by DantesPeak » Sun 03 Jul 2005, 12:05:08
How has the US coped with the energy price shockwave so far? By sucking savings from the rest of the world faster and faster, or in other words by an increase in the current account deficit. [The current account deficit, is generally defined at the amount of money needed to finance the trade deficit plus net interest/dividend payments on international investments and debt.]
Over the period that saw an increase in the price of oil from about $30 to about $50, from the fourth quarter of 2003 to the first quarter of 2005, the current account expanded by $200 billion per year. This is roughly equal to economy wide cost increase in energy, also about $200 billion. Not surprisingly, countries that couldn't compensate by also increasing their current account deficit saw their economic growth slow as real - energy inflation adjusted - income dropped. Then why doed China still have a strong economy? Because it has been printing up fiat money at about a rate of $150 billion a year vs. a much, much lower amount two years ago. Usually large issues of fiat will cause domestic inflation. But in China's case, by pegging to the dollar, China's inflationary policies instead have been hidden and directed to the US dollar - causing inflation in those things quoted in dollars. So it is basically just China and the US that have outrun the energy price shockwave so far.
Will these monetary and trade policies succeed in maintaining economic growth for the US as oil goes to $60, $70, or even higher? There are three main reasons why they won't. First, as the price rises past $60, the price of energy is rising faster than economic systems can smoothly cope with. Distortions in the financial system creates waves of instability in market and industry segments. If these waves cause a number of smaller economic problems, and these problems eventually converge like harmonic waves combining in the ocean to create a huge rogue wave, unexpected events such as the sudden collapse of the dollar or stock market could occur with almost no warning. Second, the US is close to reaching an absolute limit of total world savings available each year. This limit may be about $1 trillion and the current account deficit is probably about $850 billion per year now. Yet there are also other countries running current account deficits too competing for the remainder of that pool. We now may be very close the maximum practical limit which the US current account deficit could possibly reach. But there is an additional factor the US has to worry about. Third, the Fed may have taken into consideration at its last (June 30) FOMC meeting the hyperinflationary tendencies of Chinese monetary policy. The Chinese have been able to outbid other countries for commodities by issuing fiat money, buying dollars with that fiat, and then buying goods with those dollars. This slowly but eventually leads to general inflation, which spreads to all dollar based goods, services, and assets. This inflation causes further declines in disposable income. So unless the current account deficit expands more, which basically is another way of saying foreigners will lend the US more money to maintain a certain standard of living, inflation adjusted spending must drop.
Rising energy prices combined with any or all of the three factors above indicate that the not only will the US economy will no longer be able to sustain growth with oil about $60 - but that unstable and negative market conditions could soon develop.
For more on the inflationary risks to the world economy China has created, see what Alan Greenspan and Treasury Secretary Snow recently said:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hile the presumption that a revaluation of the RMB will notably increase jobs in the United States by constraining imports or expanding exports is without statistical or analytical support, it is nonetheless the case that a more flexible RMB would be helpful to China's economic stability and, hence, to world and U.S. economic growth. Rapid accumulation of foreign, largely dollar, reserve holdings by the People's Bank of China, China's central bank, as a consequence of support for the RMB could boost the growth of the money stock, with the accompanying risk of triggering upward pressure on inflation and a general overheating of the Chinese economy.
The Chinese central bank's issuance of liquidity management bonds to lessen potential increases in the money supply created by foreign asset accumulation has accelerated since regular issuance began in April 2003. Nonetheless, only about one-half of the increase in reserves over the past two years has been offset, with the remainder showing through as money growth.
http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/te...623/default.htm$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'C')hina's rigid currency regime has become highly distortionary. We know that it poses risks to the health of the Chinese economy, such as sowing the seeds for
excess liquidity creation, asset price inflation, large speculative capital flows, and over-investment. It also poses risks to its neighbors, since their ability to follow more independent and anti-inflationary monetary policies is constrained by competitiveness considerations relative to China. Sustained, non-inflationary growth in China is important for maintaining strong global growth and a more flexible and market-based renminbi exchange rate would help the Chinese achieve this goal.