Donate Bitcoin

Donate Paypal


PeakOil is You

PeakOil is You

THE Africa Thread (merged)

What's on your mind?
General interest discussions, not necessarily related to depletion.

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby lorenzo » Fri 10 Mar 2006, 08:15:50

There are many similations out there, but most seem to agree on the following:

-Southern Africa (Angola, South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe) will become drier and drier
-Central Africa (DRCongo, RCongo, Central African Republic, Gabon, Cameroon) will become wetter
-Central East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, Ethiopia) will gain most in rainfall
-The Sahel and the Senegal basin (Southern Sudan, Chad, Niger, Senegal) will gain too
-North Africa and West Africa (with Nigeria) will lose and become drier

The good news is that the Sahel will see a serious increase in rainfall, by up to 15% (some simulations show even 30%). Given that this is a sparsely populated area and a really vast one, it will make up in food production capacity for what's going to be lost in Southern Africa.

(Mods, I hope the following map doesn't take too much bandwith):

Image


A Continent Split by Climate Change:
New Study Projects Stronger Drought in Southern Africa, More Rain in Sahel

http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2005/hurrell.shtml
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '
')A different process appears to shape rainfall in the Sahel. When sea-surface temperatures are warmer in the South Atlantic than in the North, it pulls the Sahelian monsoon cycle south as well, depriving the region of its usual rains.

"This was the situation during much of the latter half of the 20th century," says Hurrell. "We believe the North Atlantic Ocean cooling was natural and masked an expected greenhouse-gas warming effect."

Since 1990, the sea-surface temperature pattern has reversed, warming more rapidly in the North Atlantic than in the South. The models examined by Hurrell and Hoerling show this trend intensifying in future decades. They project that the Sahel monsoon will be some 20% to 30% wetter by 2049 compared to the 1950-99 average.
User avatar
lorenzo
Intermediate Crude
Intermediate Crude
 
Posts: 2184
Joined: Sat 01 Jan 2005, 04:00:00

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby backstop » Fri 10 Mar 2006, 08:33:38

Three points worth noting -

1/. The map above is from the more optimstic end of the several studies published of African Rains projections,

2/. Even a 10% drop can end subsistence farming if it cuts the vital wet-season rains in particular,

3/. These are necessarily average reductions, which of course cannot show the increased impact of extreme events around the average.


In sum, what we're looking at is a map of the growing genocide due primarily to wealthy nations' pollution.

Those who want to do something about it may be interested by :

www.gci.org.uk


regards,

Backstop
"The best of conservation . . . is written not with a pen but with an axe."
(from "A Sand County Almanac" by Aldo Leopold, 1948.
backstop
Heavy Crude
Heavy Crude
 
Posts: 1463
Joined: Tue 24 Aug 2004, 03:00:00
Location: Varies

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby Zardoz » Fri 10 Mar 2006, 12:15:06

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('lorenzo', 'T')here are many similations out there, but most seem to agree on the following:

-Central East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, Ethiopia) will gain most in rainfall.


I'm sure the people in the CNN story will be glad to hear that. Let's hope they live long enough to see all that abundant rainfall, when it finally shows up.

"...I am in my native Kenya, where a fourth season without rain..."
User avatar
Zardoz
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 6323
Joined: Fri 02 Dec 2005, 04:00:00
Location: Oil-addicted Southern Californucopia

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby Starvid » Sat 11 Mar 2006, 14:29:02

The Sahel region will get more rain due to a phenomenon known as "global dimming". This is the emission of particulates to the atmosphere. As particulate emissions have fallen in Europe as the environment has become cleaner and global dimming goes away, the rains will return to Sahel.

Ironically, global dimming also works in the opposite direction of global warming. When less particulates are emitted the rise in temperatures accelerate. That's clean coal for ya. :wink:
Peak oil is not an energy crisis. It is a liquid fuel crisis.
User avatar
Starvid
Intermediate Crude
Intermediate Crude
 
Posts: 3021
Joined: Sun 20 Feb 2005, 04:00:00
Location: Uppsala, Sweden

African tears

Unread postby erl » Mon 13 Mar 2006, 14:45:42

I wasn't sure on which forum to post this, but I found it profoundly disturbing and sad. So much so, that I am going to stop posting and make this my last thread for a while. I have too much else to do.

