Monkey, in the US full retirement is 65 but the age is increasing as time goes by - I'm 57 and my retirement age is 66 years & 6 months according to
this. Retirement can be taken as young as 62 with reduced benefits and it can also be delayed until 70 with a slight increase in benefit.
Benefits are based on income from a person's 10 highest earning years. We call the payments Payroll Tax and they are around 15% of income up to around $100k. The employer pays half and the employee pays half (self-employed pay 100% themselves). Everyone pays payroll tax no matter their income but there is a cutoff at around $100k (and no corresponding "means testing" of benefits) making it one of our most regressive taxes.
I think the average check is around $1,200 a month. Again the amount is based on how much you earned (past tense) rather than how much you
are earning (as a retiree). Thus it is more a savings account than an "entitlement" and comes close to being self-sustaining.
Medical benefits start at 65. Medical retirement coverage, unlike retirement, is in no way self supporting through the 3% payroll taxe and is a huge drain on the government.
All the above is a dramatic oversimplification. There are pitfalls galore, so much so there are long running columns by experts who regularly answer questions about benefits and rules. One of the things the Puritans impressed upon American is that no charity should be given without a healthy dose of judgement, recrimination and scorn. Social Security retirement is seen by many here as charity (on reason why it's referred to as an "entitlement" even though it's paid for by taxes) and one of the ways we punish the beggar is to make him jump through hoops of red tape and regulation.
That's just my opinion tho...
The legitimate object of government, is to do for a community of people, whatever they need to have done, but can not do, at all, or can not, so well do, for themselves -- in their separate, and individual capacities.
-- Abraham Lincoln, Fragment on Government (July 1, 1854)