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Neat little video about the monetary system

Discussions about the economic and financial ramifications of PEAK OIL

Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby firestarter » Thu 22 Feb 2007, 19:39:26

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Bas', 't')he fed sells bonds to extract high powered money from the market. And why is it then, MQ, that so many people on this thread think that a bank with a 100$ in deposits can create a 900$ loan and a $8100 loan out of that?


Perhaps they missed the part where the difference between loans from deposits and loans based upon reserves was explained?

As it clearly was.



Yes, clearly, at between the fourteen through sixteen minute point of the video.

I found the video to be an exceptionally well done and very understandable presentation. Wouldn't mind seeing it permanently linked on the home page here.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MacG » Thu 22 Feb 2007, 21:05:15

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('bshirt', 'H')owever, how and where did they successfully pull the wool over the eyes of the majority of the people?


Sorry, I was unclear. The way I wrote it it look like I think it was a calculated and intentional thing. Not so. Sorry again.

This will be a long and complex one. Sorry a third time.

Enter memetics. Memes are the stuff that make us human. We have a unique capability to copy behavior. The ability to watch and copy a successful behavior gives absolutely breathtaking advantages over those who are stuck with pure genetic evolution. A successful mutation can take hundreds of generations to spread, while a successful behavior can spread itself in just weeks. If it can be watched and copied at will.

Anyone who is interested should read Susan Blackmore's "The Meme Machine". Some 80-100 000 years ago, the memes ended up in the drivers seat, and started to push the genes ahead of them.

Memetics is really simple: We are hardwired to look at successful people, and to try to copy their behavior. There is simply no escape. It's in our genes nowadays. Those who failed to do this are no longer in the gene pool. As simple as a skull.

When it comes to "successful behavior", there is no escape from Charles "Big Chuck" Darwin. Whatever works works, no matter what we think about it. I would encourage everyone to read Machiavelli's "The Prince". Machiavelli was a diplomat, a shy and quiet guy who worked for the powerful guys in Italy in the 1400's. He documented what he had seen as working and non-working behavior, and among the working stuff we find: "The prince should NEVER reveal his true intentions, but ALWAYS disclose them and give misleading explanations.

Please note that I don't attach any values to this observation. It's an OBSERVATION, not a moral statement.

Apparently it's successful to hide your true intentions, but the people who observe you and try to copy your behavior will only see the image you want to give, not your true intentions! And the observers will believe that it's a virtue to not care about factual things!

When the rich and powerful do everything they can to pretend that "real stuff" like stockpiles of salted meat, weapons and allies are "boring", privately they don't bother about anything BUT salted meat, weapons and allies. Simple people watch their behavior and try to copy it, but they copy what they SEE, not the real stuff.

Sorry if this seem like a long and irrational posting, but it took me a lifetime to gather the understanding. I don't expect to be able to express it in a few lines on a bulletin board.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby mmasters » Thu 22 Feb 2007, 21:09:53

Just watched it too, not bad.

IMO there's a better video that just came out called "Fiat Empire"
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MonteQuest » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 01:27:35

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MrBill', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Yvan', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('joewp', 'Y')ep, they "create" money out of nothing. You deposit $100 then the bank loans out $900 based on the reserve you've given them, and they count the loan paper as an "asset" to offset the "liabilities" of those new dollars in demand deposit accounts they just created.

This is not true and it is a shame that this movie leads people to believe that a bank can loan more than it has as deposit.
If you deposit $100 then the bank can only lend $100*(1-RR). So if the reserve requirement is 10% your bank can only lend $90!
The multiplier effect is only obtained through the successive deposits that this loan generates.

A bank NEVER loans more money than it has as deposit. Otherwise liabilities and assets would not balance each other.


Correct and that is what MonteQuest and others refuse to get! And it is so simple too?


The video does not portray this as you state. Watch it again.

Banks that have reserves on deposit with the Federal Reserve may create money based upon this reserve at a ratio of 9 to 1. They may multiply that reserve by a factor of 9.

Deposits made to the bank by customers may be loaned out based upon the same reserve requirement, but not multiplied by a factor of 9, but divided by a factor of 9. Thus, it plays out as quoted above:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')f you deposit $100 then the bank can only lend $100*(1-RR). So if the reserve requirement is 10% your bank can only lend $90! The multiplier effect is only obtained through the successive deposits that this loan generates.


As the video says, even some front-line banking people are in the dark.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby Yvan » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 03:33:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('joewp', 'I') am looking at the math. I have a 1956 quarter on my desk that I can sell for $2.50 today. If those dollars aren't moving towards "worthless" than in which direction are they going?