Make sure to read the letters from Cathy on the left side of the page.

All of you take care.


Africantears
erl
Tar Sands
Tar Sands
 
Posts: 580
Joined: Mon 21 Mar 2005, 04:00:00

Re: African tears

Unread postby PolestaR » Mon 13 Mar 2006, 20:24:59

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('erl', 'I') wasn't sure on which forum to post this, but I found it profoundly disturbing and sad. So much so, that I am going to stop posting and make this my last thread for a while. I have too much else to do.

Make sure to read the letters from Cathy on the left side of the page.

All of you take care.


Africantears


Boohoo, some more people die in this world. There is nothing wrong with that. Drought and starvation mostly affect over populated areas indicating that maybe this is a natural process we shouldn't interfere with. Show me another person who gives their $30 a month to Africa and thinks that's about all they need to do to offload their guilt. All of us westerners are selfish to the bone whether you like it or not, whether you donate 10% of your salary to charities or not.

People who get all upset about this sort of stuff are probably going to LOVE whats going to be happening to them soon when energy shortages really hit home. I'll be sitting there with my KA-BAR taking advantage of it.
PolestaR
Tar Sands
Tar Sands
 
Posts: 955
Joined: Tue 21 Jun 2005, 03:00:00

Re: African tears

Unread postby Chocky » Mon 13 Mar 2006, 20:48:19

Cathy must be amazingly stupid. All the Rhodesians I know left by the early-late 90's, and they were cutting it pretty fine.

Why can't she get it into her thick head that Zimbabwe is a completely unviable place for a white person to live?
User avatar
Chocky
Coal
Coal
 
Posts: 485
Joined: Wed 20 Oct 2004, 03:00:00
Location: The Land of Do-As-You-Please

Re: African tears

Unread postby Laurasia » Mon 13 Mar 2006, 22:54:30

I started reading Cathy's stuff for the first time last night, after following a link on Powerswitch. I found it moving as well, but also fascinating regarding the description of Hyperinflation. Quoting prices in the millions of Zim. dollars for basic stuff like a loaf of bread - it's so reminiscient of descriptions I've read of Germany after the Great War. I mean, this was a description of one potential future being experienced right now. Apparently the food thieves come in the night to steal veggies from the plots of those who can still grow food.

Reading some of her letters has helped provide a sort of proof for me that things can actually get THAT BAD, since I tend to waver at times, and to hope irrationally that things will be okay.

Regards,

L.
User avatar
Laurasia
Tar Sands
Tar Sands
 
Posts: 544
Joined: Sat 10 Jul 2004, 03:00:00
Location: Toughing it out in suburbia

Re: African tears

Unread postby Magus » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 06:42:46

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('PolestaR', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('erl', 'I') wasn't sure on which forum to post this, but I found it profoundly disturbing and sad. So much so, that I am going to stop posting and make this my last thread for a while. I have too much else to do.

Make sure to read the letters from Cathy on the left side of the page.

All of you take care.


Africantears


Boohoo, some more people die in this world. There is nothing wrong with that. Drought and starvation mostly affect over populated areas indicating that maybe this is a natural process we shouldn't interfere with. Show me another person who gives their $30 a month to Africa and thinks that's about all they need to do to offload their guilt. All of us westerners are selfish to the bone whether you like it or not, whether you donate 10% of your salary to charities or not.

People who get all upset about this sort of stuff are probably going to LOVE whats going to be happening to them soon when energy shortages really hit home. I'll be sitting there with my KA-BAR taking advantage of it.


And I'll be sitting there with my Springfield XD-9 shooting people like you. [smilie=angry4.gif] [smilie=new_2gunsfiring_v1.gif] Would that be another example of a natural process, not to be interfered with?

Not in my book.

You show a distinct lack of empathy that I find...disturbing, and I find your assessment of human character equally so.

Somehow, your comments succeeded in being both arrogant and depraved at the same time. All of us westerners are selfish? Speak for yourself, pal. You say that those who donate 10% of their salary are "selfish to the bone"? I would really like to get a better understanding of what you consider to be "selfish."


So...is there some magical arbitrary amount of one's funds that need to be donated before the charity is not merely selfish guilt offloading, but selfless compassion?

