by tsakach » Fri 29 Jun 2007, 17:18:08
The Pacheco hydrogen generator relies on "sacrificial" anodes of aluminum and magnesium that are consumed in the process of generating hydrogen and electricity.
Pacheco's US patent describes the hydrogen generator as being able to recover 30% of the electricity used in the industrial processes that produce magnesium and aluminum anodes[sup]1[/sup].
Researchers at Purdue university have developed a similar process that generates hydrogen from an aluminum alloy:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'R')esearchers have shown how hydrogen is produced when water is added to a small tank containing pellets of an alloy made of aluminum and gallium.[sup]2[/sup]
"Gallium is critical because it melts at low temperature and readily dissolves aluminum, and it renders the aluminum in the solid pellets reactive with water. This was a totally surprising discovery, since it is well known that pure solid aluminum does not readily react with water."
"Most people don't realize how energy intensive aluminum is," Woodall said. "For every pound of aluminum you get more than two kilowatt hours of energy in the form of hydrogen combustion and more than two kilowatt hours of heat from the reaction of aluminum with water. A midsize car with a full tank of aluminum-gallium pellets, which amounts to about 350 pounds of aluminum, could take a 350-mile trip and it would cost $60, assuming the alumina is converted back to aluminum.
The cost of aluminum could be reduced by recycling it from the alumina using a process called fused salt electrolysis. The aluminum could be produced at competitive prices if the recycling process were carried out with electricity generated by a nuclear power plant or windmills.
The world-wide average specific energy consumption is approximately 15±0.5 kilowatt-hours per kilogram of aluminium produced from alumina. (52 to 56 MJ/kg). The most modern smelters reach approximately 12.8 kW·h/kg (46.1 MJ/kg).[sup]3[/sup]
Some basic energy calcs for this process: 1 lb of aluminum/gallium alloy produces 2 kW-h hydrogen but requires 5.8 kW-h to convert from alumina. The process is at best 34% efficient, so once again, another inefficient energy storage solution.
References:
1.
Bi-Polar Auto Electrolytic Hydrogen Generator, US patent number 5,089,107
2.
New process generates hydrogen from aluminum alloy to run engines, fuel cells
3.
Wikipedia: Aluminum