Inflation as always existed with or without banks. Today it is the Fed that controls the monetary base. Therefore it is Fed that controls inflation. If banks were able to create as much money as they want your dollars would not slowly lose value. They would become worthless overnight.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')rong.
"M2: M1 + most savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificate of deposit accounts (CDs) of under $100,000."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply

Banks cannot create money with time deposits which is why there is no RR. They can only do this with M1, hence the RR.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hy are you arguing against the Fed, who says banks create money? They say that commercial banks create money. Why do you think they're lying?

I never said banks do not create money. Otherwise I would probably fail my class. I said the limit of the infinite geometric series is finite. Hence the hypothesis : "banks can create as much money as they want" is rejected.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MonteQuest » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 03:40:17

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Yvan', 'I')nflation as always existed with or without banks. Today it is the Fed that controls the monetary base. Therefore it is Fed that controls inflation. If banks were able to create as much money as they want your dollars would not slowly lose value. They would become worthless overnight.


Here you are spot on. Too much money in circulation, you have inflation. Weimar Germany 1923. Too little, you have deflation. US Depression 1931.

The FED does this through RR's, open market sales, and interest rates.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby vision-master » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 15:22:19

All I know is personal debt is getting out of hand for most Joe 6-packs. Everything costs more and more without real wages keeping up. What's Up With That?

Now we don't even use cash anymore. Plastic rules! The biggest banker scam ever, I'd say!
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 18:39:22

There seems to be some confusion about how much credit banks can create from deposits.

If a bank receives a deposit of $1000, based on a 10% reserve ratio, it could in theory loan out an additional $9000. However, in practice, banks don't do this. Why not? Because if they did, and the credit was spent and transferred to a customer of a competing bank, the bank would suffer adverse clearing balances, and would lose reserves when the competing bank came calling for its money.

So, in practice, banks tend to lend out less than is deposited with them. This way, they can collectively expand the deposit base gradually in a step-by-step way, such that eventually, after the cycle of loan->deposit->loan creation is completed, the original deposit has caused total deposits to expand by $9000, within the system as a whole.

Note that banks also factor in that some of their deposits which they create through the loan process tend to remain unspent over a given period of time. Because of this, they may well decide to loan out more than is deposited with them. To take the extreme case where the borrower retains all of his borrowed money on deposit, and refrains from spending it (unrealistic, of course), the bank could quite happily lend the full $9000. The same would be true if the bank could guarantee that the borrower could only spend money via payment to a customer of the same bank. More realistically, if the bank calculates that, on average, 20% of its loans tend to remain on deposit, then the bank, on receipt of a $1000 deposit, may loan roughly $1100 (I won't bother with the esoterics of the calculation here) without fear of suffering adverse clearing account balances.

So, whoever said that banks CANNOT loan out more than is deposited with them, is quite wrong. In practice, they tend not to, but this stems from practical considerations related to the likelihood of losing reserves via adverse clearing balances. There is no mechanism which, in principle, prevents an individual bank from lending more than it receives on deposit (it just wouldn't be a prudent thing for a bank to do). The fallacy that banks are, in principle, unable to lend more than they receive on deposit, perpetuates much of the confusion regarding this issue.

Highly recommended links:

www.mises.org/books/desoto.pdf
www.mises.org/books/bankcredit.pdf
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MonteQuest » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 22:14:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'T')here seems to be some confusion about how much credit banks can create from deposits.

If a bank receives a deposit of $1000, based on a 10% reserve ratio, it could in theory loan out an additional $9000.


No, they cannot. They can lend $9000 based upon a bank reserve deposit with the Federal Reserve, but only $900 based upon a customer's deposit at the bank.

9:1 multiply bank reserve deposits.

9:1 divide customer bank deposts.

Just like the video shows.

In theory, if each loan based upon customer bank deposits were re-deposited in the same bank, 90% of that could be loaned again, and so on. Like the video's analogy of the Russian doll with each loan getting smaller. Still, no $9000.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 23:14:36

MQ,

I don't really follow this. From the standpoint of an individual bank, it doesn't matter where its excess reserves originate from. Reserves are reserves, whether they be freshly created by the central bank or shuffled around between banks?
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Fri 23 Feb 2007, 23:27:28

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Yvan', 'A') bank NEVER loans more money than it has as deposit. Otherwise liabilities and assets would not balance each other.

Liabilities and assets balance no matter what the size of the loan. The deposit liability created via the loan process exactly matches the loan asset simultaneously created. It is considerations of potential reserve loss that tend to prevent banks from loaning more than they have on deposit.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 01:26:51

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'M')Q,

I don't really follow this.


Most don't. Watch the video again and read the Fed Handbook link.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 02:14:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'M')Q,

I don't really follow this.


