by mmasters » Tue 05 Feb 2008, 22:32:12
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Twilight', 'd')orlomin,
read this on SIVs.Think of commercial paper as a rotating credit facility. A bank creates a SIV which it can keep off its balance sheet. The SIV issues commercial paper, which basically acts like very short-term bonds. It may ask investors for $1m, promising the money back in 90 days with a low percentage profit. The maximum allowed is 270 days. At the end of that period, the money and yield must be returned to the buyer, the SIV has hopefully generated a profit for its parent bank, and it is ready to issue a fresh batch of paper to meet its next funding requirements. It is expected that this credit facility will be rotated by the same buyers instantly reinvesting in new paper. That is the whole point, it is supposed to be a cheap source of funding.
This paper is bought by other entities interested in low risk steady income. The bank uses the money raised to purchase much longer term higher interest bonds, such as those derived from mortgages. Their maturity dates are measured in years. The idea is to borrow short and lend long and make a profit on the difference in rates. However, this has to run in the SIV's favour indefinitely, otherwise it can be fatal.
The problem is a lot of this paper is due this month, and no-one wants to buy any more. The SIVs are in a position where no-one will buy their paper, the mortgage paper they bought is worth a lot less than they paid for it, some may even be close to default, its insurance is worthless, and everyone knows it. They are going to have a hole. Making everyone good can cost the parent bank billions of dollars which it would have to raise by selling more liquid assets. There can be an impact on stock, commodity and currency markets when several large players have to do this.
I hope that is a good enough explanation from one layman to another.

This mess has been quite the education. I wish I had known to take a class or two in this earlier.
As I've understood it banks unload various fixed income products off their balance sheet into a shell company (the SIV). Inside the shell company they pool large quantities of these products together into bonds which are then sold off as CDs to the general public.
The money generated from selling these CDs is then invested into slightly higher paying fixed income products. Issue is there's all kinds of flakey products that have been dumped into the SIV and it's a black box to the investor.
For instance, NINJA mortgages (that is a no interest mortgage given to a person with no job and no assets). So when the economy sucks and this person can't pay their mortgage then the CD payout rate falls.
Another example is credit card debts which can be removed off the balance sheet and into a SIV, packaged en mass into bonds and sold as a CD. People can't pay those CC bills the CD payout rate falls.
Furthermore, practically anything that requires a monthly payment can be packaged into a bond and sold as a CD and done so discreetly through a SIV. And as we know it the general public is up to their eyeballs in payment plans.
So now people are realizing there's a lot of potential junk out there in money market products with SIV exposure. As a result the SIV scheme has in a number of cases gone into crisis and the fed has had to jump in as an emergency customer. Now there's a plan out there I don't know what came of it but anyway the idea was to merge all the SIVs out there into one SUPER SIV. That way the SIV problems can be dealt with more easily. (i.e. it's easier to prop up one SIV than 120)
In any case it's become a ridiculous pyramid scheme that now requires an mammoth coordinated effort by the fed, wall street, the media and the banks to keep functioning. It's like a patient in the hospital that should have died 5 years ago and is being kept alive by 100 machines and 30 full time employees. I don't think that analogy is a stretch either. There is absolutely no question they will crash this beast and institute a new system as there are no other options long term.