by theluckycountry » Fri 26 Jul 2024, 19:22:13
It was local market day this morning, but as often happens many the locals were absent. Sellers come out from the city too, the one north of me, or more accurately the outer suburbs of that city. They bring all manner of junk tools and equipment for sale, craft stuff, boutique dog products, and one gentleman and his son, fruit and veg from the central markets there.
I ignored the junk and the coffee van that all the sellers flock to as soon as it opens to get their $6 fix. Now that little van makes a killing! If an average seller takes home $300 for their efforts she is taking home $2000. But I digress. The fruit and veg guy is cheaper than the supermarket and the quality is better, the product lasts longer too. I estimate they use about 50 liters of petrol to go buy their stock, bring it out to us and then drive back home. That's a lot of energy in the service of a small truck full of food! I for my part put 1/3 or so of what I buy in the fridge which keeps it cool until I eat it. Two weeks say. A lot more energy! I also burn a little driving down to the market but that's negligible.
Of course I take all this for granted, as we all do. It's just modern life. King Solomon in all his Wealth and Glory didn't live as well as I do. Though he certainly had more women. No the comforts and pleasures I experience in daily life are beyond anything he could imagine. Just the simple things like a comfortable air-conditioned car and home would have made him drool. But again, I digress.
THERMODYNAMICS
AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FOOD PRODUCTION
by Jay Hanson — revised 4/12/97
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')ll matter and energy in the universe are subject to the Laws of Thermodynamics. In the discipline of Ecological Economics, systems are delimited so that they are meaningful to our economy. What does thermodynamics have to do with the sustainability of food production?
Thermodynamic potential is a measure of a system's capacity to perform work. The two essential forms of stored thermodynamic potential are "energy" (e.g., a barrel of oil) and "order" (e.g., clean drinking water and deep topsoil).
"Entropy" is a measure of the unavailability of energy: the entropy of oil increases as it burns. Entropy can also be thought of as a measure of disorder in a system: polluted water that reduces crop yield has higher entropy than the same water unpolluted, and the entropy of topsoil increases when it erodes, is waterlogged, or is degraded by irrigation that "inevitably leads to the salinization of soils and waters." Increasing entropy in our food system is reducing the potential of the system to do work (produce food).
Sustainable systems are "circular" (outputs become inputs)—all linear physical systems must eventually end. [4] Modern agriculture is increasing entropy in both its sources (e.g., energy, soil, and ground water) and its sinks (e.g., water, soil, and atmosphere). Thus, modern agriculture is not circular—it can not be sustained.
Consider one of the most important limiting variables—energy. Food grains produced with modern, high-yield methods (including packaging and delivery) now contain between four and ten calories of fossil fuel for every calorie of solar energy. In the 70s, it was estimated that about four percent of the nation's energy budget was used to grow food, while about 10 to 13 percent was needed to put it on our plates.
There is NO substitute for energy. Although the economy treats energy just like any other resource, it is NOT like any other resource. Energy is the precondition for ALL other resources and oil is the most important form of energy we use, making up about 38 percent of the world energy supply.
NO other energy source equals oil's intrinsic qualities of extractablility, transportability, versatility and cost. These are the qualities that enabled oil to take over from coal as the front-line energy source in the industrialized world in the middle of this century, and they are as relevant today as they were then.
40 years ago, geologist M. King Hubbert developed a method for projecting future oil production and predicted that oil production in the lower-48 states would peak about 1970. These predictions have proved to be remarkably accurate. Both total and peak yields have risen slightly compared to Hubbert's original estimate, but the timing of the peak and the general downward trend of production were correct.
In March of 1996, World Resources Institute published a report that stated:
"Two important conclusions emerge from this discussion. First, if growth in world demand continues at a modest 2 percent per year, production could begin declining as soon as the year 2000. Second, even enormous (and unlikely) increases in [estimated ultimately recoverable] oil buy the world little more than another decade (from 2007 to 2018). In short, unless growth in world oil demand is sharply lower than generally projected, world oil production will probably begin its long-term decline soon—and certainly within the next two decades."
