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The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Discussions about the economic and financial ramifications of PEAK OIL

Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby mmasters » Wed 09 Aug 2006, 12:17:52

Surely you don't think the government along with many US companies are funding black market trade for which the profits are converted into US treasuries?
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby shakespear1 » Wed 09 Aug 2006, 12:40:54

That is impossible :)
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby MrBill » Thu 10 Aug 2006, 05:49:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('mmasters', 'S')urely you don't think the government along with many US companies are funding black market trade for which the profits are converted into US treasuries?


That the N.Korean government is involved in drug trafficking and counterfeiting is a fact.

That US dollars from drug trading are laundered through legitimate banking channels is also a fact.

No, I do not think the US government supports this behavior officially as the Patriot Act and other US regulatory measures are designed to identify profits from illegal activities and money laundering as a means of fighting terrorism.

Are they effective? That is another post for another day.

Mostly, I just wanted to make a post to show how easy it is to build a credible story, like narcorecycling, around a few facts, but just because the overall story sounds vaguely plausible does not mean it is true or widespread in practice.

On the otherhand, you might argue that developing countries that turn a blind eye to theft and piracy of intellectual property, and the producing and selling of fake or counterfeit goods, exacerbates the US' current account deficit as the US (and other developed countries) can then sell fewer exports to help close the trade deficit.

That China may benefit from these illegal activities, in the form of higher economic output, and then recycle those export receipts back into US treasuries, is really no different than narcorecycling or printing fake US dollar bills. It is just the degree of the crime, who benefits and how widespread it is officially tolerated.
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby Petrodollar » Thu 10 Aug 2006, 12:02:08

MrBill stated:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') think 2007 is too soon to speak of these type of changes. Or at least I have seen no sign that these changes are being implemented on the ground where they count the most?


I would have agreed a year ago, but given that Putin et al successfuly transitioned the ruble to a convertible currency on July 1, 2006 (six-months ahead a schedule), and all the talk from the finance ministers and upper echelons of Russia's political class about the need to enhance the ruble's position in international trade - and concurrent goal of removing the "unstable" dollar from Russian commerce - it appears that 2007 is indeed the target date for full-blown ruble trades.

Only time will tell, but given what has happend in the first half of 2006, I think they might actually succeed with their 2007 milestones.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '[')b]RTS bourse to launch domestic oil futures at start of 2007
18:13 | 22/ 05/ 2006

MOSCOW, May 22 (RIA Novosti) - The RTS, Russia's leading stock market, will begin trading ruble-denominated futures for the domestic price of oil and oil products from 2007, RTS Vice President Roman Goryunov said Friday.

The RTS had previously announced it would begin trading futures contracts for the export price of oil.

RTS President Oleg Safonov said RTS had signed an agreement with Platts, a leading international provider of energy information, on providing price data on which oil futures trading would be based.

"Later on we will be able to launch trade and delivery contracts," Safonov said.

The ruble-denominated futures will have a settlement period of one month, and a minimum security guarantee on any contract of 10% of its overall value.



Of course trade volume will initially be low, but if I read this and other articles correctly, from 2007 onwards RTS would create by de facto a real petroruble as oil importing nations (EU and to a lessor degree China) that buy oil and gas from Russia will have to acquire rubles and use it as them as a "petro reserve" currency for the transactions.

This raises the question of the Ural's oil pricing option: dollar-based (Brent) vs. euro-based (proposed Persian Gulf Blend via the IOB). From a macro perspective, I wonder if Russia will transition in 2007 from using a discounted Brent price re Ural's pricing to a discounted price based on the proposed euro-based Persian Gulf Blend. Given that 66% or more of the oil goes to the EU, the later would certainly make sense from a monetary and trade perspective...not to mention Russia's increased nationalistic tendencies and the fact that the dollar's depreciation has an adverse impact on Russia's purchasing power relative to their main trade partner - the eurozone. China would also likely be quite content in reducing their enormous dollar/petrodollar holdings...

