by kublikhan » Mon 15 Apr 2013, 15:52:21
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dinopello', 'G')ood example of Jevon's Paradox. Gathering nuts and chasing wild boars for food is very innefficient but keeps the population in check because of its innefficiency which limits the impact on the habitat. The more "efficient" we get out of exploiting the enironment for human needs the more the population increases and the more impact the collective activities of humans will have.
Jevons Paradox really only applies when a new disruptive technology is applied. Ex: Agricultural revolution, steam engine, electric motor, etc. It does not apply to incremental improvements to efficiency in mature technologies like increased insulation, better fuel mileage, fluorescent replacing incandescent, etc. So unless we are talking about unleashing so new disruptive technology, such as fusion, efficiency improvements are still something we should strive for to reduce consumption.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'S')imilarly, the empirical evidence for the postulate is indirect, suggestive and ambiguous. Since a number of flaws have been found with both the theoretical and empirical evidence, the K-B ‘hypothesis’ cannot be considered to have been verified.
There is no a priori reason to believe that ‘backfire’ is an inevitable outcome in all cases.
The K-B postulate seems more likely to hold for improvements associated with pervasive ‘general purpose technologies’, particularly when these are adopted by producers rather than final consumers and when the improvements occur at an early stage of development and diffusion. Steam engines provide a good illustration from the 19th-century, while electric motors provide a comparable illustration from the early 20th century.
In contrast, the K-B postulate seems less likely to hold for dedicated energy efficiency technologies such as thermal insulation, particularly when these are used by consumers or when they play a subsidiary role in economic production. These technologies have smaller effects on productivity and economic growth, with the result that economy-wide energy consumption is likely to be reduced.
Many energy efficiency opportunities are highly cost effective and will remain so even when rebound effects are allowed for.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'C')FLs have made a major dent in the overall lighting market in the U.S., replacing about one in four incandescent lamp sales in just a decade’s time. Importantly, this has been accompanied by no visible change in the overall number of light bulbs sold or illumination desired by their users. By both of these measures (sockets and lumens), the speculative rebound-effect of consumer behavior is invalidated by the facts. And other well-demonstrated strategies for improving lighting systems – e.g., dimming coupled with controls for daylight harvesting – actually reduce light levels by better tailoring light output to what is needed by users and not otherwise provided by daylight.