by Plantagenet » Tue 02 Oct 2018, 17:23:35
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('yellowcanoe', ' ')The fall of the Roman empire occurred after a long period of decline -- the invasion of the Huns was just the final act and not the cause of the end of the Roman empire.
Of course.
But the "long period of decline" also involved military defeat after military defeat and loss of province after province. After Rome had lost all its provinces, then military adversaries sacked Rome itself. Obviously the Huns didn't defeat Rome all by themselves....Rome suffered many different military defeats and sustained large territorial losses as the empire shrank. This was not an inevitable one way trip to collapse either----there were also periods when Rome retook areas that had been lost. But the long term decline of Rome clearly involved multiple military defeats and loss of territories before the final sack of Rome. And even then the empire reconstituted itself in Ravenna for a bit before before militarily destroyed for the final time.
Same thing with the Byzantines. Of course the day that Constantinople fell was not the whole story of the fall of the Byzantine Empire. First they had to loose Egypt and Syria, and all of Turkey and Greece and the Balkans to military conquest. Then when those territories were lost, Constaniple itself fell to conquerers.
The question that should be under discussion here is whether or not civilizations contain the seeds of their own destruction, i.e. there is some fatal flaw in civilization that leads to weakness and self-destruction, or whether civilizations are pretty stable until some outside force (climate change, military adversaries, etc.) cause the civilization to topple.
My point is simply that many civilizations clearly toppled not when some internal glitch caused the civilization to spontaneously collapse , but when they were defeated and destroyed by outside military conquest. Here's another example--- the Cathaginians had a nice little empire with an interesting civilization, but they were defeated and destroyed by Rome. I suppose you could argue the Cathaginians had some deep moral flaw that didn't allow them to defeat Rome, but more likely it was just the superior military capabilities of Rome that defeated Carthage.

The Romans totally destroyed Carthage and its civilization. They killed and enslaved everyone in the city and they even salted the fields so nothing could grow there.
Cheers!