No, just continue to make excuses about why you refuse to help those who need aid the most. Hey, obviously their prediciment is their own doing, and besides, if they're going to die, they better do it now sooner rather than later, and decrease the surplus population!

Do you now see how bankrupt your post above is? Don't presume to apply your own moral depravity to all around you...fool. [smilie=new_vampv.gif]


(I'm sorry, mods, if this post is found to be inappropriate, go ahead and delete it, but I simply couldn't let this stand unanswered.)

That's all I have to say on the matter, I sleep now. [smilie=sleepy2.gif]
User avatar
Magus
Lignite
Lignite
 
Posts: 265
Joined: Sat 18 Feb 2006, 04:00:00
Location: Earth
Top

Re: African tears

Unread postby Chocky » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 07:25:21

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')ey, obviously their prediciment is their own doing


Well who do you blame? Do you know of a good alternative explanation as to why almost every African country, including ones that were never colonised, is a shitty mess?
User avatar
Chocky
Coal
Coal
 
Posts: 485
Joined: Wed 20 Oct 2004, 03:00:00
Location: The Land of Do-As-You-Please
Top

Re: African tears

Unread postby PolestaR » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 07:43:02

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Magus', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('PolestaR', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('erl', 'I') wasn't sure on which forum to post this, but I found it profoundly disturbing and sad. So much so, that I am going to stop posting and make this my last thread for a while. I have too much else to do.

Make sure to read the letters from Cathy on the left side of the page.

All of you take care.


Africantears


Boohoo, some more people die in this world. There is nothing wrong with that. Drought and starvation mostly affect over populated areas indicating that maybe this is a natural process we shouldn't interfere with. Show me another person who gives their $30 a month to Africa and thinks that's about all they need to do to offload their guilt. All of us westerners are selfish to the bone whether you like it or not, whether you donate 10% of your salary to charities or not.

People who get all upset about this sort of stuff are probably going to LOVE whats going to be happening to them soon when energy shortages really hit home. I'll be sitting there with my KA-BAR taking advantage of it.


And I'll be sitting there with my Springfield XD-9 shooting people like you. [smilie=angry4.gif] [smilie=new_2gunsfiring_v1.gif] Would that be another example of a natural process, not to be interfered with?

Not in my book.

You show a distinct lack of empathy that I find...disturbing, and I find your assessment of human character equally so.

Somehow, your comments succeeded in being both arrogant and depraved at the same time. All of us westerners are selfish? Speak for yourself, pal. You say that those who donate 10% of their salary are "selfish to the bone"? I would really like to get a better understanding of what you consider to be "selfish."


So...is there some magical arbitrary amount of one's funds that need to be donated before the charity is not merely selfish guilt offloading, but selfless compassion?

No, just continue to make excuses about why you refuse to help those who need aid the most. Hey, obviously their prediciment is their own doing, and besides, if they're going to die, they better do it now sooner rather than later, and decrease the surplus population!

Do you now see how bankrupt your post above is? Don't presume to apply your own moral depravity to all around you...fool. [smilie=new_vampv.gif]


(I'm sorry, mods, if this post is found to be inappropriate, go ahead and delete it, but I simply couldn't let this stand unanswered.)

That's all I have to say on the matter, I sleep now. [smilie=sleepy2.gif]


What is selfish? It's quite opinionated really, some might say your survival is selfish and it's true in a sense, I take it you don't want to die? Alright someone of your class needs facts, hmm, facts...if you have more of X than person Y you are more selfish than them. That doesn't mean person Y isn't selfish, because to lose selfishness means you will lose life, life is selfish.

Just because you can't handle the fact someone labelled you selfish in a collective fashion doesn't mean you aren't selfish in someone's mind. Stop thinking you know what is absolute RIGHT or WRONG, because you don't.

I don't care about your death, I don't know you. You dying doesn't affect me. Some kid in Africa dying doesn't affect me. Why don't you keep taking your oestrogen so you can empathize pointlessly about things you will never be able to control, stop OR that affect you. Suicide stops the pain, try it.