Only time will tell...but it appears that if Russia and Iran are even mildly successful in their oil trading platforms, the international oil market will look profoundly different by mid-2007, with a potential basket of three currencies for oil trades - not to mention the mounting evidence of a possible plateau in global oil production...and all the associated economic and geopolitical issues that flow from such developments...
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 11 Aug 2006, 04:10:07

Two points.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I') would have agreed a year ago, but given that Putin et al successfuly transitioned the ruble to a convertible currency on July 1, 2006 (six-months ahead a schedule), and all the talk from the finance ministers and upper echelons of Russia's political class about the need to enhance the ruble's position in international trade - and concurrent goal of removing the "unstable" dollar from Russian commerce - it appears that 2007 is indeed the target date for full-blown ruble trades.


You still cannot freely buy rubles against dollars or euros or hold a ruble bank account in a custodian bank outside of Russia. You can execute trades on the MICEX, but there is no offshore interbank trading market in London or NYC for example. Forward ruble trading is still done through futures or through the NDF market. So freely convertable it is not (yet).

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'C')hina would also likely be quite content in reducing their enormous dollar/petrodollar holdings...


China does not have petrodollar holdings. They are a net importer of oil from the ME, not an exporter. China has a trade and current account surplus. They are not the same thing. China reduces its holdings of dollar denominated foreign exchange reserves WHEN it buys crude imports denominated in dollars. The Chinese INCREASE their dollar holdings when they sell yuan/buy dollars to sterilize foreign exchange inflows stemming from exports to the USA.

Please stop calling all current account surpluses petrodollars. They are clearly not.

If China wants to reduce its dollar holdings all they have to do is let the yuan appreciate against the dollar and buy fewer US treasuries as a result. Of course, that would probably boost US exports, and some Chinese exports to the USA would be displaced by imports to the USA from Bangledesh, Cambodia, Vietnam and Mexico in low priced textiles and assembled goods for re-export. It may do little overall to close the US trade and current deficit as the US tends to import goods that it no longer produces itself. So imports have to come from China or some other third country in any case.

For more on China, trade patterns, central bank reserves and the US' current account deficit, I would urge you to read Brad Setser.

Thanks. Have a nice weekend. Cheers.
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby Scactha » Fri 11 Aug 2006, 12:14:51

I wish I had Professors as skilled at illuminating complex issues like this. Thanks again for taking the time to explain in laymans terms MrBill and MOCKBA.

In the view of my skills as an historian I am fascinated of the obvius power struggle. I belive that in hindsight will my future collegues consider this period a shifting of weapons from very overt military and ideology posturing to economical warfare.
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 11 Aug 2006, 13:01:50

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Scactha', 'I') wish I had Professors as skilled at illuminating complex issues like this. Thanks again for taking the time to explain in laymans terms MrBill and MOCKBA.

In the view of my skills as an historian I am fascinated of the obvius power struggle. I belive that in hindsight will my future collegues consider this period a shifting of weapons from very overt military and ideology posturing to economical warfare.


As an historian, you know no one knows the real answers to future problems, it is all about probabilities, and history turning on a dime based on single events or individual personalities that change the outcome of events. We can all learn from history, but we must not be slave to it. Thanks for your inputs here and in other forums. Cheers.
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby Petrodollar » Mon 14 Aug 2006, 10:09:45

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'C')hina does not have petrodollar holdings.


Well, yes, and techincally they have hundreds of billlions in US T-bills holdings - not petrodollar holdings. However, we all know that an increasingly large portion of these holdings are often recycled and used to purchase oil imports given the dollar's transaction role in petroleum sales (i.e. transaction role in all of OPEC's oil exports except for Iran, who accepts euro payments).

China learned last year that it can not actually buy valuable US assets (i.e. Unocal), and like the rest of world, holds onto US Treasuries as "liquid investments," of which hundreds of billions are used to purchase imported oil. Indeed, China is trying to build a strategic petroleum reserve as fast as possible, which {will - edited for clarity } require an awful lot of petrodollars.

