"The earlier concept of a universe made up of physical particles interacting according to fixed laws is no longer tenable. It is implicit in present findings that action rather than matter is basic. . . This is good news, for it is no longer appropriate to think of the universe as a gradually subsiding agitation of billiard balls. The universe, far from being a desert of inert particles, is a theatre of increasingly complex organization, a stage for development in which man has a definite place, without any upper limit to his evolution."
--Arthur M. Young
The Reflexive Universe
http://www.arthuryoung.com/Young's bio: BTW, Young is credited with developing the first viable helicopter. He wasn't a nitwit, nor was he an overly fuzzy thinker.
While at Princeton in 1921, Young quickly transferred his major from astronomy to mathematics, studying under Oswald Veblen (nephew of Thorstein, and one of the outstanding mathematicians of the day). Young contrived to exhaust all the available math courses in his Junior year. At his request, a special course in relativity was created and taught by Veblen. Young was the only student. He felt unsure as to what he wanted to do and even thought of dropping out to become a painter. Veblen persuaded him to continue and Young graduated from Princeton in 1927, the year Lindberg flew the Atlantic.
In his final year at Princeton, Young decided to devote himself to philosophy and devise a comprehensive theory of the universe. His first attempt, like relativity, sought to capture reality in a formal system. But the enigma of time, especially as exemplified in logical paradoxes, induced him to change the theory from one of structure to process, which would give special treatment to time. Unable to elaborate on what constituted "process" in his theory, he decided to pursue a more tangible goal in which the answers could be tested.
Late in 1928 he travelled to Washington to investigate the files of the Patent Office to see what progress had been made with the various possibilities he had in mind -- sound on wire, TV, color and 3-D film were some of them. He finally decided to work on the problem of the helicopter, which at that time had a long history of failure and clearly needed a solution. Helped by his boyhood experience of making model sailboats, he began his work by making model helicopters. This self-imposed task would absorb him for almost nineteen years, twelve of them on his own and thc last seven with Bell Aircraft Corporation.
By 1940 Young had, using models, discovered how to provide stability, through the use of a stabilizing bar. He then set about showing his machine to potential backers. On November 2, 1941 he assigned his patents to Bell Aircraft with an agreement to work with the company until the prototype was complete. Five years later, on March 8, 1946, Young's helicopter, the Bell Model 47, was awarded the world's first commercial helicopter license. The machine incorporated many essential Young patents: among them the stabilizer bar, skids and familiar bubble. In 1984, Young's helicopter, the Bell-47, "an object whose delicate beauty is inseparable from its efficiency," was placed on exhibit as part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
http://www.arthuryoung.com/about.html