I think you need to go back to caring how much your neighbours think of you. Don't put the money into the charity collectors tin unless Bob from next door notices you do it, pointless otherwise. They might call you selfish and you might have to bust a vein explaining how righteous your praise jesus ways are.
Bringing sexy back..... to doom
PolestaR
Tar Sands
Tar Sands
 
Posts: 955
Joined: Tue 21 Jun 2005, 03:00:00
Top

Re: African tears

Unread postby scw86 » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 08:34:40

I do empathize with those on the continent of Africa for the situation has much to do with the vastly higher standard of living that many of us in the West take for granted. Here is an interesting thread on wikipedia and there appears to only be two countries across the entire continent of Africa that were not colonized by the western Europeans.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa

So to blame their poverty on race seems a very naive view and this does not even mention the many other economic policies that keep the continent of Africa in poverty such as the practices of the IMF and World Bank by intentionally lending to corrupt governments and linking these loans to unfair trade agreements with the West has lead to enslavement by debt.

That said the ones in powered are the ones perpetuating these inequalities as we are all selfish as another poster stated. The more I look at the world the more I realize how right Nietzsche was.

In Nietzsche’s world we are all in competition for resources given that we all want to live and living requires resources. When there is an abundance of the resources that we need to survive the competition gets less violent. The desire for an easier and more enjoyable way to survive (greed), requires more resources to obtain and as a result fuels inequality. However when the abundance of resources recede to scarcity, many more will die via war and starvation over these resources as the simple ability to survive becomes harder and harder. If the above proves to be the reality that we all face today than much of the world will change as the abundant times recede and competition increases.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche
User avatar
scw86
Wood
Wood
 
Posts: 27
Joined: Sat 02 Jul 2005, 03:00:00

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby grabby » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 09:25:59

That seems to be the case, burning low sulfer oil and taking the sulfer out of the coal plants, causes temp chagne

We need to make bumper stickers saying:

BACK TO DIRTY COAL"

or

"WE WANT ACID RAIN"

That almost sounds weird.

The moving of the Typhoon hurricanes vastly to the North for some years and then to the south in other years could be called
"Global Blinking"
User avatar
grabby
Heavy Crude
Heavy Crude
 
Posts: 1291
Joined: Tue 08 Nov 2005, 04:00:00

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby Eddie_lomax » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 10:01:26

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('FireJack', 'I') imagine that as oil production declines the amount of coal burned and trees cut down will increase. Unless there is some massive population die off for whatever reason I imagine the rapid depletion of natural resouces will force those who survive to live in a world where you take nothing for granted. People can survive in the desert though, so we will probably carry on in some form in the end.


I would agree increased coal and wood burning will happen in countries that have those resources and lose their oil access, but looking at the example of Zimbabwe they actually seem to be reducing their industrial output etc through lack of oil. One example that really struck me was that factory (sugar refining from memory?), they had the sugar produced in the fields, the coal being mined, but without the deisel to get the coal to the power station or the sugar to the factory nothing happened.

The optimistic bit of me is hoping here that problem will be repeated around the world more often.
Eddie_lomax
Peat
Peat
 
Posts: 185
Joined: Sun 04 Dec 2005, 04:00:00
Location: UK (Kent)
Top

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby skeptic » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 11:14:50

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('lorenzo', 'T')here are many similations out there, but most seem to agree on the following:

-Southern Africa (Angola, South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe) will become drier and drier


.... and dont underestimate the effect of govt. policy. Try the following

http://maps.google.com

drag on over to Africa.

Switch to hybrid view.

zoom in on the Zimbabwe - Mozambique border to scale 50 miles / 100KM scale or 8th rung up on the scale ladder.

Switch between Hybrid and Satellite view.Now compare what the land looks like on either side of the border. That's Bob Mugabe's insane handiwork visible from orbit. Policy induced desertification.
User avatar
skeptic
Peat
Peat
 
Posts: 168
Joined: Tue 20 Dec 2005, 04:00:00
Location: Costa Geriatrica
Top

Re: African tears

Unread postby Chocky » Wed 15 Mar 2006, 20:31:23

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 't')here appears to only be two countries across the entire continent of Africa that were not colonized by the western Europeans.