China's 1st strategic oil reserve to begin operation in Oct
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006- ... 941947.htm

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'P')lease stop calling all current account surpluses petrodollars. They are clearly not.


I never said that, and I'm not sure how you derived that opinion.

Anyhow, I should mention that a strong correlation has existed over the past 30 years (going back to the oil price shocks of 1973-1974 and again in 1979-1980) between high oil prices and foreign purchases of dollar-denominated debt instruments (i.e. typically T-Bills). This effect has been discussed by the US Treasury Dept in a 2006 report on petrodollars, and international investment analyst Jephraim P. Gundzik also noted this important macroeconomic phenomenon in the Asia Times earlier this year,

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')s of mid-2005, foreign investors, including foreign central banks, held an estimated $6.6 trillion worth of US bonds and equities, up from less than $4 trillion in mid-2002. About 60% of this money is parked in long-term US Treasury, agency and corporate bonds. The rapid and sustained increase of international oil prices is the main factor behind the growth in foreign holdings of US securities and the external supply of dollars used to purchase these securities.


To that I will only add that the international demand/liquidity value for dollars due to its petrocurrency status is illustrated by the huge increase in the price of oil from 2002 to 2005 — and a commensurate increase in dollar holdings (i.e. often T-Bills) by foreign banks — despite the Federal Reserve’s abnormally low interest rates during most of this time period (the Fed began to inch up the abnormally low overnight interest rates in June 2004 - certianly not enough to attract that $2.6 trillion in new US debt...)

Thus it was huge demand for petrodollars due to high oil prices - and certainly not high interest rates - that allowed the Federal Reserve to dramatically expand the US's credit supply by a couple trillion dollars during recent years. This trend continues unabated within OPEC (except for Iran). I hope that info helps explain some of the implications regarding alternative oil transaction currencies...
Last edited by Petrodollar on Mon 14 Aug 2006, 15:08:28, edited 3 times in total.
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Re: The Petrodollar and Post Peak Oil

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 14 Aug 2006, 10:24:00

I would argue that the FED and the BOJ flooding the world with excess dollars and yen contributed a great deal to a run-up in prices in base metals, commodities and petroleum prices; that China has kept the yuan artificially undervalued relative to the dolllar to stimulate exports to keep the Chinese economy growing quickly without overly stoking domestic inflation; and that China could stop buying so many US treasuries, if the yuan was allowed to appreciate.

Why so many petrodollars still find themselves invested in US assets I am not sure, although a weaker dollar and higher interest rates now, do seem to lend support to the dollar versus the euro or yen alternatives. The GBP has also benefited, appreciating quite markedly against the dollar since 2001, less so against the euro where it has been much more stable.

By the way, this article addresses EUR/USD exchange rates on US trade deficits as well as shows how many Chinese imports the EU is taking in, I assume due to a strong euro against the yuan as well.

the euro/ dollar does matter

I am unaware that China has actually started to fill their SPRs. The article refers to building the storage tanks, not filling them.

I have read no industry reports to this effect. I have seen no physical flows, like a jump in imports month on month, so show that Chinese imports are high enough to accomodate reserve accumulation. I do know that Chinese importers/refiners are losing money on every barrel of oil imported as domestic prices are still subsidized. I will post those links later. Right now, I have to run. Cheers.

Looking for the actual links]
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '"')Chinese petrochemical companies'
refining losses doubled in the first half of this year
as record oil prices eroded earnings from processing crude.
Refiners lost a combined 43.9 billion yuan ($5.5 billion) in the first six months, 109 percent more than a year earlier, the Beijing-based China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association said in a statement on its Web site today.
China's government, which controls fuel prices to limit their impact on inflation, authorized an increase in May to help refiners cut losses. Prices for gasoline, diesel and jet fuel rose more than 10 percent. That's less than the 22 percent gain in New York oil prices so far this year.
``The government's fuel price increases are not enough to cover losses at refiners because of surging international oil prices,'' the industry association said in the statement. ``More companies recorded losses in the first half than a year ago.''"

Source: bloomberg, august 11, 2006
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