Tyler_JC, you are forgetting the money multiplier thanks to the existance of banks. Last I heard, the current multiplier was 52, which meant that every physical dollar was spent 52 times a year. As such, a $12 trillion economy would only require $211 billion in gold.
I recently heard a lecture on the economics of Somalia which existed without any government for a decade or so. When the state collapsed, there was no longer anyone to track down and arrest counterfitters. As a result, a rash of counterfiting broke out and the inflation rate shot up. However, the people were accustomed to using the Somali shilling and kept accepting it, just at higher prices. However, merchants refused to accept larger denominations than existed at the time of collapse, as there was no government to make them, and since it costs money to import paper and ink to print new bills, the system became basically a commodity currency as each bill is absolutely worth the paper its printed on. Once it devalued to about 4 cents per note, what it costs to produce them, the counterfitters quit counterfitting, and now the inflation rate is about zero. As notes wear out, deflation sets in, until someone claims the penny or so of seniorage to produce new notes (costs 4 cents to produce notes worth 5 cents) until the money supply is restabilized (costs 4 cents to produce notes worth 4 cents).
This works fine for small transactions, and as a unit of measure for bank accounts and electronic transactions, but for large transactions the locals use dollars.