And the two that weren't are some of the worst of the lot. What does that tell you? In some ways, colonisation was beneficial for many countries, as it left them with first world infrastructure.
User avatar
Chocky
Coal
Coal
 
Posts: 485
Joined: Wed 20 Oct 2004, 03:00:00
Location: The Land of Do-As-You-Please
Top

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby Mesuge » Thu 16 Mar 2006, 10:27:00

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('coyote', 'I') think Africa will be only the first place to experience this desertification...


That's correct, for instance in Burkina Faso they expect to chop off the last tree in 10-15 years. Although it nowadays looks almost like that they haven't burned them all yet..

Desertification means complete environmental holocaust, small water cycle is killed, some water remains in deep reservoirs, which are usually depleted fast in a few years by excess irigation programs (exceptions apply like for some desert tribes)..

This is aboslutely pathetic, good solar cooking dish costs $200-300 per family, you can boil water, cook, can your own food etc.. If you look at the numbers you will realize that ten times this money has been stolen or mismanaged from foreign development help and debt servicing from WB/IMF robbers..

It could have been avoided easily, but it didn't happen..
Africa is basically the first mega enviro meltdown and die-off laboratory of our overshoot.. Comming to your livingroom on TV in just a few years..

So, what we need are millitary bases and corridors in Africa and elsewhere (not in ME) to guard some of the remaining patches of wildlife reservations and its genofond because these will go down for lunch as the people loose their food supply and imports wouldn't be enough..

The same applies for maritime wildlife, almost all eatable fishstock is either
already extinct or bellow minimum reproducing treshold!

Support SeaShepherd this is probably the only conservation society that means action - destroying
trowler nets, raming poacher's boats in wildlife parks..
And the best part it's all legal under the UN charter..

Gates, Alen, Google wiz kids or anybody upto this task of forming global
wildlife protection force? Nowadays you can as individual buy aircraft carriers, subs or whatever if you had the buck..

To sunk a Japanese, Norweigan or Ecuadorian navy fleet which harbors its domestic poachers would be a piece of cake or slam dunk?
:twisted:
DOOMerotron: at all-time high [8.3] out of 10..
User avatar
Mesuge
Heavy Crude
Heavy Crude
 
Posts: 1500
Joined: Tue 01 Nov 2005, 04:00:00
Location: Euro high horse bastard on the run
Top

Re: African tears

Unread postby Magus » Thu 16 Mar 2006, 16:38:55

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Chocky', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')ey, obviously their prediciment is their own doing


Well who do you blame? Do you know of a good alternative explanation as to why almost every African country, including ones that were never colonised, is a shitty mess?


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')nd the two that weren't are some of the worst of the lot. What does that tell you? In some ways, colonisation was beneficial for many countries, as it left them with first world infrastructure.


What folly. [smilie=angry3.gif]

You refer to the nations of Liberia and Ethiopia. There are very complex reasons for why these nations are having problems that you fail to recognize; and while they were never directly colonized by the west, the indirect effects of the exploitation and enslavement that was perpetrated was very real.

Liberia

A nation founded by American slaves returning to Africa to seeking a "Promised Land," the progeny of the so called "American Colonization Society."

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he ACS had its origins in 1816, when a Presbyterian minister, the Reverend Robert Finley, suggested at the inaugural meeting of an African Society that a colony be established in Africa to take free people of color, most of whom had been born free, away from the United States. Rev. Finley meant to colonize "(with their consent) the free people of color residing in our country, in Africa, or such other place as Congress may deem most expedient." The organization established branches throughout the United States. It was instrumental in the establishment of the colony of Liberia.

Beginning in the 1830s, the society was harshly attacked by abolitionists, who tried to discredit colonization as a slaveholders' scheme and the American Colonization Society as merely palliative propaganda for the continuation of slavery in the United States. The presidents of the ACS tended to be Southerners. The first president of the ACS was former U.S. President James Monroe of Virginia, for whom Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, was renamed. Statesman Henry Clay of Kentucky was ACS president from 1836 to 1849.

The ACS did not intend to purchase the freedom of American slaves and pay their passage to Liberia as is sometimes imagined. Emigration was offered to already-free black people. For many years the ACS tried to persuade the United States Congress to appropriate funds to send colonists to Liberia. Although Henry Clay led the campaign, it failed. The society did, however, succeed in its appeals to some state legislatures. In 1850, Virginia set aside $30,000 annually for five years to aid and support emigration. In its Thirty-Fourth Annual Report, the society acclaimed the news as "a great Moral demonstration of the propriety and necessity of state action!" During the 1850s, the society also received several thousand dollars from the New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and Maryland legislatures.

