by kublikhan » Tue 25 Jun 2013, 13:37:46
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('ROCKMAN', 'A')nd assuming there’s a correlation between economic growth and energy consumption this also infers long term and stable growth in energy consumption. As far as “the decline in consumption (in Ireland) will level off, thus reducing the "growth" in supply to China” I don’t see the dynamic moving that way. China won’t be getting what energy is left after other countries have their fill IMHO.
+1
I think you have it backwards db. IMHO, developing countries will be the ones determining oil demand growth and developed countries will see their oil consumption continue to shrink. Developing nations derive a much higher marginal utility for every barrel of oil they consume.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hy are developing countries managing to grow rapidly, even at double digit rates, while developed countries cannot manage to achieve any meaningful growth?
The answer lies primarily in global resource and environmental constraints. An overcrowded planet and massive industrialization of developing countries have brought mankind face to face with the limits of the planet. These limits tend to constrain global economic growth.
In the following pages we will examine the ways these resource and environmental constraints work their way through the global economy and the effects they have on its developed and developing segments. Since the growth challenges we are concerned about mainly emanate from resource and environmental constraints it is important to mention that an important difference between developed and developing economies is their resource intensiveness. This discussion is mainly about the resource intensiveness of developed and developing economies and the resulting growth challenges they face.
A more than 1000 percent increase in the price of oil in the recent decade, or so, has seriously affected most developed economies. It has rendered unviable a wide range of economic activities that previously made sense. All sectors of the economy including energy, transportation, housing, recreation and tourism, and retail are affected.
The same is not the case with developing countries. Low oil consumption in developing countries helps them keep their costs low, including wages. Developing countries wages are somewhat immune from oil price hikes. Business and economic activities suffer relatively little from oil price hikes in developing countries. Developing economies do not generally go into an economic recession due to oil price hikes. Their economic growth continues in spite of oil price hikes.
Economic growth is fast becoming a zero-sum game among countries because of fossil fuel supply constraint and the likely consequences of environmental constraints. Since resource limits will not allow the global economy to grow freely; growth in developing countries will exert offsetting downward pressure on growth in developed countries. Growth in developing countries will come at the cost of growth in developed countries. Migration of industries without replacement is just one example.
Utility maximization from oilAssuming that the world is a consumer with a finite amount of oil; it will try to maximize its utility by equalizing the marginal utility from all its different uses of oil. Globalization has helped create conditions where the world is like a consumer trying to maximize its utility from scarce resources. In other words the global economy is trying to equalize its utility from oil use in all parts of the world.
Global utility maximization is working through resource, labor, end product and other prices, to equalize the utility derived from oil use in different parts of the world. Global utility maximization currently translates into reducing resource use in developed countries and increasing it in developing countries. This market pressure to reduce fossil fuel use in developed countries may be called a “market driven correction” but in real life it is the economic crisis!
Globalization and the resultant massive industrialization of developing countries brought two billion people in the global workforce. Consequently, a large number of businesses in developed economies are facing tough low wage competition from developing economies. As a result they are either closing down or moving to developing countries to take advantage of their low wages. When businesses move overseas they not only take the employment and income that they created but also the opportunities and the potentials that they created for other businesses; they take an additional piece of the economy with them.
Growing Competitive Disadvantage of Developed EconomiesAlmost all production and consumption activity in developed countries has a significant component of oil or energy use. Due to high and ubiquitous usage of fossil fuel, the cost structures in developed countries get pushed up higher by oil price hikes. Wage standards are also pushed up or lose downward flexibility because of oil price hikes, particularly given the cumulative effect of hikes in the recent decade. Therefore competitive abilities of business in developed countries tend to be diminished by oil price hikes and related expectations.
In developing countries, on the other hand, oil price hikes do not significantly affect wages and other costs due to their low usage of fossil fuel. Low intensity of energy use also helps them keep wages low. Due to low intensity of energy use in developing countries their costs do not go up as much by oil price hikes as they do in developed countries. The economic effects of oil price hikes are many times higher in developed countries than in developing ones. Developing countries gain some competitive advantage over developed countries every time oil price increases.
Global resource constraints, i.e. rising oil prices, have put developed countries at a significant and increasing disadvantage vis-à-vis developing countries. If developed countries continue on the fossil fuel path they will keep losing jobs and business to developing countries.
Oil buying power of developing countriesSince consumers in developing countries have a low rate of oil consumption, they are likely to derive higher marginal utility from consumption of oil compared to that in developed countries. Therefore consumers in developing countries are more likely to be willing to pay for rising oil prices. Oil consumption in developing countries will keep pressure on oil prices.
It may seem that developed countries have more buying power, but for oil and similar global resources, the production and consumption economics favor developing countries and give them better buying power. Since oil price hikes do not significantly affect wages, only direct costs have to be transferred to end products in developing countries. Direct costs are easy to transfer to end product prices. Oil price hikes are easier to deal with there.
Developed countries have built their economies on oil prices of around $10, or $20, a barrel whereas developing countries are building theirs on $100 a barrel. Developing countries therefore are able to deal with high oil prices without much pain or restructuring.
Developing countries’ growth is likely to continue in spite of rising oil and other resource prices. The same cannot be said about developed countries. Because of high intensity of energy and oil use developed economies will be increasingly crippled by rising oil prices.