on cheap energy to feed ourselves, and clean ourselves (to fend off our natural predators, viruses and bacteria), and clear our wastes, and provide our lifestyles ... as cheap energy declines, the rest will decline. It will be a fast catabolic collapse.

I tend to agree with that. Onset of die-off at early 2020-thies at the latest...
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby EnergySpin » Sat 26 May 2007, 10:33:04

WTF? :-D
A blast from my posting past?

Interesting essay, re-reading it after almost 2 years is refreshing. There are some points that are "eco-religious" so to speak. For example: $this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')hird, even the best of human
ingenuity and the greatest technological optimism are
bounded by the second law of thermodynamics, which
dictates that all industrial and economic activities have
unavoidable negative environmental consequences.

There is nothing in the 2nd law of thermodynamics that says that ...
Nevertheless, an interesting essay to start thinking about the issues, but take everything in the text with a grain of salt.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 26 May 2007, 10:43:33

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Tyler_JC', 'T')he expected peak level of global population has been dropping for several decades. We will never hit 14 billion people as some predicted in the 70s. We might not even break 10 billion. I think the current UN estimate is around 9 billion.


Only if the standard of living rise experienced over the last 45 years continues so the transitions can continue.

9.1 billion is the UN mean estimate. 11 billion the high.

At the current rate 13 billion in 58 years.

With peak oil on the horizon, do you think the world's SOL is going to continue to rise?

I don't.

We may see a return to large families to work and grow food.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 26 May 2007, 10:45:09

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SevenTen', 'I') doubt we'll hit 7.5 billion. Being so severely in overshoot, and living in a system so entirely dependent on cheap energy to feed ourselves, and clean ourselves (to fend off our natural predators, viruses and bacteria), and clear our wastes, and provide our lifestyles ... as cheap energy declines, the rest will decline. It will be a fast catabolic collapse.


7 billion is projected in 6 years.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 26 May 2007, 10:51:30

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergySpin', 'W')TF? :-D
A blast from my posting past?

Interesting essay, re-reading it after almost 2 years is refreshing. There are some points that are "eco-religious" so to speak. For example: $this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')hird, even the best of human
ingenuity and the greatest technological optimism are
bounded by the second law of thermodynamics, which
dictates that all industrial and economic activities have
unavoidable negative environmental consequences.

There is nothing in the 2nd law of thermodynamics that says that ...


The fact that you don't grasp how 2nd Law applies, does not mean it doesn't.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Sat 26 May 2007, 11:54:37

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '[')i]Only if the standard of living rise experienced over the last 45 years continues so the transitions can continue.

9.1 billion is the UN mean estimate. 11 billion the high.

At the current rate 13 billion in 58 years.

With peak oil on the horizon, do you think the world's SOL is going to continue to rise?

I don't.

We may see a return to large families to work and grow food.

Evidence from Russia and large parts of Eastern Europe is clearly contradicting this set of presumptions.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby bshirt » Sat 26 May 2007, 12:04:44

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SevenTen', 'I') doubt we'll hit 7.5 billion. Being so severely in overshoot, and living in a system so entirely dependent on cheap energy to feed ourselves, and clean ourselves (to fend off our natural predators, viruses and bacteria), and clear our wastes, and provide our lifestyles ... as cheap energy declines, the rest will decline. It will be a fast catabolic collapse.


Add to your list titanic levels of debt (private and govn), a fiat currency, topsoil being eroded, water contaminated.....you bet, I'm with ya SevenTen.

Folks betting it'll be a nice, managable decline will be unhappy campers.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 26 May 2007, 12:48:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergyUnlimited', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '[')i]Only if the standard of living rise experienced over the last 45 years continues so the transitions can continue.

9.1 billion is the UN mean estimate. 11 billion the high.

At the current rate 13 billion in 58 years.

With peak oil on the horizon, do you think the world's SOL is going to continue to rise?

I don't.

We may see a return to large families to work and grow food.

Evidence from Russia and large parts of Eastern Europe is clearly contradicting this set of presumptions.


The factors at play there are depression, STD's, alcoholism, infertility. Do a google search on the causes of Russian population decline. I have written extensively on it here at peakoil.com.

Missed it? Or ignore it?

And I was talking about post-peak when severe energy decline sets in.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby EnergySpin » Sat 26 May 2007, 12:58:53

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('EnergySpin', 'W')TF? :-D
A blast from my posting past?

Interesting essay, re-reading it after almost 2 years is refreshing. There are some points that are "eco-religious" so to speak. For example: $this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')hird, even the best of human
ingenuity and the greatest technological optimism are
bounded by the second law of thermodynamics, which
dictates that all industrial and economic activities have
unavoidable negative environmental consequences.

There is nothing in the 2nd law of thermodynamics that says that ...


The fact that you don't grasp how 2nd Law applies, does not mean it doesn't.

Hm, the second law concerns statements of entropy of ensembles. Nowone doubts the mathematical rendering of this law, but the meaning of "entropy" is still debated. Specifically whether entropy is a physical property of the world (like matter, energy states etc) versus a property of our descriptions about the world (similar to an average value) is disputed on very good grounds.
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby SevenTen » Sat 26 May 2007, 13:17:58

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('SevenTen', 'I') doubt we'll hit 7.5 billion. Being so severely in overshoot, and living in a system so entirely dependent on cheap energy to feed ourselves, and clean ourselves (to fend off our natural predators, viruses and bacteria), and clear our wastes, and provide our lifestyles ... as cheap energy declines, the rest will decline. It will be a fast catabolic collapse.


7 billion is projected in 6 years.

Which is why I said the collapse would be "fast".
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Re: The limits to sustainability

Unread postby EnergyUnlimited » Sat 26 May 2007, 13:39:54

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '
')The factors at play there are depression, STD's, alcoholism, infertility. Do a google search on the causes of Russian population decline. I have written extensively on it here at peakoil.com.

Missed it? Or ignore it?

And I was talking about post-peak when severe energy decline sets in.

Phenomenon observed in Russia/post Soviet states is a good example of societal changes precipitated by declining life standards with some natural regulation mechanisms kicking in.
Increase of infertility and/or spread of STD may be an example of such natural regulation process (albeit alcoholism and similar causes may also play a part here).
On the other hand increase of alcoholism is a straight effect of societal collapse and of no future mindset prevalent there.

In post PO world we are likely to see drastic collapse of life standards around the world.
This will also lead to spread of no future mindset, especially between Western and other wealthy nations.
I am not implying, that we will all become alcoholics, albeit some nations like Sweeds or Finns will certainly follow that path, but I think that no future environment will breed all sort of reckless and selfdestructing behaviours lowering overall life expectancy.
Realising no future peoples will begin to lead a reckless life style with all consequences.
STD and fertility loss will also surely crop in...and much more will come.
There are no reasons at all, why First World and many parts of Third World should not follow Russian path facing energy decline driven hardship and societal collapse.

On the other hand remaining parts of Third World devoid of current assistance will quickly face disease, famine, war etc.

For all those reasons we are never going to exceed 9 or 10 billions of peoples (saving some thermonuclear technomiracle or something alike), but in all probabilities it will be much less than that.
13 billions projections are simply a joke.

Russian example is teaching us, that correction of population comes fast after loss of societal stability...so it will...
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