Most don't. Watch the video again and read the Fed Handbook link.


Ah. You are making the distinction between the expansion of credit by banks in the aggregate, and the expansion of credit by an individual bank. That was where I was getting confused, it didn't seem very clear :roll:

But I stand by my original assertion: a bank in receipt of a $1000 deposit, could, in principle, loan out an additional $9000. It just wouldn't be a very wise thing to do, and that's why it's not done. The banking system would quickly become unstable. If there was only one bank in existence, there would be nothing stopping a bank from loaning the full $9000 directly.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 02:30:27

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'M')Q,

I don't really follow this.


Most don't. Watch the video again and read the Fed Handbook link.


Ah. You are making the distinction between the expansion of credit by banks in the aggregate, and the expansion of credit by an individual bank. That was where I was getting confused, it didn't seem very clear :roll:


No, I was making the distinction between bank loans made based upon deposits made by banks to the Federal reserve, and bank loans made based upon customer bank deposits.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'B')ut I stand by my original assertion: a bank in receipt of a $1000 deposit, could, in principle, loan out an additional $9000. It just wouldn't be a very wise thing to do, and that's why it's not done.


No, they cannot, not for customer bank deposits. They can loan $900, with 10% left to meet the RR.

Watch the video again (about 14 minutes to 16 minutes part) and read the FED handbook.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 03:18:23

Ok, so the bank deposits $1111.12 of reserves with the FED. It then loans out $10000 to X, who buys a car from Y. Y then deposits a cheque on the original bank in her bank, a competitor bank. This bank then demands $10000 of reserves from the original bank that created the loan. Now the original bank only has $1111.12 with which to pay this bill of $10,000. The remaining $8888.88 is in the form of an illiquid loan. This is why banks have to be so careful about lending more than they receive in deposits.

Quoting the FED article;

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'I')f the lending banks expect to lose these deposits - and an equal amount of reserves - as the borrowers' checks are paid, they will not lend more than their excess reserves.


Implicit in this is just what I've been saying; that banks could lend more than their excess reserves - it would just be imprudent if they did. It doesn't matter if the reserve injection came from the FED, from Grandma depositing her long-buried stash of FRNs, or via transfer from another bank, the loan/deposit expansion process is the same(*), and the FED article makes that quite clear, I think.

(*) except that in the latter case there is no net money creation.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MonteQuest » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 03:36:55

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'O')k, so the bank deposits $1111.12 of reserves with the FED. It then loans out $10000 to X, who buys a car from Y. Y then deposits a cheque on the original bank in her bank, a competitor bank. This bank then demands $10000 of reserves from the original bank that created the loan. Now the original bank only has $1111.12 with which to pay this bill of $10,000. The remaining $8888.88 is in the form of an illiquid loan. This is why banks have to be so careful about lending more than they receive in deposits.


Some just never get it.

The $10,000 dollars loaned is not from customer deposits, it is from fractionalizing the Reserves on deposit with the FED. They don't have to worry about loaning more than they have on deposit in their bank as they are creating the $10,000 in money out of thin air from the money the bank has on deposit with the FED based upon reserve requirements that allow them to lend out 9 times the reserve deposit as new created money.

When the check for the car is deposited in a competitor's bank, the $10,000 is in the account of the borrower who made the bank loan and wrote the check. That's where it gets paid from. The $1111.12 is still in the FED bank as reserves.

Clear?

This is how the money supply expands. Money is Debt.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 04:10:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '
')Some just never get it.

Thanks for your patience, Monte. :)

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he $10,000 dollars loaned is not from customer deposits, it is from fractionalizing the Reserves on deposit with the FED.
Yep, got that. No problem there. Technically, they can loan $10,000 and remain within legal reserve requirements.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')hey don't have to worry about loaning more than they have on deposit in their bank as they are creating the $10,000 in money out of thin air from the money the bank has on deposit with the FED based upon reserve requirements that allow them to lend out 9 times the reserve deposit as new created money.
Yes, they are creating that $10,000 out of thin air, but they do have to worry. That deposit they are creating is a bank liability, not an asset. It can't be used to discharge the bank's debt to the other bank. It can be used to settle the account between the buyer and seller of the car by simple transfer between banks, but the flip side of this transfer is that reserves (bank assets) are also transferred between banks. You seem to be ignoring this part of the transaction. The bank has insufficient reserves to honour its obligation to the other bank. In the process of creating the $10,000 deposit, the bank doesn't create reserve assets (only the FED does this); rather, it creates a loan asset (as you know)

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')hen the check for the car is deposited in a competitor's bank, the $10,000 is in the account of the borrower who made the bank loan and wrote the check. That's where it gets paid from. The $1111.12 is still in the FED bank as reserves.