Jehudi Ashmun, an early leader of the American Colonization Society colony, envisioned an American empire in Africa. During 1825 and 1826, Ashmun took steps to lease, annex, or buy tribal lands along the coast and along major rivers leading inland. Like his predecessor Lt. Robert Stockton, who in 1821 established the site for Monrovia by "persuading" a local chief referred to as "King Peter" to sell Cape Montserado (or Mesurado) by pointing a pistol at his head, Ashmun was prepared to use force to extend the colony's territory. His aggressive actions quickly increased Liberia's power over its neighbors. In a treaty of May 1825 deposited by the ACS in the U.S. Library of Congress, King Peter and other native kings agreed to sell land in return for 500 bars of tobacco, three barrels of rum, five casks of powder, five umbrellas, ten iron posts, and ten pairs of shoes, among other items.


(wikipedia is a powerful tool, is it not?)

So...you can see that the foundations of Liberia were not exactly benign. It was basically a racist method of trying to sublimate complaints about slavery, prevent plantation revolts, protect white factory worker jobs and remove blacks from the United States.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')n July 26, 1847, the American settlers declared the independence of the Republic of Liberia. The settlers regarded the continent from which their forefathers had been taken as slaves as a "Promised Land", but they did not become reintegrated into an African society. Once in Africa, they still saw themselves as "Americans" and were recognized as such by local Africans and by British colonial authorities in neighboring Sierra Leone. The symbols of their state — its flag, motto, and seal — and the form of government that they chose reflected their American background and diaspora experience.

The religious practices, social customs and cultural standards of the Americo-Liberians had their roots in the antebellum American South. These ideals strongly coloured the attitudes of the settlers toward the indigenous African people. The new nation, as they perceived it, was coextensive with the settler community and with those Africans who were assimilated into it. Because of mutual mistrust and hostility between the "Americans" along the coast and the "Natives" of the interior, a recurrent theme in the country's subsequent history, therefore, was the usually successful attempt of the Americo-Liberian minority to dominate people whom they considered uncivilized and inferior. They named the land "Liberia," which in European languages, and in Latin in particular, means "Land of the Free".


The founding of Liberia was privately sponsored by American religious and philanthropic groups, but the colony enjoyed the support and unofficial cooperation of the United States government. Liberia’s government, modeled after that of the United States, was democratic in structure, if not always in substance. After 1877 the True Whig Party monopolized political power in the country, and competition for office was usually contained within the party, whose nomination virtually ensured election. Two problems confronting successive administrations were pressure from neighboring colonial powers, Britain and France, and the threat of financial insolvency, both of which challenged the country’s sovereignty. Liberia retained its independence during the Scramble for Africa, but lost its claim to extensive territories that were annexed by Britain and France. Economic development was retarded by the decline of markets for Liberian goods in the late nineteenth century and by indebtedness on a series of loans, payments on which drained the economy.

Many of the blacks that arrived in Liberia had completely lost their cultural roots and were thoroughly westernized. So it wouldn't have been much different if white westerners had come themselves (remember though that this was a method of ridding themselves of blacks, and that whites had no desire to come to Africa themselves, just as in all the other "conventionally" colonized African nations.

Understand that the blacks that founded Liberia shared little with the indigenous population that already existed there, save their skin color. They saw themselves more as westerners...than Africans, and set up their administrative and cultural policies as such. [/b]The situation there today is the direct result of this artificial transplantation of western cultural values, and its conflict with the native African culture.[b]

[/quote]The Americo-Liberians had little in common with the tribal communities living inland. Because development of the country tended to be in only the capital city where the Americo-Liberians people lived, the tribes felt left out and cheated of the country's wealth which they believed to be their own. One of these tribes was the Krahn, to which Samuel Doe belonged. That was partly the reason for the 1980 coup.[quote]

So the west indeed initiated the chaos in this country, as is true all over Africa. I shall address the case of Ethiopia in my next post.
User avatar
Magus
Lignite
Lignite
 
Posts: 265
Joined: Sat 18 Feb 2006, 04:00:00
Location: Earth
Top

Re: Will central Africa become like the Sahara?

