I wasn't suggesting that we start with the above nightmare. I do, however think that in the dieback of 90% of the current humans, things will get bad all over, including here in America. I am aware of and somewhat troubled by the fact that the First World nations will get the lion's share of the diminishing FF's, while the Third World and Second World get the lion's share of the suffering and death.
As for your "robot tax", it is nonsense. First of all, there are very few machines that justify the name "robot". Dishwashers, washing machines, weed whackers, and powered lawn mowers for example are appliances or tools - but they rendered domestic human servants obsolete. Once you have a good definition of "robot" my engineering brethren will design non-robotic machines that perform the same tasks without the robot tax. It would also be a non-productive and silly thing to do - if a human form robot can do a task better and cheaper, it should. Nor should it be necessary to re-design the machine into a less efficient form to avoid a robot tax.
As for taxes in general, here is how they are distributed and who pays how much today:

Call the two lower brackets "Low Income" and the two higher brackets "High Income", and the three in the center "Middle Income". 55% of the total taxes are paid by "High Income", 50% by "Middle Income", and the "Low Income" brackets get subsidies that amount to 6% (there is a total 1% rounding error across all seven income brackets).
That is today. The system is already steeply "progressive", if that is the right word. The fabled 1% are all found in the $1M and higher income brackets, of course. Speaking personally, I never made it out of "middle middle" when I was still working, and now I'm to the left of the middle.
Nor do the 1% own all the means of production. They own some, but the four highest income brackets are where virtually all ownership lies, with a large part in the retirement funds of people who basicly worked for a prolonged period for what they have. That includes not only the corporations which you are probably thinking of, but also the Small and Medium businesses that are mainly owned by the Middle Classes.
That lowest Middle Income bracket is "the working poor". They don't own much, they depend upon Social Security alone, they are vulnerable to inflation and the whims of politicians.