by Arthur75 » Sun 23 Jan 2011, 09:00:36
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Sixstrings', '
')Overall though, I don't see peak oil talked about much insofar as how it changes AGW mitigation. What I wonder about is how some can hold both views simultaneously, that peak oil doom is imminent and yet they still think massive government programs are needed to mitigate climate change doom.
If you accept the one, how do you support the other? In the peak oil doom scenario, there won't be any massive government programs of any kind, much less climate change reversal. And more to the point, Kunstler's "world by hand" is the ultimate emissions reduction program -- neither carbon taxes nor cap and trade can touch peak oil.
Not sure why you say so, regarding mitigation solutions or policies for peak oil and AGW, seems to me that if they work for one objective, they also work for the other, and so are basically the same, and when they are not, like CCS or geoengineering stuff in general, they usually are false solutions or bad good ideas, and could be described as easter island strategy technological statues.
If we take the CCS example, it is estimated that the loss in energy production efficiency would be at least 30 or 40%, to capture, transport, and pump the CO2 under the carpet, so for every two moutain tops blown up in the Appalaches, you would blow up a third one in order to be able to put a "green" sticker on the energy produced from the first two (and not even talking about the other pollution aspects besides the CO2 one, augmented by so much). And this being heavy industry tons related energy intensive processes, no progress Moore's law kind to be expected there (always take so much energy to move a ton, or possible to know theoritical maximum levels of efficiency for the whole process).
So things like CCS are really an extension of the "BAU mindset": lets use more energy to clean up the mess in order to be able to keep on using as much energy or even more, meanwhile accelerating resource consumption and the speed towards the resource crash.
For other mitigation strategies, on the technical solutions aspects they are either on the production side (renewables and nuclear, ok can be discussed for nuclear) or on the conservation side (energy efficiency), and so end up valid towards both objectives.
Note that concerning the conservation or efficiency side, it can take a huge amount of different forms, as it is related to the "technical" infrastructure used in a very general sense : from insulation of current houses or buildings to the shape of the cities, vehicles and transport network efficiency and technological choices, products and appliances efficiencies, etc
Considering the starting point (huge percentage and amount of fossile energy used), it seems quite clear that the top priority should be on the conservation side, more or at least as much than on the production side : very often easier and cheaper to gain watts (or produce negawatts) from current position than to add clean non fossile watts to replace the fossile ones.
But maybe the key problem here, is that efficiency measures often appear less "sexy" than alternative production ones, as Jonathan Callahan points out in a recent TOD thread :
http://www.theoildrum.com/node/7189#comment-760386Which maybe leads to the economic or political associated policies that could be set up to "manage" the transition (if at all possible of course).
To me they can basically take three different forms :
1) subsidies or tax rebate on solutions defined as "good", either on the production or conservation side.
2) taxes (volume based) on raw materials and fossile fuels in particular, that economically push any alternative solutions either on the production or the conservation side
3) regulations and laws on new products (from houses to vehicles and appliances, and urbanistic codes) defining minimum levels of efficiency for new products, or even forbiding some technologies for a given function (like incandescent light bulbs for lighting for instance, now forbidden in several EC countries)
And of course to this should be added the "common infrastucture" strategies and projects, for instance related to transport networks and technologies.
In between 1) and 2), I think 2) should clearly be favored as the prime mechanism, subsidies make sense when linked to research and development, but when linked to production CAPEX and OPEX it is very debatable. Moreover, it is very easy to be wrong in this "good solutions labelling business", good solutions labelling business which is always necessary prior to setting up subsidies on production, corn ethanol could be considered as a prime example here, if indeed its EROEI is inferior or barely superior to one. Plus subsidies are much more prone to various cheats and loopholes than straight volume based taxes. Taxes on fossile fuels have the advantage of "not caring about the solutions" at all, leaving the responsibility of defining and deciding whether they make sense or not to the ones investing in them.
About 3), for sure some are necessary, but here also we should probably be careful about the "good solutions labeling business" not becoming overwhelming on this aspect.
Ok here I know taxes isn't a very popular word in the US (and the world over), and of course some redistribution principles have to be set up in parallel (or some other taxes removed like taxes related to work for instance), but still on principle taxes on fossile fuel are most probably the best mitigation policy, and this even after the peak, even if maybe it can appear a bit counter intuitive at first glance (or gut feeling). And this in a pure self economic interest for a given country (and even for the job market in the country).
Here the prime example for the US is of course the current gas tax level, which results in not only the trade balance deficit keeping on increasing, but more importantly still a huge number of highly inefficient vehicles being bought everyday, when sound investment strategies at all levels is the only way out of this mess if there is one.
Guess you knew I would manage to end up on the US gas tax level aspect, no ?