Unread postby Ibon » Thu 16 Mar 2006, 23:19:26

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Mesuge', 'T')his is aboslutely pathetic, good solar cooking dish costs $200-300 per family, you can boil water, cook, can your own food etc..


See my Avatar? That is a solar cooker at 4200 meters in a village in Nepal, above tree line where there were no trees. It boiled water in 7 minutes...of course the air is thinner but in a desert environment like burkina faso there is ample solar energy to use these effectively to boil millet and cous cous.....
User avatar
Ibon
Expert
Expert
 
Posts: 9572
Joined: Fri 03 Dec 2004, 04:00:00
Location: Volcan, Panama
Top

Re: African tears

Unread postby Magus » Fri 17 Mar 2006, 00:35:42

Ethiopia

The only African nation to steadfastly resist outright occupation by the west, Ethiopia (or Abyssinia, historically) has a cultural legacy that stretches back into ancient times, before the common era. A monarchy for most of its history, Ethiopia remained independent from the west up through the "Scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s, even defeating the Italians in the Battle of Adowa on March 1, 1896. This stunned the entire western world, and Italy was forced to sign the Treaty of Addis Ababa, recognizing Ethiopia as an independent state.

Unfortunately, their luck began to deteriorate in the twentieth century, where it was doomed to a dissolution of its power. Under the regime of Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (an intriguing man), Ethiopia entered the century rapidly modernizing, all without the aid of the west, and a shining beacon of hope for Africa. Steady progress was made, with the countries first written constitution ever be adopted on July 16, 1931, and an appointed bicameral legislature was established. It was also the first time ever that non-nobles had any role in the government. In November 1955, the constitution was revised to allow greater political representation by the common populace by changing the lower house of the parliament into an elected body. Modern educational methods were implemented as modernization progressed, tempered by Ethiopian traditions.

Only briefly interrupted by the brief Italian occupation that was a result of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War (an interesting story in itself and yet another example of the west failure to prevent World War II), Ethiopia only began its present degeneration to the state it is in today after leftist radicals (likely sponsered by the Soviet Union) toppled the government.

This is an excerpt from the Wikipedia article on Haile Selassie:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'O')n December 13, 1960, while the emperor was on a state visit to Brazil, his Imperial Guard forces staged an unsuccessful coup attempt, briefly proclaiming Haile Selassie I's eldest son Asfa Wossen as the new Emperor. The coup d'etat was crushed by the regular Army and police forces. Upon returning he set about implementing more conservative policies, aligning Ethiopia with the West and distancing himself from the more common radical leftist African governments. The coup attempt, although lacking wide popular support, denounced by the Orthodox Church, and crushed by the Army, Air and Police forces, had gained considerable support among the students of the University and elements of the young educated technocrats in the country. It marked the beginning of an increased radicalization of Ethiopia's student population.

In 1963 the Emperor presided over the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity with the new organisation setting up its headquarters in Addis Ababa.

The increasingly radical student movement took hold in Addis Ababa University and high school campuses, and student unrest became a regular feature of Ethiopian life. Marxism took root in large segments of the Ethiopian intelligentsia. Resistance by conservative elements at the Imperial Court and Parliament, in addition to within the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, made proposals of widespread land reform policies impossible to implement, and also damaged the standing of the government.

Outside of Ethiopia, however, the Emperor continued to enjoy enormous prestige and respect. As the longest serving Head of State then in power, the Emperor was usually given precedence over all other leaders at most international state events, such as the celebration of the 2500 years of the Persian Empire, the summits of the Non-aligned movement, and the state funerals of John F. Kennedy and Charles de Gaulle. His frequent travels around the world raised Ethiopia's international image.