Clear?

No - see above.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MrBill » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 06:14:36

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'T')here seems to be some confusion about how much credit banks can create from deposits.

If a bank receives a deposit of $1000, based on a 10% reserve ratio, it could in theory loan out an additional $9000.


No, they cannot. They can lend $9000 based upon a bank reserve deposit with the Federal Reserve, but only $900 based upon a customer's deposit at the bank.

9:1 multiply bank reserve deposits.

9:1 divide customer bank deposts.

Just like the video shows.

In theory, if each loan based upon customer bank deposits were re-deposited in the same bank, 90% of that could be loaned again, and so on. Like the video's analogy of the Russian doll with each loan getting smaller. Still, no $9000.


Based on the $1000 deposit and a minimum reserve of 10%, which is just a hypothetical reserve requirement, the bank can make new loans of up to $9000. The deposit is a liability of the bank. The new loans are an asset.

Assets = Liability + Shareholder Equity.

But they then need to borrow the $9000 (liability) to make those loans (assets). They can either borrow it from the Interbank market or they can borrow it from the central bank if they are eligible. Not all banks can borrow directly from the central bank. But each country is different.

The bank cannot lend out money they do not have based on the deposit alone. The deposit can be lent out in this example 1:0.90 or be used as the basis to lend 1:9, but only if the bank then itself borrows the remaining 9X.

Of course, the bank can also raise capital from the bond or stock market in which case they can lend from their own equity. They could then lend directly from the primary deposit without going to the Interbank market or central bank to borrow.*

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholder Equity

Remembering that not all banks are primary deposit takers. Many are private banks, asset managers, wholesale banks, investment banks, custodian banks, etc. that have other sources of income and collateral to borrow against. Their capital adequacy requirements differ from plain vanilla commercial banks because their mix of assets and liabilities is different.

However, you have to remember that if banks did NOT lend out their customers’ deposits, through the so-called fractional banking, then they could not afford to pay interest either. Instead they would have to charge customers a safe-keeping custody fee, like on securities, for taking and ensuring on demand deposits. Many of those who attack fractional banking simply do not understand this very simple fact.

Also, loans are an income earning assets like any other. A stock is an income earning call on a company’s earnings in the form of dividends. A bond is an income earning call on the bond’s coupon. A financial asset is anything that can be monetized to generate a stream of future income. Just like the true value of a house can be measured as the discounted sum of its rental income. Or an asset-backed security, based say on credit card receipts, is the net sum value of the projected repayments.

But an asset’s value is not constant. If there are high vacancies then houses fall in value. If interest rates go up then a bond’s fixed coupon rate is less valuable. If a company loses market share or customers then its future income stream will likely be lower. Change the expectation of the income streams or future value and you change their present value or the value of the asset itself.

So even gold’s present value changes due to supply & demand for the physical gold used to make jewelry and in response to inflation expectations. No asset has a fixed value that does not change. Therefore, when you create money based on the value of all assets in the economy it is in response to their present value and your expectations about the future. Ideally, money should only be created in-line with real economic growth net of inflation. But governments and central banks consistently increase money supply too quickly, so they also create inflation.

*not to complicate the issue, but in some countries minimum reserve requirements are calculated daily in real time. However, in many countries it is still only calculated, let us say, every Tuesday. Of course, if it is only calculated once per week then there is an incentive to ‘sweep out’ your deposit accounts by lending them ‘over-night’ out to lower you minimum reserve requirement. Deposits with the central bank carry a lower rate of interest than the interbank market for deposits, so it lowers the bank’s overall return on assets.
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby shakespear1 » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 09:43:43

I have stumbled on this web site while looking at security related blogs. Perhaps it may be of interest to those in this discussion.

Riegel

$this->bbcode_second_pass_code('', 'E. C. Riegel – Master of Monetary Truth Throughout my career as a monetary transformer, I have drawn heavily upon the profound and insightful writings of E. C. Riegel (b. 1878; d. 1954). As I wrote in one of my books, I've learned more about money from Riegel than from any other source. Riegel left a great legacy of writings and correspondence. That legacy would have been lost to us except for the fact that Spencer MacCallum happened to meet Riegel a year before his death, and recognized the greatness of his work and its importance to the future of civilization – to peace, freedom, and general prosperity.')

Anyone familiar with Riegel ? :)
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Re: Neat little video about the monetary system

Unread postby MacG » Sat 24 Feb 2007, 10:48:54

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('shakespear1', 'A')nyone familiar with Riegel ? :)


Fairly. Read all his stuff made available online. Riegel have left the first traces I found of mutual credit systems. Either you look at www.bartercard.com or LETS, Riegel thought of it first.
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