Well, so much for oil! Should we be alarmed? YES! Modern agriculture—indeed, all of modern civilization—requires massive, uninterrupted flows of oil-based energy. For example, the International Energy Agency projects that world oil demand will rise from the current 68 million barrels per day to around 76 million b/d in year the 2000 and 94 million b/d in 2010. What will happen when demand for oil exceeds maximum possible production?
To really understand the underlying causes and implications of oil depletion, one must stop thinking of the "dollar cost" of oil, and take a look at the "energy cost" of oil. We note that the energy cost of domestic oil has risen dramatically since 1975. As oil becomes harder and harder to find and get out of the ground, more and more energy is required to recover each barrel. In other words, the increasing energy cost of energy is due to increasing entropy (disorder) in our biosphere.
Optimists tend to assume that the "quality" (e.g., liquid vs. solid) of energy we use is not significant, that an infinite amount of social capital is available to search for and produce energy, and that an infinite flow of solar energy is available for human use. Realists know that none of these assumptions is true. In fact, ALL alternative methods of energy production require oil-based energy inputs and are subject to the same inevitable increases in entropy. Thus, there is NO solution to the energy (entropy or disorder) problem, and the worldwide energy-food crisis is inevitable.
When we can no longer subsidize modern agriculture with massive fossil energy inputs (oil-based pesticides and fertilizers, machine fuel, packaging, distribution, etc.), yields will drop to below what they were before the Green Revolution! Moreover, billions of people could die this coming century when the U.S. is no longer able to export food and mass starvation sweeps the Earth.
Is there nothing we can do?
We could lessen human suffering if all the people of Earth cooperated for the common good. But as long as political systems serve only as corporate errand boys, we're dead...
I'll leave it there, because Hanson's assumption has come to pass, zero cooperation, ergo we are dead. But Hanson was speaking collectively, like if you went to your favorite fishing river and saw hundreds of dead fish on the surface. You would assume they were "all" dead, but of course it's more than likely some survived. This actually happened in Australia's Murry River some years back. low water levels combined with a heat wave triggered the collapse, oxygen deprivation. But a few survived because there are lots of fish there now.
Hanson's dire predictions are based on indisputable facts but they don't apply to everyone on the Planet. Only to those unprepared, and to those unlucky enough to get murdered along the way. It's why I have always advocated lifeboats. Not the lifeboat community concepts that the early peakoilers went after, transition towns etc, they all failed because modern people simply can't band together for the common good when times are good (relatively good) They will only do this under dire poverty basically and then it will be like the forming of a pack of wild dogs. Lots of blood lost along the way.
I have never believed in the prepper group concept either because all it would take would be one man's wife to be banging a fellow prepper on the side and the whole thing would blow up! No I advocate, and live, a sort of stealth lifeboat. I live and thrive among my neighbors, telling them nothing of all this, but preparing for the worst if it comes in my lifetime. I won't be alone in living comfortably as there are a lot of farmers around here and their product will ensure they do ok too.
Food: a few years worth of the basics laid up
Energy: Solar with backups, several big Gas bottles for the BBQ, A few hundred Gallons of gasoline
Personal Security: I'll leave that to your imagination but it's comprehensive.
Personal Pleasure/entertainment: If youtube goes do you have Drives full of movies? Lots of books?
Alternate Transport: Efficient and cheap.
In other words all the things we take for granted now, the things that we would dread to lose our access to. I realized years ago that I could copy the plans of the Uber wealthy, but just at my own level of consumption. These redoubs, these safe havens we hear the Elite building for themselves are lavish because their lifestyles are lavish but when they retreat to them they will lose access to their playgrounds in the Swiss Alps and the Caribbean, their trips to France and shopping in London's high street. I too will lose some of those things, down on my own level of existence, but I don't intend to be suffering under food deprivation, Blackouts or fuel shortages and neither do they.
Hanson was trying to Alert the world, and perhaps hoped the World would change. I have no such illusions.
Google: "no such illusions" 250,000 hits.$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'P')atrick McKenzie
X ·40+ likes · 1 year ago
Ditto, though part of me views the candor as being a public service. “Many people want you to believe they will be reliable long-term partners. I want you to have no such illusions about me; once you're out the door, you're dead to me.”
Just a random pick, but it expresses the concept nicely. Having no such illusions puts you on an active path away from a commonly held delusion, or at least it should.