A devastating drought in the Province of Wollo in 1972–73 caused a large famine which was covered up by the Imperial government and kept from Haile Selassie I, who was celebrating his 80th birthday amidst much pomp and ceremony. When a BBC documentary exposed the existence and scope of the famine, the government was seriously undermined, and the Emperor's once unassailable personal popularity fell. Simultaneously, economic hardship caused by high oil prices and widespread military mutinies in the country further weakened him. Enlisted men began to seize thieir senior officers and held them hostage, demanding higher pay, better living conditions, and investigation of alleged widespread corruption in the higher ranks of the military. The Derg, a committee of low ranking military officers and enlisted men, set up to investigate the military's demands, took advantage of the government's disarray to depose Emperor Haile Selassie I on September 12, 1974. The Emperor was placed under house arrest briefly at the 4th Army Division in Addis Ababa, while most of his family were detained at the late Duke of Harrar's residence in the north of the capital. The Emperor was then moved to a house on the grounds of the old Imperial Palace where the new government set up its headquarters. Later, most of the Imperial family were imprisoned in the Central prison in Addis Ababa known as "Alem Bekagn", or "I am finished with the world".

On August 28, 1975, the state media reported that the "ex-monarch" Haile Selassie I had died on August 27, following complications from a prostate operation. His doctor, Professor Asrat Woldeyes denied that complications had occurred and rejected the government version of his death. Some believe that he was suffocated in his sleep. Witnesses came forward after the fall of the Marxist government in 1991, to reveal that the Emperor's remains had been buried beneath the president's personal office. On November 5, 2000 Emperor Haile Selassie I was given an Imperial funeral by the Ethiopian Orthodox church. The current post-communist government refused to give it the status of a state funeral.


Calling themselves the "Derg," this Soviet backedMarxist-Leninist military junta enjoyed popular support for a short period; however, the ensuing droughts, uprisings and purges resulted in a massive Ethiopian diaspora, and the first that has ever occurred in history.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article on the Derg:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')n the months following its founding, the power of the Derg steadily increased. In July the Derg obtained key concessions from the Emperor, Haile Selassie. This included the power to arrest not only military officers, but government officials at every level. Soon both former Prime Ministers Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold, and Endelkachew Makonnen, along with most of their cabinets, most regional governors, many senior military officers and officials of the Imperial court found themselves imprisoned. In August, after a proposed constitution creating a constitutional monarchy was presented to the Emperor, the Derg began a program of dismantling the imperial government in order to forestall any such development. The Derg deposed and imprisoned him on September 12, 1974. On September 15, the committee renamed itself the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC) and took control of the government. The Derg chose Lt. General Aman Andom to be its chairman, and acting head-of-state until the Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen could return from his medical treatment in Europe and assume the throne as a constitutional monarch. However, General Aman Andom quareled with the radical elements in the Derg over the issue of a new military offensive in Eritrea and the proposal to execute the high officials of the Emperor's former government. The Derg removed General Aman from power and executed him along with some supporters and 60 officials of the previous Imperial government on November 23, 1974. Brigadier General Tafari Benti became the new Chairman of the Derg, and head-of-state, whith Mengistu Haile Mariam and Atnafu Abate as his two vice-Chairman with the new ranks of Lt. Colonels. The monarchy was formally abolished in May, 1975, and Marxist-Leninism was proclaimed the ideology of the state. Emperor Haile Selassie died in captivity on August 22, 1975. It is now known that he was suffocated in his bed by his captors.

After internal conflicts, by November 1977 that resulted in the deaths of General Tafari Benti and several of his supporters, and the later elimination and execution of Colonel Atnafu Abate, Mengistu Haile Mariam gained undisputed leadership of the Derg. In 1987 the Derg was formally dissolved and the country became the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia under a new constitution. Many of the Derg members remained in key government posts, and remained as the members of the Central Committee and the Politbureau of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE), which became Ethiopia's civilian version of the Eastern bloc Communist parties. Mengistu Haile Mariam became Secretary General of the WPE, and President of the Peoples Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, as well as remaining Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.


Although Ethiopia has recovered to a degree after the fall of the Derg regime, the devesatating effects of two decades of their control still afflicts the nation to this day. If the Soviets had not interfered with the countries internal affairs, perhaps Ethiopia would be a strong and respected nation today, as it was before the Derg takeover.
User avatar
Magus
Lignite
Lignite
 
Posts: 265
Joined: Sat 18 Feb 2006, 04:00:00
Location: Earth
Top

PreviousNext

Return to Open Topic Discussion

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 3 guests

cron